Your search found 17 records
1 Hemakumara, M.; Barker, R.; Droogers, P. (Eds.) 2001. Ruhuna benchmark basin activities: proceedings of the inaugural meeting held at Peacock Beach Hotel, Hambantota, Sri Lanka, 15 June 2001. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). vi, 71p. (IWMI Working Paper 027) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.154]
Water resource management ; River basins ; Case studies ; Productivity ; Planning ; Mapping ; Remote sensing ; Databases ; Wetlands ; Institutions ; Research projects / Sri Lanka / Ruhuna / Walawe / Kirindi Oya / Menik Ganga
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.8 G744 HEM Record No: H028751)
(3396 KB)
This paper presents a Benchmark Basin initiative which was proposed in IWMI's Strategic Plan 2001-2005 as an approach to understand and beneficially influence water resources development in selected basins in a variety of agro-ecological zones.The initial task represented by this workshop is to conduct a dialogue among partners and stakeholders in the Ruhuna Basin,Sri Lanka. A major objective is to identify these issues and research and also development activities considered to be of highest priority to partners and stakeholders.
2 Jayatillake, H. M. 2002. Surface water resources of Ruhunu Basins. In Imbulana, K. A. U. S.; Droogers, P.; Makin, I. W. (Eds.), World Water Assessment Programme Sri Lanka case study, Ruhuna basins: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Koggala Beach Hotel, Sri Lanka, 7-9 April 2002. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI. pp.5-21.
River basins ; Water resources ; Evapotranspiration ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Water demand ; Water use / Sri Lanka / Ruhuna / Walawe Ganga / Kirindi Oya / Menik Ganga / Malala Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G744 IMB Record No: H031109)
3 Senaratne, S. 2002. Water for industry. In Imbulana, K. A. U. S.; Droogers, P.; Makin, I. W. (Eds.), World Water Assessment Programme Sri Lanka case study, Ruhuna basins: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Koggala Beach Hotel, Sri Lanka, 7-9 April 2002. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI. pp.145-161.
Industrialization ; Investment ; Legislation ; Development policy ; River basins ; Water use ; Effluents ; Environmental effects / Sri Lanka / Walawe Ganga / Kirindi Oya / Malala Oya / Menik Ganga
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G744 IMB Record No: H031117)
4 JICA; Sri Lanka. Ministry of Plan Implementation, Ethnic Affairs and National Integration. 1997. The Master Plan Study for Southern Area Development in the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: Final report – Sector report 3 – Water resources. Unpublished report. Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.; International Development Center of Japan; System Science Consultants Inc. v, 60p. + appendix.
National planning ; Development projects ; Regional development ; Water resources development ; River basins ; Water policy ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Water balance ; Watershed management ; Groundwater ; Assessment ; Sanitation ; Runoff ; GIS / Sri Lanka / Galle District / Matara District / Hambantota District / Tissa-Debarawewa / Menik Ganga / Uma Oya / Mau Ara diversion / Weli Oya / Muruthawela / Gin Ganga / Nilwala Ganga
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6237 Record No: H031388)
5 Sri Lanka. National Planning Department. 1993. Menik Ganga River Basin: Assessment of forestry, water and land resources. Unpublished maps. 21p.
Maps ; River basins ; Forestry ; Water resources ; Land resources ; Watersheds ; Catchment areas ; Water budget ; Irrigation programs / Sri Lanka / Menik Ganga
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G744 SRI Record No: H032163)
6 Liyanage, R. 2002. Management of water resource in Menik Ganga Basin. Water Resources Journal, 213:67-74.
Water resource management ; Rivers ; Catchment areas ; Water demand ; Water quality / Sri Lanka / Menik Ganga
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H032102)
7 Liyanage, R. 2002. Demand responsive water supply in Sri Lanka. In Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). Second South Asia Water Forum, 14-16 December 2002, Islamabad, Pakistan. Proceedings, vol.1. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). pp.363-367.
