Your search found 8 records
1 SAKTI. 2006. The Godavari primer: an essential guide to understanding the debate on the utilization of the Godavari waters and resources. Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, India: SAKTI. 56p.
Water management ; Rivers ; Reservoirs ; Water use ; Irrigation schemes ; Trickle irrigation / India / Godavari River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.483 G635 SAK Record No: H043931)
(0.74 MB) (752KB)
2 James, L G. 1993. Principles of farm irrigation system design. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley. 543p.
Irrigation requirements ; Irrigation scheduling ; Farms ; Irrigation systems ; Sprinkler irrigation ; Trickle irrigation ; Surface irrigation ; Irrigation water ; Evapotranspiration ; Water quality ; Water law ; Pumps ; Spacing ; Discharges ; Mathematical models ; Soil water content ; Infiltration
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.587 G000 JAM Record No: H045974)
(0.56 MB)
3 Zagaria, C.; Schulp, C. J. E.; Malek, Z.; Verburg, P. H. 2023. Potential for land and water management adaptations in Mediterranean croplands under climate change. Agricultural Systems, 205:103586. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103586]
Climate change ; Water management ; Land management ; Farmland ; Drought ; Heat stress ; Conservation agriculture ; Trickle irrigation ; Precipitation ; Socioeconomic aspects / Mediterranean Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051600)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X22002220/pdfft?md5=44e2c8f5276e1e497ce52d8c212f2a31&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X22002220-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051600.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051600.pdf
(2.02 MB) (2.02 MB)
CONTEXT: The Mediterranean Basin has been identified as a climate change “hotspot”, a region where increased warming and drying are expected to occur at rates faster than the global average. Increasing scientific attention has therefore been drawn to the repercussions of climate change for the Mediterranean's diverse and valued agricultural sector. The extent to which these repercussions vary throughout the region, owing both to a non-uniform distribution of climatic hazards and to uneven adaptive capacities of farmers, remains however unquantified.
OBJECTIVE: We hereby provide a comprehensive spatial assessment of the potential to implement different farm-based land and water management adaptations across the Mediterranean's croplands, and evaluate the extent to which different regions see a match or a mismatch between areas of adaptation need and areas of adaptation capacity.
METHODS: This approach made use of spatial multi-criteria analysis to evaluate the suitability of different farm adaptations, and relied on the Ecocrop climate suitability model and climate data on changing duration or frequency of extremes to identify areas of adaptation need under a high-end climate change scenario. The adaptations explored in this work span a range of sustainable approaches addressing different components of the farming system (soil-based, water-based, and crop-based adaptations). For each sub-system, we compared the potential to implement an adaptation representing an incremental change vs. one involving greater transformation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate a worsening of climatic conditions for all croplands in the region, and particularly within the Mediterranean extents of Egypt, Turkey, Greece, Spain, Morocco, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Israel. In more than half of these countries, >60% of highly affected Mediterranean areas, on average, see no tangible potential to implement adaptations. Importantly, potentials for adaptation, and particularly of transformational adaptations having the greatest hypothesized capacity to buffer against the effects of climate change, are found to be lower within areas where the most adverse climate change hazards are forecast to occur.
SIGNIFICANCE: For regions found to be approaching so-called limits to adaptation, this research contributes to growing calls for consideration of more transformational options, alongside the opportunities and sacrifices these options entail. For regions where considerable (yet unrealized) adaptation capacity is found to match areas of adaptation need, this paper instead presents a basis for further investigation on how to bridge adaptation capacity and preparedness.
OBJECTIVE: We hereby provide a comprehensive spatial assessment of the potential to implement different farm-based land and water management adaptations across the Mediterranean's croplands, and evaluate the extent to which different regions see a match or a mismatch between areas of adaptation need and areas of adaptation capacity.
METHODS: This approach made use of spatial multi-criteria analysis to evaluate the suitability of different farm adaptations, and relied on the Ecocrop climate suitability model and climate data on changing duration or frequency of extremes to identify areas of adaptation need under a high-end climate change scenario. The adaptations explored in this work span a range of sustainable approaches addressing different components of the farming system (soil-based, water-based, and crop-based adaptations). For each sub-system, we compared the potential to implement an adaptation representing an incremental change vs. one involving greater transformation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate a worsening of climatic conditions for all croplands in the region, and particularly within the Mediterranean extents of Egypt, Turkey, Greece, Spain, Morocco, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Israel. In more than half of these countries, >60% of highly affected Mediterranean areas, on average, see no tangible potential to implement adaptations. Importantly, potentials for adaptation, and particularly of transformational adaptations having the greatest hypothesized capacity to buffer against the effects of climate change, are found to be lower within areas where the most adverse climate change hazards are forecast to occur.
