Your search found 24 records
1 Poesen, J.; Nachtergaele, J.; Verstraeten, G.; Valentin, Christian. 2003. Gully erosion and environmental change: importance and research needs. Catena, 50(2-4):91-133.
Water erosion ; Soil erosion ; Erosion control ; Soil degradation ; Environmental control ; Climate change ; Land use ; Infiltration ; Drainage ; Models
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.45 G000 POE Record No: H038785)
2 Santos, F. L.; Serralheiro, R. P.; Melhorado, F. S.; Oliveira, M. R. 1998. Control of furrow erosion and infiltration on a Mediterranean soil using polyacrylamide. In Pereira, L. S.; Gowing, J. W. (Eds.). Water and the environment: Innovation issues in irrigation and drainage: Selected papers of the 1st Inter-Regional Conference “Environment-Water: Innovative Issues in Irrigation and Drainage,” Lisbon, Portugal, Sept. 1998. London, UK: E & FN Spon. pp.84-91.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G000 PER Record No: H039021)
3 Toan, T. D.; Orange, Didier; Podwojewski, Pascal; Phai, D. D.; Phien, T. 2003. Erosion control within a cultivated sloping land in North Vietnam. Paper presented at China Symposium 2 – Soil quality and evolution mechanism and sustainable use of soil resources, ISSAS, Yingtan, Jiangxi Province, China, September 23-28, 2003. 16p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.45 G784 TOA Record No: H039290)
4 Rodriguez, R. 2001. The Watershed Conservation and Management Project, Yaracuy, Yaracuy and Bocono River Basins: learning the hard way. In Biswas, A. K.; Tortajada, C. (Eds.). Integrated river basin management: the Latin American Experience. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. pp.199-213.
Watershed management ; River basin management ; Erosion control ; Legislation ; Development projects ; Extension / Venezuela / Yaracuy River Basin / Yaracuy River Basin / Bocono River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.9162 G302 BIS Record No: H040931)
5 Critchley, W.; Negi, G.; Brommer, M. 2008. Local innovation in ‘green water’ management. In Bossio, Deborah; Geheb, Kim (Eds.). Conserving land, protecting water. Wallingford, UK: CABI; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water & Food. pp.107-119. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 6)
Rainwater ; Mulching ; Cultivation ; Tillage ; Domestic gardens ; Terraces ; Erosion control ; Fertigation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G000 BOS Record No: H041596)
(347KB)
6 Planchon, O.; Orange, Didier; Pierret, Alain; Boonsanner, A.; Nguyen, D. P.; Sengtaheuanghoung, O.; Valentin, Christian. 2008. Relevance and feasibility of PES to combat soil erosion and solve catchment management issues in the Mekong Region. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.3. Water benefits sharing for poverty alleviation and conflict management; Drivers and processes of change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.69-74.
Erosion control ; Soil conservation ; Catchment areas ; Watershed management ; Environmental management ; Environmental protection ; User charges ; Farmers ; Stakeholders ; Sloping land ; Crop production ; Case studies / South East Asia / Vietnam / Thailand / Laos / Mekong Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041852)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3708/IFWF2_proceedings_Volume%20III.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041852.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041852.pdf
(0.15 MB)
7 Salas, J. C. 2009. Rainwater harvesting providing adaptation opportunities to climate change. In Barron, J. (Ed.). Rainwater harvesting: a lifeline for human well-being. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP Division of Environmental Policy Implementation; Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute. pp.56-62.
Water harvesting ; Rainwater ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Water supply ; Domestic water ; Drinking water ; Pollution control ; Erosion control / Australia / Germany / India / Philippines
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042288)
http://www.unep.org/Themes/Freshwater/PDF/Rainwater_Harvesting_090310b.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042288.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042288.pdf
(0.30 MB)
8 Kheoruenromne, I.; Riddell, J. A.; Soitong, K. (Eds.) 2004. Proceedings of SSWM 2004 International Conference on Innovative Practices for Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 5-9 September 2004. Bangkok, Thailand: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Department of Agricultural Extension. 400p.
Watershed management ; Sloping land ; Land conservation ; Erosion control ; Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Crop production ; Farmers ; Decision support systems ; Training / Asia / China / South East Asia / Indonesia / Thailand / Vietnam / Cambodia / Philippines / Laos
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G570 KHE Record No: H043681)
(0.47 MB)
9 Barker, D. H.; Watson, A. J.; Sombatpanit, S.; Northcutt, B.; Maglinao, Amado R.; Ang, T. M. (Eds.) 2004. Ground and water bioengineering for erosion control and slope stabilization. Enfield, NH, USA: Science Publishers. 419p.