Water demand ; Water supply ; Catchment areas ; Water quality ; Water resource management / Sri Lanka / Menik Ganga
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G570 PAK Record No: H034159)
8 Dharmasena, G. T. 2004. Primary and secondary processing of hydrological data. In Herath, S.; Pathirana, A.; Weerakoon, S. B. (Eds.). Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Changing Environment of the Monsoon Region. Bandaranaika Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 17-19 November 2004. Vol.1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: National Water Resources Secretariat. pp.284-294.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 HER Record No: H039517)
9 Dissanayake, Priyanka; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2007. Environmental and social values of river water: examples from the Menik Ganga, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 15p. (IWMI Working Paper 121) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.304]
Rivers ; Ecosystems ; Wetlands ; Wildlife ; Fisheries ; Water allocation ; Water requirements ; Case studies ; Economic evaluation / Sri Lanka / Menik Ganga / Yala National Park / Yala Fishery Management Area / Pilinnawa Coastal Wetland / Kataragama
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 577.64 G744 DIS Record No: H040566)
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Many decisions on water allocation in river basins are made on economic grounds. Environmental and social benefits of water should also be considered in river basin management, and attempts should be made to value them similarly. This is not a straightforward task and very few studies have directly addressed this issue to date. In this paper, the Menik Ganga (River) in southern Sri Lanka is used as a case study to attempt and evaluate the costs and benefits of environmental water allocations, referred to as ‘environmental flows’ (EF). In this study, a broad definition of EF is used: the components of EF evaluated include the requirements of the religious festival, the requirements of the Yala National Park, the requirements of the Pilinnawa Coastal Wetland and the requirements of the Yala Fishery Management Area, off the coast. Almost all estimates are based on use values of EF such as marketed goods and recreation. For some components multiple estimates have been attempted. The religious EF requirement is estimated using the cost of alternative water supplies. The benefits of the EF requirement for the Yala National Park are estimated using the forgone value of tourism in the dry season and the benefits of avoiding the Human-Elephant Conflict. The Additional expenditure for the park in the dry season is also presented as another proxy estimate of the benefits of EF. The Benefit Transfer method was used for the Pilinnawa Wetland and grassland due to data constraints. The market prices of lobster and income of chank divers are used as proxies for the economic benefits of EF to the Yala Fishery Management Area. Finally, the cumulative value of the individual components is presented and discussed. The paper intends to stimulate discussion and further research on the complex subject of valuing the social and environmental benefits of water – whether it is in the Menik Ganga, elsewhere in Sri Lanka or elsewhere in the world.
10 Bandara, S. M. S. P.; De Silva, R. P. 2006. Geomorphological characteristics of selected watersheds in Sri Lanka. In Dayawansa, N. D. K. (Ed.). Water resources research in Sri Lanka: symposium proceedings of the Water Professional’s Day 2006, Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 1 October 2006. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: University of Peradeniya. Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture (PGIA). pp.153-163.
Watersheds ; Hydrology ; Geomorphology ; Rivers ; Flow ; Climate ; Drainage / Sri Lanka / Walawe Ganga / Menik Ganga / Kirindi Oya / Gin Ganga
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7 G744 DAY Record No: H040731)
11 Weligamage, Parakrama; Butcher, W. R.; Blatner, K. A.; Shumway, C. R.; Giordano, Mark. 2009. Non-user benefits emanating from enhanced water flow to Yala Protected Area Complex. [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the Water for Food Conference: national conference addressing water management issues, food security, environment and climate change in Sri Lanka, organized by the International Water Management Institute, Irrigation Department (Sri Lanka), Department of Agriculture (Sri Lanka), Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, held at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9 - 11 June 2009. 2p.
