Your search found 25 records
1 Amarasinghe, Upali; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; Sharma, Bharat R. 2010. Overcoming growing water scarcity: exploring potential improvements in water productivity in India. Natural Resources Forum, 34:188-199.
Water scarcity ; Water productivity ; Water deficit ; Rainfed farming ; Supplemental irrigation ; Yield gap / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043093)
(0.19 MB)
Improvements in water productivity (WP) are often suggested as one of the alternative strategies for overcoming growing water scarcity in India. This paper explores the potential improvements in WP of food grains at district level, which currently varies between 0.11 and 1.01 kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3), in the 403 districts that account for 98% of the total production of food grains. The paper first finds the maximum yield function conditional on consumptive water use (CWU) and then explores the potential improvements in WP by: (a) bridging the gap between actual and maximum yield while keeping CWU constant; and (b) changing the maximum yield by adjusting the CWU using supplementary or deficit irrigation. Deficit irrigation in some areas may decrease yield but can increase production if land availability is not a constraint. A large potential exists for bridging the yield gap in irrigated areas with CWU between 300 and 475 mm. Of the 222 districts that fall under this category, a 50% reduction in yield gap alone could increase production by 100 million tonnes (Mt) without increasing CWU. Supplementary irrigation can increase yield and WP in rain-fed and irrigated areas of 266 and 16 districts with CWU is below 300 mm. Deficit irrigation in irrigated areas of 185 districts with CWU above 475 mm could increase yield, WP and production. Decreasing CWU in irrigated areas with CWU between 425 and 475 mm reduces yield slightly, but if availability of land is not a constraint then the benefits due to water saving and production increases could exceed the cost.
2 Pahuja, S.; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; Raja Rao, P. 2010. Addressing groundwater overexploitation: large scale success of community management approaches in hard rock aquifers of southern India. [Abstract only]. In Abstracts of the “Toward Sustainable Groundwater in Agriculture - An International Conference Linking Science and Policy,” Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport, Burlingame, California , USA, 15-17 June 2010. Davis, CA, USA: University of California; Sacramento, CA, USA: Water Education Foundation. pp.123.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043168)
http://www.ag-groundwater.org/Materials/Ag-GW_2010_Abstracts.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043168.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043168.pdf
(0.05 MB) (3.75 MB)
India is the largest groundwater user in the world, accounting for more than a quarter of the global groundwater abstraction. There has been a phenomenal growth in the exploitation of groundwater over the last four decades, largely through the construction of millions of private wells, aided by cheap drilling and pumpset technologies, as well as public subsidies for electricity. However, 30 percent of the aquifers in India are now at unsustainable levels of exploitation. With more than 60 percent of irrigated agriculture and urban and rural water supplies dependent on groundwater, addressing groundwater overexploitation has emerged as a critical challenge for India. The broad range of economic and regulatory models attempted across the globe for groundwater demand management has a limited applicability to Indian settings because of unusually high (approx. 20 million) number of individual users, preponderance of informal institutions, and deeply entrenched populist policies in energy, irrigation, and agriculture which discourage groundwater demand management. Self-regulation of groundwater use by communities is often presented as a solution but the existing examples of community management are based on charismatic local leaders, and therefore have not been replicable at large scale. We present an assessment of successful experiences from southern India which indicates that certain models of community groundwater management may be viable at large-scale in hard-rock areas, even in those cases that are characterized by the perverse incentives of cheap power and crop support prices. Under the FAO-supported Andhra Pradesh Farmer-Managed Groundwater Systems (APFAMGS) program, tens of thousands of farmer households in drought-prone areas of southern India have been trained and engaged in participatory hydrological monitoring, aimed at building their understanding of the dynamics and status of groundwater in the local aquifers. Farmers are provided with the equipment and skills to collect and analyze rainfall and groundwater data. They measure and keep daily track of rainfall, water levels, and well yields, calculating groundwater recharge from monsoonal rainfall, and estimating their annual water use based on planned cropping patterns. The project is transforming farmers into barefoot hydrogeologists, and also facilitates access to information about water-saving techniques, improved agricultural practices, and ways to regulate and manage farmers' demand for water. In contrast with most community-based approaches, the project does not seek collective decision-making nor does it offer any incentives in the form of cash or subsidies to the farmers. Assessments show that these communities have achieved a closer alignment of water availability and water use, and reductions in groundwater use have been realized by farmers without sacrificing profitability. With an outreach of more than a million farmers, these achievements of the project posit it as the first global example of large-scale success in community-based demand management of groundwater. It shows that the key determinant of success in community groundwater management is the focus on developing local capacity to adapt dynamically to the annual hydrological variability, through non-formal learning, innovative social engineering, and aligning water management objectives with the individual farmer's rational behavior instead of collective action.