Biotechnology ; Watershed management ; Water conservation ; Erosion control ; Sloping land ; Soil stabilization ; Soil conservation ; Soil fertility ; Humid tropics ; Ecosystems ; Vegetation ; Root systems ; Nitrogen fixing trees ; Hedging plants ; Terrace cropping ; Mulching ; Indigenous knowledge ; Cultural methods ; Forest fires ; Highlands ; Dams ; Rivers ; Sedimentation ; Mudstone ; Granite soils ; Volcanic soils ; Mine spoil ; Landslides ; Hurricanes ; Sustainability ; Smallholders ; Cropping systems ; Cassava ; Road construction ; Case studies / Asia Pacific Region / USA / Philippines / China / Hong Kong / Nepal / India / Sri Lanka / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Vanuatu / Indonesia / South Western Taiwan / Korea / Papua New Guinea / South Africa / Maharashtra / Mangala Dam / Halsema Highway / Subic Freeport Expressway / Kosong / Rabaul
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 624.151363 G000 BAR Record No: H047280)
(0.43 MB)
10 Addisie, M. B.; Ayele, G. K.; Gessesse, A. A.; Tilahun, S. A.; Zegeye, A. D.; Moges, M.; Schmitter, Petra; Langendoen, E. J.; Steenhuis, T. S. 2015. Reducing surface and subsurface water flow effect on gullies through low cost measures [Abstract only] Paper presented at the 10th Alexander von Humboldt Conference 2015 on Water-Food-Energy River and Society in the Tropics. EGU Topical Conference Series, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18-20 November 2015. 1p.
Surface water ; Groundwater ; Flow discharge ; Gully erosion ; Erosion control ; Watersheds ; Water table ; Cost analysis ; Soil properties ; Case studies / Ethiopia / Amhara State / Birr Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047331)
(0.04 MB)
Gully erosion in the humid Ethiopian highlands intensified in recent decades. The study was conducted in the Birr watershed located south west of Bahir Dar the capital of Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. We studied 14 gullies having similar morphology at three sub watersheds. The watershed covers a total area of 414 ha. The monitoring continued over the 2013 to 2014 monsoon season to better understand the factors controlling gully erosion and the effectiveness of erosion control structures. Perched ground water table was measured at the gully heads and erosion pins were installed to monitor the rate of recession from uncontrolled heads. Though soil properties, ground cover, gully morphology had small contribution for the gully development; water fall effect at the head of the gully and elevated water table depth at both heads and banks played the key role. Therefore the study focused on reducing the water fall and elevated water table effect by applying two low cost gully control approaches. The first approach was regrading the gully heads and banks at 45o and the second approach follows regrading the gully heads at 45o and putting a graded type of stone rip rap. Large stones were anchored at the toe of the head maintaining the stable gully bed slope. The result shows that unprotected gully heads retreat an average of 4m which is equivalent to 37m3 volume of soil loss. The maximum and minimum head cut retreat was between 0 and 22.5m. The total area damaged by annual gully head retreat was 240m2 and total volume of soil lost was 444m3. The treated gully heads did not show any retreat during the monitoring period. Compared with simple reshaping of gully heads, integration with Stone rip rap was an effective and low cost measure in the study watershed. Plantation could not stop the upslope migration of heads though it had the potential to trap sediments down slope. Heads with stone rip rap allows fast re vegetation whereas unprotected reshaped heads and banks took longer time to re vegetate and stabilized. Time of reshaping was important for the stability of banks and heads.