Ecosystems ; Water resource management ; Multiple use ; Decision making ; Water allocation ; Environmental flows / Sri Lanka / Menik Ganga / Veheragala Reservoir Project / Yala Protected Area Complex
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042632)
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12 Evans, Alexandra; Jinapala, K. (Eds.) 2010. Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 174p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2010.205]
Wetlands ; Environmental flows ; Assessment ; Water allocation ; Case studies ; Rivers ; Farming systems ; Models ; Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Domestic water ; Rainfed farming ; Climate change ; Wastewater irrigation ; Rice ; Food security / Sri Lanka / Bundala National Park / Yala National Park / Walawe Ganga / Menik Ganga / Upper Mahaweli Catchment / Kurundu Oya / Kurunegala District / Wilgoda Irrigation Scheme / Attanagalu Oya Basin / Anuradhapura District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 EVA Record No: H042852)
(1.90 MB)
This is the second volume of the proceedings of the National Conference on ‘Water for Food and Environment’, which was held from June 9 –11, 2009 at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall (BMICH). The volumes 1 and 3 have been produced as separate documents of this report series. In response to a call for abstracts, 81 abstracts were received from government institutes dealing with water resources and agriculture development, universities, other freelance researchers and researchers from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Forty seven of the eighty-one abstracts that were submitted were accepted for compiling full papers. In the past couple of years the sharp increase in food prices worldwide has raised serious concerns about food security, especially in developing countries. To effectively address these concerns a holistic approach is required that encompasses improved agricultural water productivity, adaptation to climate change, targeted and appropriate institutional and financial measures, and a consideration of environmental issues. The main purpose of the conference was to share experiences in these areas and to find opportunities to improve farmers’ incomes and food production, and to promote environmentally sustainable practices in Sri Lanka in the face of growing water scarcity and the challenges of climate change.
13 Dissanayake, Priyanka; Weragala, Neelanga; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2010. Environmental flow assessment: recent examples from Sri Lanka. In Evans, Alexandra; Jinapala, K. (Eds). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.23-35.
Environmental flows ; Assessment ; Rivers ; Water use ; Multiple use ; Water requirements ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Walawe Ganga / Menik Ganga / Pilinnawa Wetland / Yala National Park
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 EVA Record No: H042856)
Assessment and provision of Environmental Flows (EF) is important for the protection of aquatic ecosystems. EF are a set of discharges of a particular magnitude, frequency and timing that are necessary to ensure a certain range of benefits from a river. Such flows need to be scientifically determined and economically justified. Limited exposure to the concept of EF exists in developing countries. This paper gives two recent relevant example studies, which were conducted by IWMI, with foci on EF Assessment (EFA) and valuation of EF benefits in the Walawe and Menik Ganga river basins located in a semi-arid zone of southern Sri Lanka. The Walawe example illustrates the simple method for estimation of EF. The EF are approximated at two sites along the main stream of the Walawe River, which are located below the two main reservoirs. A desktop method is used, which is based on simulated, unregulated daily flow time series and their flow duration curves. The study also illustrates how the required hydrological information can be generated for the locations where EF assessment is intended – quickly and in conditions of limited observed data. The second Menik Ganga example is used as a case study to evaluate the costs and benefits of environmental water allocations. The EF components evaluated include the water needs for religious festivals, and the requirements of the Yala National Park, the Pilinnawa coastal wetland and grasslands, and the Yala Fisheries Management Area (YFMA) off the coast. Almost all estimates are based on use values of EF such as marketed goods and recreation. The paper intends to stimulate discussion and further research in the fields of EF assessment and economic valuation.
14 Weligamage, Parakrama; Butcher, W. R.; Blatner, K. A.; Shumway, C. R.; Giordano, Mark. 2010. Non-user benefits emanating from enhanced water flow to the Yala Protected Area Complex. In Evans, Alexandra; Jinapala, K. (Eds). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.37-47.