3 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2009. Sustainability of resources for food security - issues for discussion. In Changing the climate forecast naturally: future managing ecosystems for human well-being, greening the world economy: proceedings of the National Seminar on Food Security and Sustainability in India, Amritsar, India, November 2009. Amritsar, India: GAD Institute for Developing Studies. pp.434-437.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043167)
(3.38 MB)
4 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2010. Financing water resource management in India. Monograph for the Environment Directorate, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris , France. 40p.
Water resource management ; Financing ; Water demand ; Water policy ; Institutions ; Legislation ; Public investment ; Private investment ; Irrigation water ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Cost recovery ; Urban areas ; Rural areas ; Poverty / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043460)
(0.73 MB)
5 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2010. Sustainability of water resources. Chairman report. In National Seminar on Management of Natural Resources and Environment in India, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 23-24 October 2010. Naushera, Amritsar, India: GAD Institute of Development Studies. pp.139-142.
Water resources ; Sustainability ; Water policy ; Water allocation ; Water governance ; Water use efficiency ; Water quality / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043462)
(7.02 MB)
6 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; Giordano, Meredith; Sharma, Vivek. 2010. Decentralised rainwater harvesting structures in India: relevance for ACP countries. [Abstract only]. In ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). CTA Annual Seminar, Closing the Knowledge Gap: Integrated Water Management for Sustainable Agriculture, Johannesburg, South Africa, 22–26 November 2010. Abstracts. Wageningen, Netherlands: ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA). pp.13.
Water harvesting ; Farmers ; Cultivation ; Irrigation water ; Water shortage / India / Madhya Pradesh / Dewas District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630 G100 TEC Record No: H043463)
(0.05 MB) (652.11 KB)
7 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2011. Water resources for the production systems on the margin. Invited paper. [Abstract only] In Becker, M.; Kreye, C.; Ripken, C. (Eds.). International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development: Development on the Margin. Book of abstracts, Tropentag 2011 Conference, University of Bonn, Germany, 5-7 October 2011. Bonn, Germany: University of Bonn. pp.266.
Water management ; Water resources ; Climate change ; Bioenergy ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water shortage ; Food security / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044373)
Rising population, growing economic activities, rapid urbanisation, changing lifestyles, rapidly increasing demand for food coupled with changing consumption patterns, growing demand for bio energy have all combined together to put greater pressure on available water resources. Demand for water is fast overtaking the available supply. The impending climate change projections have made the situation scarier. Many countries in the world have already been facing or are destined to face serious water shortages in the near future.
India, the second most populous countries in the world, is likely to face acute water scarcity. The estimated demand for water in India is set to surpass the available water supplies from all sources by 2025 threatening food security and economic development. India faces a turbulent water future. The current water development and management system is not sustainable. Unless dramatic changes are made and made soon in the way in which government manages water, India will neither have the cash to maintain and build new infrastructure nor the water required for the economy and the people.
The present talk focuses on two major questions facing India's water economy:
(a) what are the major water development and management challenges facing India? and
(b) what are the critical measures that can be taken to address these challenges?
The presentation describes the evolution of the management of India's water, describes the achievements of the past and identifies a looming set of challenges. The presentation then discusses what changes need to be considered to deal with these challenges and how to manage the transition from the ‘ways of the past' to the ‘ways of the future' so that a more sustainable path of water development and management can emerge.
India, the second most populous countries in the world, is likely to face acute water scarcity. The estimated demand for water in India is set to surpass the available water supplies from all sources by 2025 threatening food security and economic development. India faces a turbulent water future. The current water development and management system is not sustainable. Unless dramatic changes are made and made soon in the way in which government manages water, India will neither have the cash to maintain and build new infrastructure nor the water required for the economy and the people.