SIGNIFICANCE: For regions found to be approaching so-called limits to adaptation, this research contributes to growing calls for consideration of more transformational options, alongside the opportunities and sacrifices these options entail. For regions where considerable (yet unrealized) adaptation capacity is found to match areas of adaptation need, this paper instead presents a basis for further investigation on how to bridge adaptation capacity and preparedness.
4 Sanga, U.; Koli, U. 2023. Mental models of sustainable groundwater management among farmers in semi-arid regions of Maharashtra, India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 21:100904. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2023.100904]
Sustainability ; Groundwater management ; Farmers ; Models ; Agroclimatic zones ; Semiarid zones ; Water scarcity ; Droughts ; Groundwater extraction ; Conflicts ; Water supply ; Water conservation ; Trickle irrigation ; Non-governmental organizations ; Water policies / India / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051691)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352801X23000048/pdfft?md5=5f431b6d091599e5d20007197eca0583&pid=1-s2.0-S2352801X23000048-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051691.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051691.pdf
(6.00 MB) (6.00 MB)
Mental models are the dynamic, internal cognitive representations of people's interaction with the world. Such models can be used to gain insights into how humans structure their beliefs and actions about environmental issues. This research paper aims to understand the mental models of sustainable groundwater management among farmers in semi-arid regions of Maharashtra, India. Using a mixed method approach of qualitative interviews and systems mapping, we assess how past experiences with drought and water scarcity have influenced farmers' beliefs, perceptions, and actions and develop mental models that highlight the dynamic processes that guide farmer actions regarding groundwater use and management. We identify policy triggers that can nudge farmers toward sustainable groundwater management in the future. Our results reveal three key insights: i) Farmers who experience higher water scarcity have a higher desire for groundwater conservation and higher consciousness towards future groundwater sustainability, ii) Farmers' actions towards either increased groundwater extraction or conservation are shaped by complex social, environmental, and institutional dynamics rather than self-interested individual will, and iii) Supply-driven water policies and initiatives can lead to maladaptive outcomes such as an increase in groundwater extraction in the long run. Current water policies need a transformative shift from focusing on short-term groundwater supply to those that facilitate long-term sustainable groundwater management by influencing the norms, values, and behavior toward groundwater conservation. Future interventions that allow and encourage collective mobilization, enhanced ownership and participation, adequate training, financial resources, and decentralized management structures with enhanced accountability are likely to be more effective in developing long-term solutions for sustainable groundwater management.
5 Meena, R. P.; Karnam, V.; Sujatha, H. T.; Tripathi, S. C.; Singh, G. 2023. Practical approaches to enhance water productivity at the farm level in Asia: a review. Irrigation and Drainage, 24p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2891]
Microirrigation ; Trickle irrigation ; Irrigation scheduling ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation methods ; Conservation agriculture ; Water productivity ; Water use efficiency ; Water scarcity ; Water resources ; Crop management ; Crop production ; Cropping systems ; Crop yield ; Water conservation ; Water footprint ; Evaporation ; Soil moisture / Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052267)
(1.81 MB)
The global population is constantly increasing, reached 8 billion in November 2022 and is expected to reach 9 billion by 2037. This increased population is expected to increase the demand for food, clothing and shelter, which in turn are heavily dependent on limited water resources. The available freshwater resources for agricultural use are further declining due to overexploitation and changing climate in the major food baskets of the world. This increasing water scarcity is exacerbated by expanding cities due to increasing urbanization. This calls for a new look at the allocation of water to agriculture. Therefore, the development of new strategies to improve agricultural water use may serve as an important adaptation strategy. This review attempts to include a comprehensive review of the literature on (i) the status and definition of water productivity and (ii) factors responsible for low water productivity (WP) in Asian agriculture. Furthermore, it contains practical approaches to enhance water use efficiency at the farm level covering all field crops and a range of soil types, which include (i) agronomic interventions; (ii) genetic interventions, such as the identification and cultivation of crop cultivars with high WP; and (iii) genotype, environment and crop management interactions for higher WP.
6 Xu, H.; Yang, R.; Song, J. 2023. Water rights reform and water-saving irrigation: evidence from China. Water Science and Technology, 88(11):2779–2792. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2023.385]
Water rights ; Reforms ; Water conservation ; Drip irrigation ; Trickle irrigation ; Agricultural production ; Agricultural water use ; Water productivity ; Water extraction ; Grain crops ; Cash crops ; Water scarcity ; Water resources ; Land area ; Cultivated land ; Precipitation / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052441)
https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-pdf/88/11/2779/1340235/wst088112779.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052441.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052441.pdf
(0.60 MB) (612 KB)
As a market-based water resource management, the water rights reform (WRR) will allocate water rights to water users and allow water users to trade water rights, which can realize the reallocation across water users. In this context, the adoption of water-saving irrigation (WSI) is an important technical form to adapt to the reform. Based on this, this paper studies the impacts of the WRR on WSI using the difference-in-differences (DID) strategy. The results show that the WRR could increase the land area for WSI by an average of 13.63%. The WRR could promote the expansion of high-efficiency irrigation mainly because the WRR could promote the expansion of spray and drip irrigation areas, and micro-irrigation land areas, which are high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technologies. In addition, the WRR also could improve agricultural production by increasing agricultural water productivity and planting area (including the sown area of grain crops and cash crops), but the WRR does not reduce agricultural water extraction. Therefore, the WRR could increase agricultural production without increasing agricultural water extraction.