11 Ashraf, M.; Bhatti, Muhammad Tousif; Shakir, A. S. 2016. River bank erosion and channel evolution in sand-bed braided reach of River Chenab: role of floods during different flow regimes. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9(2):1-10. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2114-y]
Riverbank protection ; Erosion control ; Flooding ; Landsat ; Imagery ; Sand ; Open channels ; Monsoon climate ; Flow discharge ; Stream flow ; Environmental protection / Pakistan / Chenab River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047488)
(5.03 MB)
Braided reaches of large rivers in alluvial plains show major morphological changes, particularly the external bank erosion, due to the flood events. This paper highlights the bank erosion and channel evolution induced by eleven different flood events in a 7-km long reach of the River Chenab, Pakistan. The impact of floods on river bank erosion and channel evolution is analyzed under low and high flow conditions. Flood-induced changes, for river’s external banks and channel evolution, were assessed by processing Landsat ETM+ images in ArcGIS tool, and their inter-relationship is evaluated through regression analysis. The results revealed that the major morphological changes were triggered by the flood events occurred during the high flow or Monsoon season (July–September), whereas the flood events of similar magnitude occurring during low flow season (October–March) did not induce such changes. Mostly, the erosion remained limited to the middle part of the reach,where the branch channel flows along the bank. The average annual bank erosion rates are much higher as compared with a global scale. Data analysis showed a strong correlation between the mean high flows and total bank erosion indicating that Monsoon seasonal flows and floods are responsible for bank erosion. The present study further identifies the river bank locations highly susceptible to erosion by developing the correlation between bank erosion and branch channel progression. Strong correlation for bank erosion could be established with the shift of branch channels position flowing along the banks in braided reaches of sand bed rivers. However, the presence of sand bars along the river banks resulted in reduced erosion that weakens this relationship. The findings of the present study can help develop better understanding about the bank erosion process and constitute a key element to inform and improve river bank management.
12 Kpadonou, R. A. B.; Owiyo, T.; Barbier, B.; Denton, F.; Rutabingwa, F.; Kiema, A. 2017. Advancing climate-smart-agriculture in developing drylands: joint analysis of the adoption of multiple on-farm soil and water conservation technologies in West African Sahel. Land Use Policy, 61:196-207. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.050]
Sustainable agriculture ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Arid zones ; Water conservation ; Soil conservation ; Soil fertility ; Erosion control ; Technological changes ; Adoption ; Agricultural practices ; Farmer participation ; On farm research ; Policy ; Socioeconomic environment ; Households ; Econometric models ; Case studies / West Africa / Sahel / Burkina Faso
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048054)
(0.58 MB)
Water stress and soil infertility are the greatest constraining factors for higher agricultural productivity in drylands, prompting the current interest in soil and water conservation (SWC) practices in water-constrained regions. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of challenges surrounding the adoption of SWC practices in these regions, we used a joint analysis framework combining both multivariate and ordered probit models to analyze adoption-decisions for eleven on-farm SWC practices. Our case study, involving 500 farmers from a representative West African Sahelian zone, revealed that although the adoption of SWC practices is widespread in the West African drylands, there is still an important potential to improve and upscale their specific adoption rates. Almost all farmers (99%) used at least one of the eleven practices considered in this study, whereas specific adoption rates ranged from 5% for contour vegetation barriers to 87% for manure application. More than 70% of the farmers used up to three practices only, and less than 30% used between four to nine practices. Many practices are interdependent, with some practices being complementary and others substitutable. The analysis of the determinants of the adoption and the intensity of adoption revealed that SWC practices are labor-, knowledge- and capital-intensive. We found that the major drivers of farmers’ decisions to adopt, as well as to intensify the use of, most SWC practices are the presence of children (aged 6 to 14) in the household, land holding, land tenure, awareness and training on SWC and access to alternative – but non-agricultural labor constraining – cash sources such as remittance and cash farming. A higher number of migrating household members increases the probability of intensifying the use of SWC practices, but only when this is in line with the household’s land endowment and labor needs for farm activities. This comprehensive study will be of significance for a finer understanding of SWC practices in West African Sahel. More generally, it will likely help policy makers to upscale the adoption of sustainable SWC practices for the advance of climate-smart agriculture in developing drylands.