The present talk focuses on two major questions facing India's water economy:
(a) what are the major water development and management challenges facing India? and
(b) what are the critical measures that can be taken to address these challenges?
The presentation describes the evolution of the management of India's water, describes the achievements of the past and identifies a looming set of challenges. The presentation then discusses what changes need to be considered to deal with these challenges and how to manage the transition from the ‘ways of the past' to the ‘ways of the future' so that a more sustainable path of water development and management can emerge.
8 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2012. Towards linking livelihood and rural water security - an assessment. In Guru Arjan Dev Institute of Development Studies. 3rd IDSAsr International Seminar on Water Security and Climate Change: Challenges and Strategies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India, 4-6 November 2011. Amritsar, Punjab, India: Guru Arjan Dev Institute of Development Studies. pp.14-22.
Water security ; Rural areas ; Living conditions ; Assessment ; Climate change ; Water harvesting ; Dams ; Water availability ; Water use ; Farmers ; Economic aspects ; Financing ; Yields ; Social aspects / India / Madhya Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044883)
(5.88 MB)
9 Cestti, R.; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2012. Indirect economic impacts of dams. In Tortajada, C.; Altinbilek, D.; Biswas, A. K. (Eds). Impacts of large dams: a global assessment. Berlin, Germany: Springer. pp.19-35.
Economic impact ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Models ; Value added ; Households ; Income ; Case studies ; Irrigation ; Water power ; Electricity supplies ; Water supply ; Labour / India / Egypt / Brazil / Bhakra Dam / High Aswan Dam / Sobradinho Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044915)
(4.45 MB)
10 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2012. Measuring irrigation subsidies: some conceptual and methodological issues. Journal of the Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics, 66(2):299-311.
Irrigation water ; Irrigation projects ; Economic aspects ; Costs ; Income ; Farmers ; Social aspects ; Environmental effects ; Water supply ; Government ; Water power ; Fishery production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045007)
(0.18 MB)
11 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2012. Investing in the water sector achievements of the past and challenges for the future. Keynote speech presented at the India Water Week 2012 - Water, Energy and Food Security: Call for Solutions, New Delhi, India, 10 -14 April 2012. 5p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045008)
(0.069 MB)
12 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; de Fraiture, Charlotte; Ray, D. 2012. Technologies for smallholder irrigation: appropriate for whom – promoters or beneficiaries?. [ Abstract only]. Paper presented at the 2012 Tech4Dev International Conference on Technologies for Sustainable Development: A Way to Reduce Poverty, Lausanne, Switzerland, 29-31 May 2012. 1p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045058)
(48.84KB)
13 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; Mohan, Kadiri. 2012. Are we over-estimating irrigation subsidies in multipurpose water resources projects in India?— methodological issues and evidence. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 25(January-June):29-38.
Water resources ; Irrigation projects ; Subsidies ; Irrigation water ; Water costs / India / Andhra Pradesh / Nagarjunasagar Irrigation Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045059)
(0.04 MB)
Irrigation subsidies have become a highly contentious issue over the years and alternative approaches and conventions have been evolved in measuring the magnitude of these subsidies. Given the fact that the capital cost is a sunk cost, this paper has used the O&M cost of the project and the gross receipts in computing irrigation subsidies. Further, the paper has suggested an improvement in the subsidy estimation methods by adjusting the O&M cost of the projects to multiple benefits of the irrigation projects using the Separable Cost Remaining Benefit (SCRB) method in three major multipurpose irrigation projects in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The study has revealed that currently irrigation subsidies are over-estimated. For example, the estimated average irrigation subsidy in Nagarjunasagar Project (NRSP) Right Bank canal based on currently practised methods, works out to be ` 428 per ha, whereas using the SCRB approach, it come to be ` 111/ ha. The irrigation subsidy for NRSP is thus being currently over-estimated to the tune of almost 286 per cent. Similar is the case with the other two projects studied, though the magnitude of subsidy over-estimation could differ. The study has demonstrated how through the use of appropriate accounting methodologies, more informed and transparent estimates of irrigation subsidy can be derived. The inference from this paper is that reliable information about subsidies actually going to the irrigation sector could help in framing better pricing policies for irrigation water and in promoting more efficient use of irrigation water and utilization of subsidies. The outcome from the study will also be useful in finetuning the subsidy related discussions in the 12th Five-Year Plan documents.
