Your search found 5 records
1 Seidu, R.; Drechsel, Pay; Amoah, Philip; Lofman, Owe; Heistad, Arve; Fodge, Madeliene; Jenssen, P.; Stenstrom, T. A.. 2008. Quantitative microbial risk assessment of wastewater and faecal sludge reuse in Ghana. In Hazel, J. (Ed.). Proceedings of the 33rd WEDC International Conference on Access to Sanitation and Safe Water: Global Partnerships and Local Actions, Accra, Ghana, 7-11 April 2008. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). pp.90-97.
Wastewater irrigation ; Excreta ; Faeces ; Vegetables ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Assessment ; Ascaris ; Rotavirus / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G200 SEI Record No: H041285)
2 Seidu, R.; Heistad, A.; Amoah, Philip; Drechsel, Pay; Jenssen, P. D.; Stenstrom, T. A.. 2008. Quantification of the health risk associated with wastewater reuse in Accra, Ghana: a contribution toward local guidelines. Journal of Water and Health, 6(4):461-471. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2008.118]
Wastewater irrigation ; Health hazards ; Assessment ; Simulation models ; Rotavirus ; Ascaris ; Farmers ; Consumers ; Water quality ; Irrigation water ; Polluted soil ; Lettuces / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G200 SEI Record No: H041489)
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) models with 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations were applied to ascertain the risks of rotavirus and Ascaris infections for farmers using different irrigation water qualities and consumers of lettuce irrigated with the different water qualities after allowing post-harvest handling. A tolerable risk (TR) of infection of 7.7 £ 1024 and 1 £ 1022 per person per year were used for rotavirus and Ascaris respectively. The risk of Ascaris infection was within a magnitude of 1022 for farmers accidentally ingesting drain or stream irrigation water; ,100 for farmers accidentally ingesting farm soil and 100 for farmers ingesting any of the irrigation waters and contaminated soil. There was a very low risk (1025) of Ascaris infection for farmers using pipe 2 water. For consumers, the annual risks of Ascaris and rotavirus infections were 100 and 1023 for drain and stream irrigated lettuce respectively with slight increases for rotavirus infections along the post-harvest handling chain. Pipe irrigated lettuce recorded a rotavirus infection of 1024 with no changes due to post harvest handling. The assessment identified on-farm soil contamination as the most significant health hazard.
3 Richert, A.; Gensch, R.; Jonsson, H.; Stenstrom, T. A.; Dagerskog, L. 2010. Practical guidance on the use of urine in crop production. Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) 54p. (Stockholm Environment Institute, EcoSanRes Series, 2010-1)
Nitrogen fertilizers ; Liquid fertilizers ; Urine ; Crop production ; Guidelines ; Best practices ; Sanitation ; Risk management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.84 G000 RIC Record No: H043158)
http://sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Air-land-water-resources/ecosan-urine-in-crops-100824%20web.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043158.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043158.pdf
(1.66 MB) (1.66 MB)
This book gives practical guidance on the use of urine in crop production as a vital component of sustainable crop production and sanitation systems. It also includes guidance on how to start activities that will facilitate the introduction of new fertilizers to the agricultural community. The handbook should help in establishing links between research and professionals interested in implementation of sustainable sanitation systems. It is easy to read and informative, with examples from case studies and hints on further reading for those interested.
4 Cisse, G.; Medlicott, K.; Stenstrom, T.A.; Winkler, M.; Strande, L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2012. Sanitation safety plans for safe management and valorization of faecal sludge [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the Second International Faecal Sludge Management Conference, Durban, South Africa, 29 October - 1 November 2012. 1p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045511)
http://www.pid.co.za/index.php/abstracts2/175-cisse-sanitation-safety-plans-for-safe-management-and-valorization-of-faecal-sludge-
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045511.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045511.pdf
(0.07 MB)
5 Seidu, R.; Lofman, O.; Drechsel, Pay; Stenstrom, T. A.. 2013. Risk factor analysis of diarrhoeal disease incidence in faecal sludge-applying farmers’ households in Tamale, Ghana. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 3(2):134-143. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.042]
Sewage sludge ; Excreta ; Agriculture ; Diarrhoea ; Risk analysis ; Households ; Farmers ; Statistical analysis ; Socioeconomic environment / Ghana / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045758)
(0.27 MB)
This study assesses the effect of risk factors and their inter-related mediation on diarrhoeal disease incidence in households applying faecal sludge in agricultural fields in Tamale, Ghana. Risk factors were assigned to three inter-related blocks: distal socio-economic, proximal public and domestic domains. The study involved 1,431 individuals living in 165 faecal sludge-applying households followed bi-weekly for 12 months. The incidence rate of diarrhoeal disease in the sludge-applying households was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.78–1.23) diarrhoeal episodes per person year at risk. Risk factors for diarrhoeal disease transmission in the public domain included sludge drying time (population attributable fraction (PAF) of 6%) and distance covered to collect water (PAF¼ 18%). The main distal socio-economic risk factor was wealth status (PAF¼ 15%). In the domestic domain, the risk factor significantly associated with diarrhoeal disease transmission was, not washing hands with soap after defecation (PAF ¼ 18%). About 17% of the effect of sludge drying time (including distance to water facilities) was mediated by the domestic domain risk factors. The study recommends risk management strategies in sludge-applying households that address public and domestic domain risk factors in addition to specific farm level interventions.
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