13 Tamene, L.; Adimassu, Zenebe; Ellison, J.; Yaekob, D.; Woldearegay, K.; Mekonnen, K.; Thorne, P.; Bao Le, Q. 2017. Mapping soil erosion hotspots and assessing the potential impacts of land management practices in the highlands of Ethiopia. Geomorphology, 292:153-163. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.04.038]
Land management ; Land degradation ; Highlands ; Soils ; Erosion ; Sediment transport ; Erosion control ; Models ; Participatory approaches ; Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Slopes ; Gully erosion ; Cultivated land ; Grazing lands ; Spatial distribution / Ethiopia / Basona District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048134)
An enormous effort is underway in Ethiopia to address soil erosion and restore overall land productivity. Modelling and participatory approaches can be used to delineate erosion hotspots, plan site- and context-specific interventions and assess their impacts. In this study, we employed a modelling interface developed based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation adjusted by the sediment delivery ratio to map the spatial distribution of net soil loss and identify priority areas of intervention. Using the modelling interface, we also simulated the potential impacts of different soil and water conservation measures in reducing net soil loss. Model predictions showed that net soil loss in the study area ranges between 0.4 and 88 t ha- 1 yr- 1 with an average of 12 t ha- 1 yr- 1. The dominant soil erosion hotspots were associated with steep slopes, gullies, communal grazing and cultivated areas. The average soil loss observed in this study is higher than the tolerable soil loss rate estimated for the highland of Ethiopia. The scenario analysis results showed that targeting hotspot areas where soil loss exceeds 10 t ha- 1 yr- 1 could reduce net soil loss to the tolerable limit (< 2 t ha- 1 yr- 1). The spatial distribution of soil loss and the sediment yield reduction potential of different options provided essential information to guide prioritization and targeting. In addition, the results can help promoting awareness within the local community of the severity of the soil erosion problem and the potential of management interventions. Future work should include cost-benefit and tradeoff analyses of the various management options for achieving a given level of erosion reduction.
14 Addisie, M. B.; Ayele, G. K.; Gessess, A. A.; Tilahun, S. A.; Zegeye, A. D.; Moges, M. M.; Schmitter, Petra; Langendoen, E. J.; Steenhuis, T. S. 2017. Gully head retreat in the sub-humid Ethiopian Highlands: the Ene-Chilala Catchment. Land Degradation and Development, 28(5):1579-1588. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2688]
Gully erosion ; Erosion control ; Humid zones ; Highlands ; Catchment areas ; Sedimentation ; Wet season ; Monitoring ; Soil texture / East Africa / Ethiopia / Ene-Chilala Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048152)
In the northern highlands of Ethiopia, gully erosion is severe. Despite many efforts to implement gully prevention measures, controlling gully erosion remains a challenge. The objective is to better understand the regional gully erosion processes and to prevent gully head retreat. The study was conducted in the Ene-Chilala catchment in the sub-humid headwaters of the Birr River located southwest of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Twelve gully heads were monitored during the 2014 and 2015 rainy monsoon phase. We measured gully head morphology and retreat length, soil shear strength, ground water table levels, and catchment physical characteristics. Two active gully head cuts were treated in 2014 and an additional three head cuts in 2015 by regrading their slope to 45° and covering them with stone riprap. These treatments halted the gully head advance. The untreated gullies were actively eroding due to groundwater at shallow depths. The largest head retreat was 22.5 m, of which about half occurred in August of the first year when the surrounding soil was fully saturated. Lowering both the water table and protecting the gully heads can play a key role in reducing gully expansion and soil loss due to gully erosion in the Ethiopian highlands.
15 Wolka, K.; Sterk, G.; Biazin, B.; Negash, M. 2018. Benefits, limitations and sustainability of soil and water conservation structures in Omo-Gibe Basin, Southwest Ethiopia. Land Use Policy, 73:1-10. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.025]
Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Erosion control ; Bunds ; Repairing ; Benefits ; Sustainability ; Adoption ; Labour ; Socioeconomic environment ; Watersheds / Ethiopia / Omo-Gibe Basin / Bokole Watershed / Toni Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048758)
(0.60 MB)
Different types of soil and water conservation (SWC) structures were introduced to Ethiopia during the last four decades for abating water erosion and sustaining agricultural productivity. This study aimed to determine benefits, limitations and sustainability of SWC structures in the Toni and Bokole watersheds of the Omo Gibe basin. A household survey was conducted on a total of 201 households, which were selected by employing a multistage sampling procedure that covered six rural kebeles.1 Moreover, six focus group discussions were conducted. The results revealed that more than 80% of respondents in Bokole watershed and all respondents in Toni watershed experienced moderate to severe soil erosion. Farmers were selective in accepting and implementing SWC structures depending on the local land characteristics. Stone bunds were widely implemented in Bokole watershed where rock fragments are abundant and Fanya juu and soil bunds were widely practiced in Toni watershed where rock fragments are not available. Owing to labor intensiveness of the SWC structures, more than 82% of respondents in Bokole and 54% in Toni perceived that labor shortage was a challenge for construction and maintenance. More than 74% of the adopter farmers were also concerned about the loss of cultivable land due to the construction of SWC structures. Number of cattle owned (p < 0.05) and having administrative responsibility in the kebele (p < 0.1) significantly and negatively influenced construction of the SWC structures in Bokole watershed. Runoff overtopping, livestock trampling and cultivation practices were mentioned as the causes of damages for the SWC structures in both watersheds. In Bokole watershed, 92% of the respondents indicated that they repaired the broken SWC structures to sustain their benefits. But 62% of respondents in Toni watershed did not repair. The effort of repairing the SWC structures was significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively influenced by farmland area in Bokole watershed and by education level in Toni watershed. The respondents’ preferences of SWC structures, rate of adoption, willingness to repair and factors affecting adoption and repairing were slightly different in Bokole watershed when compared with Toni watershed. Thus, we concluded that effective implementation and sustainability of SWC structures should critically consider the land users’ socio-economic and environmental intricacy.