7 Cetin, O.; Fayrap, A.; Yolcu, R. 2024. Sustainability and modernization of agricultural irrigation: a comparative assessment of two irrigation schemes. Irrigation and Drainage, 73(1):284-293. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2878]
Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Modernization ; Sustainability ; Water productivity ; Water conservation ; Surface irrigation ; Trickle irrigation ; Sprinkler irrigation ; Water use ; Crops / Turkiye / Ergani Irrigation Scheme / Devegecidi Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052614)
(0.46 MB)
In this study, two different irrigation schemes in Turkey were evaluated. One is Devegeçidi irrigation, which was put into operation in 1972. The command area is 5800 ha, and farmers used surface irrigation. Ergani irrigation, a modern irrigation scheme using drip and/or sprinkler irrigation systems with an irrigation area of 1866 ha, was put into operation in 2021. The average total water use (TWU), irrigation efficiency (IE), water economic productivity (WEP) and net income (NI) were 11,728 m3 ha-1, 45%, $0.21 m-3 and $2354 ha-1 in the Devegecidi irrigation, respectively, and all the same criteria results were 6189 m3 ha-1, 81%, $0.78 m-3 and $4789 ha-1 in the Ergani irrigation, respectively. In addition, irrigation water productivities (IWPs) in wheat, cotton and corn for the Devegeçidi irrigation were 0.78, 0.47 and 1.21 kg m-3, while those values were 0.89, 0.89 and 2.26 kg m-3 in the Ergani irrigation scheme, respectively. The study results show that the modernization of irrigation systems is significantly important in saving irrigation water and increasing the income of farmers and water productivity. These indicators can guide decision makers in the modernization of irrigation systems.
8 Eekhout, J. P. C.; Delsman, I.; Baartman, J. E. M.; van Eupen, M.; van Haren, C.; Contreras, S.; Martinez-Lopez, J.; de Vente, J. 2024. How future changes in irrigation water supply and demand affect water security in a Mediterranean catchment. Agricultural Water Management, 279:108818. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108818]
Water security ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Irrigation water ; Irrigated farming ; Nature-based solutions ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Socioeconomic development ; Land-use change ; Land management ; Trickle irrigation ; Precipitation ; Soil moisture ; Drought stress / Mediterranean region / Spain / Campo de Cartagena / Mar Menor
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052773)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377424001537/pdfft?md5=8bea3cca429cb09ae74c812967d56ca8&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377424001537-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052773.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052773.pdf
(3.85 MB) (3.85 MB)
It is likely that climate change will increase irrigation water demand and, consequently, reduces water security in the Mediterranean Basin if current irrigation supply and demand conditions are maintained. Climate change adaptation can be achieved by (1) decreasing irrigation water demand through more efficient irrigation techniques, (2) increasing irrigation water supply by adopting new technological advances, (3) converting to rainfed agriculture, and (4) implementation of Nature-based Solutions for water retention. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different combinations of these adaptation options on water security through analysis of contrasting scenarios of socio-economic development. We defined plausible scenarios of climate change, land use change and adaptation measures for an intensively irrigated catchment in south-eastern Spain under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP), representing different storylines of socio-economic development. We considered three SSP scenarios, including the Sustainability pathway (SSP1), the Middle of the Road pathway (SSP2) and the Fossil-fueled Development pathway (SSP5). Future land use distributions were obtained with the iClue land use change model by accounting for differences in irrigation water demand and supply, resulting in a decrease (SSP1), a constant (SSP2) and an increase (SSP5) in irrigated agriculture. The impact of each scenario on a series of water security indicators was quantified using the SPHY-MMF hydrology-soil erosion model. The SSP2 scenario, which considers very limited climate change adaptation, projects the most severe impacts on water security, including an increase in plant water stress, flood discharge, hillslope erosion and sediment yield. Under SSP1, which accounts for most climate change adaptation strategies, irrigation water demand is significantly reduced due to a shift from irrigated to rainfed agriculture and the implementation of reduced deficit irrigation, while Nature-based Solutions reduce the impact on other water security indicators. Under SSP5, a conversion from rainfed to irrigated agriculture causes a significant increase in irrigation water demand, which is met by increasing irrigation water supply from desalination. SSP5 shows intermediate impacts on other water security indicators, which is explained by a strong decrease in annual precipitation. This study helps exploring how different future socio-economic pathways affect water security and thereby supports evidence-based policy development.
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