Water use ; Multiple use ; Wildlife ; Habitats ; Ecosystems ; Irrigation water ; Water allocation / Sri Lanka / Yala Protected Area Complex / Menik Ganga / Veheragala Reservoir Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 EVA Record No: H042857)
Water is a multiple use resource. Increasing scarcity and competition from various sectors is an important dimension to be considered in its management. Understanding the value of water to different water uses is, therefore, necessary to assist decision-making in water allocation among sectors. Although water used in agriculture can be valued using production function approaches, such direct valuation methods are not available for the environmental uses of water. This paper uses non-market valuation methods to estimate the economic value of a committed flow through a unique ecosystem, the Yala Protected Area Complex (YPC). The Yala Protected Area Complex is an important wildlife refuge situated in south-eastern Sri Lanka. Its large land extent, undisturbed nature, and abundance and diversity of fauna contribute to its uniqueness. The fact that the YPC is also the most visited national park in Sri Lanka is partially a result of this uniqueness. However, maintenance of the park’s ecosystem depends on the flow of the Menik Ganga. This flow is regulated by the Veheragala Reservoir Project, and there is now discussion of reducing flow into the park by about half of the current level. The proposed plan ensures dry season flow into the YPC and, therefore, has been deemed acceptable. However, there is a possibility that farmers will demand further water releases during the dry season which could in turn endanger the planned downstream water releases. So there is a potential trade-off between environmental and irrigation uses of water. A willingness to pay (WTP) survey was conducted in ten districts in Sri Lanka during the fourth quarter of 2008 to estimate the WTP of the general population of the country towards maintaining this important environmental resource. In the hypothetical market presented, participants were told of the need for financial contributions from the general public to ensure the release of a minimum downstream flow commitment of 50 MCM. Participants were also informed of how this flow would enhance the ecosystem of the YPC. A single bound dichotomous choice contingent valuation approach was used as the elicitation format. Nonobligatory voluntary contributions were solicited towards a trust fund that could be used to ensure release of the required quantity of water downstream during dry months. According to the results of a binary logistic regression, income, age, and religious attachments are important factors affecting the decision to contribute to environmental flow maintenance to the YPC. Sixty-five percent of respondents were willing to pay something to ensure the maintenance of an adequate environmental flow in the YPC. The estimated mean WTP for water releases to enhance the YPC is Sri Lankan Rupees (SLR) 435 per year. Over the requested payment horizon of 10 years, the present value of aggregate WTP from the Sri Lankan population to enhance the ecosystem of the YPC is SLR 12 billion. This quantity greatly surpasses the present value of net benefits from rice farming estimated at SLR 0.64 billion, which would be generated if the same quantity of water was used for irrigation for 10 years (assuming current prices and input intensities). Thus, there is a clear opportunity for national welfare gain by ensuring adequate flow in YPC.
15 Weligamage, S. P. 2011. An economic analysis of intersectoral water allocation in southeastern Sri Lanka. Thesis submitted to the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, USA in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 155p.