16 Kassawmar, T.; Gessesse, G. D.; Zeleke, G.; Subhatu, A. 2018. Assessing the soil erosion control efficiency of land management practices implemented through free community labor mobilization in Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 6(2):87-98. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.02.001]
Erosion control ; Watersheds ; Land management ; Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Soil erosion models ; Universal soil loss equation ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Labour ; Communities / Ethiopia / Amhara / Tigray
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048779)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633917302277/pdfft?md5=fcee31b61dafb53dfec1faccc0f338d9&pid=1-s2.0-S2095633917302277-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048779.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048779.pdf
(4.13 MB) (4.13 MB)
This study aimed to assess the influence of conservation practices (P) and cover management (C) on soil loss reduction by determining it at the scale of landscape units in 16 systematically selected watersheds. Focusing on major land management practices implemented through free community labor mobilization, the assessment combined remote sensing techniques, field observation, and expert as well as local knowledge. The results show an average net decrement of 39% ( 7 19%) in the P factor value and 8.9% ( 7 21%) in the C factor value after implementation of land management practices. P factor value reduction is linked to a high area coverage of level structures, while increases in the P factor value are associated with poor quality of structures, inappropriate practices, and wide spacing between structures on steep slopes. C factor value reduction is observed in non-arable shrub- and bushland with enriched area closure, whereas increased C factor values are associated with open access grasslands and untreated croplands. The overall change in P and C factor values resulted in a 42% ( 7 28%) relative soil loss reduction. The demonstrated approach makes it possible to assess spatial and temporal dynamics in the P and C erosion factors and to estimate spatially disaggregated changes in the P and C factor values. This can help to improve parameterization of inputs for erosion modelling and to assess their relative soil loss effect. The approach provides valuable feedback on watershed planning processes and supports informed decisions regarding the appropriate selection of land management practices.
17 Wolka, K.; Mulder, J.; Biazin, B. 2018. Effects of soil and water conservation techniques on crop yield, runoff and soil loss in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Agricultural Water Management, 207:67-79. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.016]
Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Erosion control ; Techniques ; Soil moisture ; Runoff ; Terraces ; Soil organic matter ; Biomass ; Nutrients ; Crop yield ; Socioeconomic environment ; Corporate culture ; Smallholders ; Farmers / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048838)
(1.82 MB)
Soil erosion by water is one of the main causes of land degradation and reduced agricultural productivity in Africa leading to an estimated annual loss in crop yield of 280 million tons. To reverse this problem, various indigenous and recently introduced cross slope barrier soil and water conservation (CSB-SWC) techniques have been implemented. These include Fanya juu1 , soil bunds, stone bunds, bench terraces, vegetative barriers, and tied-ridges. In this review, we analyze and synthesize the results of various studies that focused on the effects of CSB-SWC techniques on runoff, soil loss, soil properties, crop yield, and biomass in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Introduction of various CSB-SWC techniques was found to reduce runoff and soil loss by 13–71% and 39–83%, respectively. More than 80% of the reviewed scientific studies showed a positive effect on crop yield mainly due to retention of nutrients and moisture. The effect of CSB-SWC techniques on crop yield varies with rainfall and slope, with most of the CSB-SWC techniques improving crop yields in low rainfall areas. Fanya juu and soil bunds were effective on relatively gentle slopes while hedgerows and stone bunds were effective even on moderately steep slopes. However, studies across SSA indicate that some CSB-SWC techniques could have negative side effects such as waterlogging. Also, these techniques are associated with the occupation of significant areas of cultivable land. Thus, they require proper design and implementation. In most cases, CSB-SWC techniques are economically feasible, due to improved crop yield and low labor opportunity costs. However, implementation may be hampered by high construction costs, small landholding size, land tenure insecurity, and low short-term benefits. Effectiveness and benefits of CSB-SWC can be improved by their integration with other land management techniques such as soil fertility amendments and conservation tillage.