14 Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Bharati, Luna; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2013. Reallocating water from canal irrigation for environmental flows: benefits forgone in the Upper Ganga Basin in India. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 15(2):385-405. [doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10668-012-9385-1]
Water allocation ; Canal irrigation ; Irrigation efficiency ; Environmental flows ; River basins ; Water use ; Simulation models / India / Upper Ganga Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045075)
(0.48 MB)
This paper assesses the potential loss of irrigation benefits in reallocating water from irrigation to meet requirements for environmental flows (e-flows) in the Upper Ganga Basin (UGB) in northern India. The minimum requirement for e-flows in the UGB is 32 billion cubic meters (BCM), or 42 % of the mean annual runoff. The current runoff during the low-flow months falls below the minimum requirement for e-flows by 5.1 BCM. Depending on irrigation efficiency, reallocation of 41–51 % of the water from canal irrigation withdrawals can meet this deficit in minimum e-flows. The marginal productivity of canal irrigation consumptive water use (CWU), estimated from a panel regression with data from 32 districts from 1991 to 2004, assesses the potential loss of benefits in diverting water away from crop production. In the UGB, canal irrigation contributes to only 8 % of the total CWU of 56 BCM, and the marginal productivity of canal irrigation CWU across districts is also very low, with a median of 0.03 USD/m3. Therefore, at present, the loss of benefits is only 1.2–1.6 % of the gross value of crop production. This loss of benefits can be overcome with an increase in irrigation efficiency or marginal productivity.
15 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2012. Efficacy of employment generation programs in providing water security: an assessment of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) in Madhya Pradesh [India]. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 32. 9p.
Water security ; Investment ; Farmers ; Water availability ; Water use ; Households / India / Madhya Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045479)
(2MB)
16 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; Giordano, Meredith; Sharma, V. 2014. Examining farm-level perceptions, costs, and benefits of small water harvesting structures in Dewas, Madhya Pradesh [India]. Agricultural Water Management, 131:204-211. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.07.002]
Water harvesting ; Decentralization ; Cost benefit analysis ; Investment ; Smallholders ; Irrigation water ; Households ; Surveys ; Crop production ; Cropping patterns ; Livestock / India / Madhya Pradesh / Dewas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H046099)
(0.71 MB)
A recent initiative in Madhya Pradesh, India to promote privately funded, rainwater harvesting structures on farmers’ own land has shown substantial economic and livelihood benefits. In contrast to the many poorly functioning, community managed rainwater harvesting programs, the individual or decentralized rainwater harvesting structures have led to significant improvements in availability of irrigation water, are vival of the agricultural economy of the region, and substantial increases in farmer incomes and livelihoods. Since 2006, more than 6000 farmers in the state have invested in on-farm ponds. The investments are highly cost effective and farmers are able to recover their initial investment in approximately 3 years. While longer-terms impact studies are needed, this initial assessment suggests that on-farm rainwater harvesting ponds are a promising private small irrigation option in Madhya Pradesh and similar regionsin India and elsewhere.
17 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; de Fraiture, Charlotte; Ray, D. 2013. Technologies for smallholder irrigation appropriate for whom: promoters or beneficiaries? In Jean-Claude, B.; Silvia, H.; Eileen, H. (Eds.). Technologies for sustainable development: a way to reduce poverty?. Proceedings of 2012 Conference of the EPFL-UNESCO Chair in Technologies for Development, Lausanne, Switzerland, 29-31 May 2012. London, UK: Springer. pp.73-84.
Smallholders ; Irrigation ; Pumps ; Technology ; Irrigation equipment ; Non governmental organizations ; Investment ; Farmers / India / North Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H046100)
Fifteen years after the successful introduction of treadle pumps for small farm irrigation in the North Bengal region of India, the socio-economic and technological landscape has changed dramatically. However, donors have continued to support treadle pump programs. Revisiting the factors that contributed to its initial success, the authors in this paper examine whether the use of treadle pumps continues to be an appropriate technology for smallholder irrigation. The results suggest that treadle pumps, when introduced during the mid-1990s, were successful because of a near technological vacuum at that time. Over the years, with the advent of small affordable diesel engines, motorized pumps have become widely available and a large rental market for water and pumping equipment has emerged. The farmers started abandoning the treadle pumps. Growing labor scarcity, rising labor wages, and increasing concerns over drudgery also dissuaded farmers from using the labor-intensive treadle pumps. The study reaffirms that the adoption of a technology is a dynamic process and that a technology that was appropriate at one point in time will not necessarily remain so at other times. It underlines the need for regularly revisiting technology choices and independent monitoring to understand better the changing landscapes of smallholder irrigation. This will ensure that the technologies desired most by beneficiaries—not just by promoters—get the support and promotional backing of the donors and governments for effective poverty reduction.
