Your search found 10 records
1 Salas, W.; Boles, S.; Li, C.; Yeluripati, J. B.; Xiao, X.; Frolking, S.; Green, P. 2007. Mapping and modelling of greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies with satellite radar observations and the DNDC biogeochemical model. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 17(3):319-329.
Rice ; Decision support tools ; Mapping ; Models ; GIS ; Greenhouse gases ; Methane ; Nitrous oxide / India / Andhra Pradesh / Vijayawada
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7887 Record No: H040099)
2 Wassmann, R.; Butterbach-Bah, K.; Doberman, A. 2007. Irrigated rice production systems and greenhouse gas emissions: Crop and residue management trends, climate change impacts and mitigation strategies. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 2(004). 14p.
Irrigated farming ; Rice ; Paddy fields ; Methane ; Nitrous oxide ; Carbon dioxide ; Climate change ; Cropping systems
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7960 Record No: H040447)
3 Sander, B. O.; Wassmann, R.; Siopongco, J. D. L. C. 2015. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from rice production through water-saving techniques: potential, adoption and empirical evidence. In Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnston, Robyn; Smakhtin, Vladimir. Climate change and agricultural water management in developing countries. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.193-207. (CABI Climate Change Series 8)
Greenhouse gases ; Methane emission ; Nitrous oxide ; Crop production ; Flood irrigation ; Rice ; Water conservation ; Water management ; Farmers ; Wet season ; Dry season
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047379)
(599 KB)
4 Kumar, A.; Nayak, A. K.; Mohanty, S.; Das, B. S. 2016. Greenhouse gas emission from direct seeded paddy fields under different soil water potentials in eastern India. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 228:111-123. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.007]
Greenhouse gases ; Carbon dioxide ; Methane ; Nitrous oxide ; Emission reduction ; Direct sowing ; Paddy fields ; Climate change ; Water management ; Water productivity ; Irrigation scheduling ; Strategies ; Crop yield ; Soil properties ; Soil water potential ; Statistical methods / Eastern India / Cuttack
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047868)
(2.46 MB)
In the anticipated water scarcity and global warming scenario; it is imperative to identify suitable irrigation scheduling strategy in paddy fields for increasing water productivity and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We conducted a two year (dry season of 2014 and 2015) field experiment for irrigation scheduling based on tensiometric measurement of soil water potential (SWP)in order to quantify temporal and seasonal variations in GHGs emissions and their trade off relationship at five levels of SWPs viz. SWP 1 (-20 kPa), SWP 2 (-30 kPa), SWP 3 (-40 kPa), SWP 4 (-50 kPa) and SWP 5 (-60 kPa), in addition to the traditional practice of growing flooded rice (CF). Fluxes of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) during the growing period were measured using manual closed chamber-gas chromatograph and the carbon dioxide (CO2) flux was measured using an infrared CO2 analyzer. A significant decrease in seasonal cumulative CH4 emission (30–60.2%) was recorded at different SWPs as compared to CF. In contrast, emission of CO2 and N2O increased by 12.9–26.6% and 16.3–22.1% respectively at SWPs 1 and 2; conversely, a significant decrease in emissions of these gases were observed at higher SWPs (SWPs 3–5). Among different SWP treatments, irrigation scheduling at SWP 2 maintained yield at par with CF with water saving of 32.9–41.1% and reduced CH4 emission (43–44.1%). However, due to increase in CO2 and N2O emission at SWP 2, there was no significant reduction in global warming potential (GWP) as compared with CF. Among different rice growth stages GHGs emission were predominant during vegetative growth stage. Regression relationship of GHGs emission with key soil parameters was employed to predict seasonal emissions of GHGs from paddy field. The results of this study suggest that scheduling irrigation at SWP 2 can be an effective strategy in order to save water, maintain rice yield and mitigate CH4 emission from direct seeded paddy fields in eastern India, however further research is needed to identify suitable management strategy for reducing CO2 and N2O emissions at SWP 2 in order to reduce the GWP.
5 Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Tesfai, M.; Borrell, A.; Nagothu, U. S.; Reddy, S. K.; Reddy, G. K. 2016. Climate smart rice production systems: studying the potential of alternate wetting and drying irrigation. In Nagothu, U. S. (Ed.). Climate change and agricultural development: improving resilience through climate smart agriculture, agroecology and conservation. Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.206-231.
