Your search found 3 records
1 Van-Rooijen, Daniel J.; Turral, Hugh; Biggs, T. W.. 2009. Urban and industrial water use in the Krishna Basin, India. Irrigation and Drainage, 58(4):406-428. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.439]
River basins ; Water use ; Domestic water ; Urbanization ; Industrialization ; Water power ; Energy ; Electricity supplies ; Irrigation water ; Models ; Impact assessment ; Water demand ; Water use efficiency / India / Krishna River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G635 VAN Record No: H041493)
(0.33 MB)
Regional urbanization and industrial development require water that may put additional pressure on available water resources and threaten water quality in developing countries. In this study we use a combination of census statistics, case studies, and a simple model of demand growth to assess current and future urban and industrial water demand in the Krishna Basin in southern India.Water use in this ‘‘closed’’ basin is dominated by irrigation (61.9 billion cubic metres (BCM) yr1) compared to a modest domestic and industrialwater use (1.6 and 3.2BCMyr1). Totalwater diversion for non-irrigation purposes is estimated at 7–8% of available surface water in the basin in an average year. Thermal power plants use the majority of water used by industries (86% or 2.7 BCM yr1), though only 6.8% of this is consumed via evaporation. Simple modelling of urban and industrial growth suggests that non-agricultural water demand will range from 10 to 20 BCM by 2030. This is 14–28% of basin water available surface water for an average year and 17–34% for a year with 75% dependable flow. Although water use in the Krishna Basin will continue to be dominated by agriculture, water stress, and the fraction of water supplies at risk of becoming polluted by urban and industrial activity, will become more severe in urbanized regions in dry years.
2 Biggs, T. W.; Gangadhara Rao, Parthasaradhi; Bharati, Luna. 2010. Mapping agricultural responses to water supply shocks in large irrigation systems, southern India. Agricultural Water Management, 97(6):924-932. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.01.027]
Irrigation programs ; Water allocation ; Drought ; River basins ; Reservoir storage ; Remote sensing ; Mapping ; Rice ; Crop management / India / Krishna River Basin / Godavari River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042745)
(1.21 MB)
Irrigated agriculture experienced a water supply shock during a drought in southern India in 2002–2003. In this paper, hotspots of agricultural change were mapped and put in the context of hydrology and water management. Time series of MODIS imagery taken every eight days before (2001–2002) and during (2002–2003) the supply shock were combined with agricultural census data to document changes in cropping patterns in four large irrigation projects in the downstream sections of the Krishna and Godavari River basins (total command area 18,287km2). The area cropped in rice in the four irrigated command areas decreased by 32% during the drought year, and rice production in the two districts that experienced the largest flow reductions fell below production levels of 1980. The irrigation project that showed the largest change in double cropped area (-90%) was upstream of the Krishna Delta. In the Krishna Delta, large areas changed from rice–rice to rice–gram double cropping. Historical water management contributed to the vulnerability of rice production to drought: the main reservoir in the system was drained to dead storage levels by the end of each growing season over 1968–2000, with little carryover storage. The land cover change maps suggested that the lower Krishna Basin has experienced a “hard landing” during basin closure, and revised management strategies that account for the new flow regime will be required to maintain agricultural production during droughts.
3 Van-Rooijen, Daniel J.; Biggs, T. W.; Smout, I.; Drechsel, Pay. 2010. Urban growth, wastewater production and use in irrigated agriculture: a comparative study of Accra, Addis Ababa and Hyderabad. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 24(1-2):53-64 (Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10795-009-9089-3]
Wastewater irrigation ; Water balance ; Water scarcity ; Urban agriculture ; Developing countries / Ghana / Ethiopia / India / Accra / Addis Ababa / Hyderabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H042832)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/e749744553628469/fulltext.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042832.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042832.pdf
(0.22 MB)
The relationships between urban development, water resources management and wastewater use for irrigation have been studied in the cities of Accra in Ghana, Addis Ababa in Ethiopia and Hyderabad in India. Large volumes of water are extracted from water sources often increasingly far away from the city, while investments in wastewater management are often lagging behind. The resulting environmental degradation within and downstream of cities has multiple consequences for public health, in particular through the use of untreated wastewater in irrigated agriculture. Despite significant efforts to increase wastewater treatment, options for safeguarding public health via conventional wastewater treatment alone remain limited to smaller inner-urban watersheds. The new WHO guidelines for wastewater irrigation recognize this situation and emphasize the potential of post- or non-treatment options. Controlling potential health risks will allow urban water managers in all three cities to build on the benefits from the already existing (but largely informal) wastewater reuse, those being the contribution to food security and reduction of fresh water demands.
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