18 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Ranganathan, C. R.; Sureshkumar, D.; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2014. Enhancing the crop yield through capacity building programs: application of double difference method for evaluation of drip capacity building program in Tamil Nadu State, India. Agricultural Sciences, 5(1):33-42. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2014.51003]
Drip irrigation ; Capacity building ; Crop yield ; Water use efficiency ; Farmers ; Bananas ; Sugarcane ; Turmeric / India / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046257)
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=41843
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046257.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046257.pdf
(0.23 MB)
A capacity building program on drip irrigation (TNDRIP) was undertaken in certain regions of the Indian State of Tamil Nadu during 2009-2010. An assessment of the impact of the program in terms of effective use of drip irrigation and in-creased crop yields was made in 2011 by ap-plying double difference method (a combination of both with and without and before and after approaches). The results had indicated that the drip capacity building program resulted in a yield increase of 2.5 t/ha for Banana 1, 1.9 t/ha for Banana 2, 3.3 t/ha for sugarcane and 0.3 t/ha for turmeric. The conventional method using the before and after situations had shown a yield increase of 4.3 t/ha for Banana 1, 12.1 t/ha for Banana 2, 40.6 t/ha for sugarcane and 2.6 t/ha for turmeric. The conventional approach is highly upward biased in estimating the impact of the drip capacity building program and thus the double difference method will be an appropriate method to evaluate the impact of the programs that involve both with and without as well as before and after situations.
19 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; Prathapar, Sanmugam A.; Marwah, Madhavi. 2014. Revitalizing canal irrigation: towards improving cost recovery. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 52p. (IWMI Working Paper 160) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.211]
Canal irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Cost recovery ; Farmers ; Irrigation water ; Budgets ; Fund ; Investment ; Efficiency ; Public services / Pakistan / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046620)
(1.12 MB)
Cost recovery from irrigation in almost all the countries presents a dismal picture. Low cost recovery coupled with declining government finances has led to the deterioration of both the quality of the built infrastructure and institutions managing and governing such infrastructure. This has created a vicious circle of low cost recovery, poor maintenance of infrastructure, inadequate and unreliable water supply, inefficient and corrupt institutions, and unwillingness of the farmers to pay. Breaking this vicious circle primarily requires identifying ways to improve availability of financial resources. Improving cost recovery from all users, including irrigators of the water, offers one of the most important avenues for raising financial resources. The present study examines some of the important issues that impinge on improving the cost recovery in canal irrigation, and assesses the feasibility of some of the efforts being made to improve cost recovery in irrigation to revitalize canal irrigation.
20 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2015. Water pricing experiences in India: emerging issues. In Dinar, A.; Pochat, V.; Albiac-Murillo, J. (Eds.). Water pricing experiences and innovations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp.161-180. (Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 9)
Water rates ; Pricing ; Cost recovery ; Multiple use ; Water use efficiency ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Irrigation water ; Groundwater ; Climate change ; Agriculture ; Industrial uses ; Environmental services ; Privatization ; Subsidies ; Population growth ; Case studies / India / Andhra Pradesh / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047095)
(1.89 MB)
The debate on growing water scarcity and the need to use the available water more efficiently among different sectors has once again brought in renewed focus in India. In this debate, a large part of the emphasis has been on the pricing of irrigation water, the sector which accounts for almost 80 % of the total water use but for which water is charged at a fraction of the supply cost. Low water rates, apart from encouraging the inefficient use of water, result in low revenue collections and contribute to the growing burden of government subsidies. Efforts to increase revenue collection through institutional reforms motivated mostly by international lending agencies have yielded mixed results. However, given the increasing demand for water and the resulting competition among sectors, there is scope to price water. In this context, the chapter aims to examine the issues relating to water pricing in India with a case study from Andhra Pradesh.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