18 Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Zadeh, S. M.; Turral, H. (Eds.) 2018. More people, more food, worse water?: a global review of water pollution from agriculture. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 224p.
Water pollution ; Agricultural waste management ; Agricultural wastewater ; Food consumption ; Population growth ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Risk management ; Pollutants ; Organic matter ; Pathogens ; Food wastes ; Water quality ; Models ; Farming systems ; Intensification ; Fertilizer application ; Pesticide application ; Aquaculture ; Livestock production ; Nutrient management ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Salts ; Soil salinization ; Irrigation water ; Freshwater ; Public health ; Environmental health ; Water policy ; Sediment ; Erosion control ; Eutrophication ; Lakes ; Reservoirs ; Good agricultural practices ; Economic aspects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048855)
(6.85 MB)
Current patterns of agricultural expansion and intensification are bringing unprecedented environmental externalities, including impacts on water quality. While water pollution is slowly starting to receive the attention it deserves, the contribution of agriculture to this problem has not yet received sufficient consideration.
We need a much better understanding of the causes and effects of agricultural water pollution as well as effective means to prevent and remedy the problem. In the existing literature, information on water pollution from agriculture is highly dispersed. This repost is a comprehensive review and covers different agricultural sectors (including crops, livestock and aquaculture), and examines the drivers of water pollution in these sectors as well as the resulting pressures and changes in water bodies, the associated impacts on human health and the environment, and the responses needed to prevent pollution and mitigate its risks.
We need a much better understanding of the causes and effects of agricultural water pollution as well as effective means to prevent and remedy the problem. In the existing literature, information on water pollution from agriculture is highly dispersed. This repost is a comprehensive review and covers different agricultural sectors (including crops, livestock and aquaculture), and examines the drivers of water pollution in these sectors as well as the resulting pressures and changes in water bodies, the associated impacts on human health and the environment, and the responses needed to prevent pollution and mitigate its risks.
19 Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Albers, J. 2018. On-farm and off-farm responses. In Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Zadeh, S. M.; Turral, H. (Eds.). More people, more food, worse water?: a global review of water pollution from agriculture. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.179-203.
Water pollution ; On-farm research ; Good agricultural practices ; Water management ; Erosion control ; Resource recovery ; Organic fertilizers ; Nutrient management ; Livestock farms ; Grazing systems ; Pesticides ; Aquaculture ; Constructed wetlands ; Riparian zones
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048864)
(692 KB)
20 Fayas, C. M.; Abeysingha, N. S.; Nirmanee, K. G. S.; Samaratunga, D.; Mallawatantri, A. 2019. Soil loss estimation using RUSLE model to prioritize erosion control in Kelani River Basin in Sri Lanka. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 7(2):130-137. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2019.01.003]
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation ; Estimation ; Soil erosion models ; Erosion control ; Land degradation ; Land use mapping ; Land cover mapping ; River basins ; Slope ; Rain ; Runoff / Sri Lanka / Kelani River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049211)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633918301734/pdfft?md5=a3753a3c707e963d96f83f94ed76ed9d&pid=1-s2.0-S2095633918301734-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049211.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049211.pdf
(3.17 MB) (3.17 MB)
Soil erosion contributes negatively to agricultural production, quality of source water for drinking, ecosystem health in land and aquatic environments, and aesthetic value of landscapes. Approaches to understand the spatial variability of erosion severity are important for improving landuse management. This study uses the Kelani river basin in Sri Lanka as the study area to assess erosion severity using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model supported by a GIS system. Erosion severity across the river basin was estimated using RUSLE, a Digital Elevation Model (15 15 m), twenty years rainfall data at 14 rain gauge stations across the basin, landuse and land cover, and soil maps and cropping factors. The estimated average annual soil loss in Kelani river basin varied from zero to 103.7 t ha-1 yr1 , with a mean annual soil loss estimated at 10.9 t ha1 yr1 . About 70% of the river basin area was identified with low to moderate erosion severity (o12 t ha1 yr1 ) indicating that erosion control measures are urgently needed to ensure a sustainable ecosystem in the Kelani river basin, which in turn, is connected with the quality of life of over 5 million people. Use of this severity information developed with RUSLE along with its individual parameters can help to design landuse management practices. This effort can be further refined by analyzing RUSLE results along with Kelani river sub-basins level real time erosion estimations as a monitoring measure for conservation practices.
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