Water resources ; Water allocation ; Water use ; Economic analysis ; Economic value ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation programs ; Agricultural development ; River basins ; Case studies ; Farmers ; Welfare ; Analytical methods ; Models ; Surveys ; Indicators ; Households ; Income
/ Sri Lanka / Dry Zone / Kirindi Oya / Menik Ganga / Kumbukkan Oya / Yala Protected Area
/ Sri Lanka / Dry Zone / Kirindi Oya / Menik Ganga / Kumbukkan Oya / Yala Protected Area
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044346)
(3.06 MB)
This dissertation analyzes current patterns and expected benefits of allocation of water in Kirindi-Menik-Kumbukkan composite river basin in southeastern Sri Lanka. The Veheragala Diversion Project changed the historical flow regime of Menik Ganga River by diverting water to the Kirindi Oya Basin for irrigation. This diversion reduced water flow to the Yala Protected Area Complex, a unique, nationally and globally important wildlife refuge situated further downstream, but dry season flows were enhanced. This study develops and applies empirical methods to estimate economic benefits related to two major uses: irrigation and environment. A procedure to quantify water applied on rice farms, based on farmer recall, was developed and empirically used in the Kirindi Oya Irrigation and Settlement Project (KOISP), where differential access to water between its two subareas exists. A production function for rice with water quantity as an input was estimated. Plans to allocate newly diverted water to maximize system-wide annual net benefits by equating marginal value products of water were generated. The value of water for the environment was estimated through a contingent valuation study that asked respondents about their willingness to pay for water releases through the YPC. Benefits were expected as emanating from non-use values of water. Findings showed a diverse pattern of distribution and abundance of irrigation systems across three river basins when the sizes and the types of systems were considered. Average water quantity applied by farmers in the Old Irrigated Area of the KOISP was 17 percent higher than that of farmers in the New Irrigated Area, while annual net rice revenues were 36 percent higher in the Old irrigated Area. The optimum water allocation plan for the KOISP would generate annual incremental net benefits of SLR 157 million and is 28 percent higher than the “Business as Usual” Plan. Mean willingness to pay for water releases estimated using random willingness to pay method was SLR 627 per household per annum. This can be aggregated to a national benefit stream with net present worth of SLR 17.4 billion. This value can be considered as the value of water allocated for environmental uses.
16 Lanka Jalani; Global Water Partnership. 2004. Proceedings of the Synthesis Workshop on Basin Level Dialogues: dialogue on Water for Food, People and Environment (DWFE). Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9 July 2004. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Lanka Jalani; Stockholm, Sweden: Global Water Partnership: 94p.
River basins ; Water demand ; Water management ; Water use ; Water quality ; Irrigated farming ; Environmental effects / Sri Lanka / Malwatu Oya Basin / Maha Oya Basin / Mahaweli Basin / Menik Ganga
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: PendingH046182)
17 Mahendran, R.; Pathirana, S.; Piyatilake, I. T. S.; Perera, S. S. N.; Weerasinghe, M. C. 2020. Assessment of environmental variability on malaria transmission in a malaria-endemic rural dry zone locality of Sri Lanka: the wavelet approach. PLoS ONE, 15(2):e0228540. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228540]
Malaria ; Disease transmission ; Endemics ; Environmental factors ; Rural areas ; Arid zones ; Epidemiology ; Rivers ; Rain ; Humidity ; Models / Sri Lanka / Kataragama / Menik Ganga
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049856)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228540&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049856.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049856.pdf
(3.19 MB) (3.19 MB)
Malaria is a global public health concern and its dynamic transmission is still a complex process. Malaria transmission largely depends on various factors, including demography, geography, vector dynamics, parasite reservoir, and climate. The dynamic behaviour of malaria transmission has been explained using various statistical and mathematical methods. Of them, wavelet analysis is a powerful mathematical technique used in analysing rapidly changing time-series to understand disease processes in a more holistic way. The current study is aimed at identifying the pattern of malaria transmission and its variability with environmental factors in Kataragama, a malaria-endemic dry zone locality of Sri Lanka, using a wavelet approach. Monthly environmental data including total rainfall and mean water flow of the “Menik Ganga” river; mean temperature, mean minimum and maximum temperatures and mean relative humidity; and malaria cases in the Kataragama Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area were obtained from the Department of Irrigation, Department of Meteorology and Malaria Research Unit (MRU) of University of Colombo, respectively, for the period 1990 to 2005. Wavelet theory was applied to analyze these monthly time series data. There were two significant periodicities in malaria cases during the period of 1992–1995 and 1999–2000. The cross-wavelet power spectrums revealed an anti-phase correlation of malaria cases with mean temperature, minimum temperature, and water flow of “Menik Ganga” river during the period 1991–1995, while the in-phase correlation with rainfall is noticeable only during 1991–1992. Relative humidity was similarly associated with malaria cases between 1991–1992. It appears that environmental variables have contributed to a higher incidence of malaria cases in Kataragama in different time periods between 1990 and 2005.
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