Agricultural production ; Rice ; Climate change ; Water use ; Water conservation ; Water scarcity ; Water productivity ; Water requirements ; Farmers ; Irrigation water ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission reduction ; Methane ; Nitrous oxide ; Food security ; Seasonal cropping ; Cultivation ; Flow discharge ; Case studies / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047888)
6 Janz, B.; Weller, S.; Kraus, D.; Racela, H. S.; Wassmann, R.; Butterbach-Bahl, K.; Kiese, R. 2019. Greenhouse gas footprint of diversifying rice cropping systems: impacts of water regime and organic amendments. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 270-271:41-54. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.10.011]
Greenhouse gas emissions ; Cropping systems ; Irrigation water ; Organic amendments ; Rice straw ; Agronomic practices ; Crop rotation ; Diversification ; Mung beans ; Maize ; Catch crops ; Methane emission ; Nitrous oxide ; Climatic change ; Green manures ; Residues / Philippines
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049124)
(3.06 MB)
Increasing water scarcity and Asia’s rapid economic and social development, specifically the growing demand for animal products and biofuels, is forcing farmers to transform their traditional lowland double-rice cropping systems [R-R] to mixed lowland-upland systems where upland crops such as aerobic rice [R-A] or maize [R-M] are grown instead of paddy rice during the dry period. Such changes have implications on the C and N cycling in the soil-plant system, including major shifts in soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from CH4 to N2O once paddies are used for upland cropping. Moreover, soil organic carbon stocks are decreasing, thereby jeopardizing soil fertility. In this study, we investigated if straw residue incorporation and/or catch crop cultivation impairs the greenhouse gas footprint of diversifying rice cropping systems and thus, presents an alternative to open-field straw burning and intensive mineral N fertilization. For this, we calculate annual global warming potentials (GWP) and yield-scaled GWPs of three different rice systems (R-R: rice-rice, R-A: rice- aerobic rice, R-M: rice maize) without (control) or with additions of straw (+6 Mg ha-1 [S]) or + straw + mungbean as catch crop ([M + S]) on the basis of high-temporal-resolution GHG emissions (CH4 and N2O), and measurements of yield parameters. The field trial was carried out at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines, covering two full years. Although dry season N2O emissions increased twice- to threefold in the diversified systems (R-A, R-M), the strong reduction of CH4 emissions during this period resulted in significantly lower annual yield-scaled GWP as compared to the traditional R-R system. The same pattern was observed after application and incorporation of organic material (straw and mungbean), but led to higher substrate availability for methanogens during the following season. Therefore, the GWP was 9–39% higher in treatments including straw incorporation as compared to a control treatment without organic substrate amendments. Additional incorporation of mungbeans further increased GWPs, whereby the increment was highest in R-R rotation (88%) and lowest in R-M rotation (55%), with annual GHG emissions of 11.8 and 5.6 Mg CO2-eq ha-1, respectively. Our study shows that the yield-scaled GWP, as well as irrigation water demand, is lowest for rice-maize (R-M) cropping systems, followed by R-A and R-R systems. This ranking persists even with the incorporation of crop residues, a requirement for farmers as the ban of open-field burning is increasingly enforced. Our work also calls for a refinement of IPCC emission factors for lowland-upland rotations and the inclusion of the land-preparation period within the GHG balance of rice cropping systems.
7 Zheng, J.; Qu, Y.; Kilasara, M. M.; Mmari, W. N.; Funakawa, S. 2019. Soil-atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide in two Tanzanian croplands: effects of nitrogen and stover management. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 275:24-36. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.05.009]
Farmland ; Soil air ; Nitrous oxide ; Nitrogen ; Fertilizers ; Stover ; Emission ; Environmental effects ; Soil types ; Maize ; Crop yield / Africa South of Sahara / United Republic of Tanzania / Iringa / Mbeya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049328)
(3.14 MB)
Cropland intensification is needed to meet the demand for food in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This process requires a dramatic increase in resource inputs, including fertilizer-nitrogen (N) and organic residues (e.g., stover), which alter the soil-atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide (N2O). The dearth of N2O emission data for SSA croplands, however, limits our ability to define regional and global N2O flux and mitigation opportunities. In two soils planted with maize in Tanzania (Iringa, sandy Alfisols; Mbeya, clayey Andisols), we conducted year-round measurements for 2 consecutive years to quantify N2O emissions in response to increasing N rates and in combination with maize stover incorporation. Rainfall and the resulting soil moisture, rather than soil temperature, were important environmental drivers of N2O emissions in these fields. Applied N stimulated N2O fluxes across soil types but with different magnitudes—lower in Iringa because of the dominance of nitrification in N2O production and higher in Mbeya likely from promoted denitrification when the water-filled pore space was >47%. N2O emission increased exponentially or linearly with N rate, depending on the year. The direct N2O emission factors were well below the 1% of the IPCC Tier 1 method, ranging from 0.13% to 0.26% in Iringa and from 0.24% to 0.42% in Mbeya, for a N rate of 50–150 kg N ha-1 during the study. Compared with N application alone, stover plus N did not significantly alter maize yield, but did raise N2O emissions significantly (P = 0.06). Consequently, stover incorporation markedly increased the emission factor (up to 0.46% in Iringa and 1.29% in Mbeya) as well as yield-scaled N2O emissions. Our results suggest that linear and exponential emission responses can occur in SSA croplands and challenge the promotion of combining stover with fertilizer-N as resource input management in this region.
8 Islam, S. M. M.; Gaihre, Y. K.; Islam, Md. R.; Ahmed, Md. N.; Akter, M.; Singh, U.; Sander, B. O. 2022. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated rice cultivation through improved fertilizer and water management. Journal of Environmental Management, 307:114520. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114520]
Irrigated rice ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Emission reduction ; Irrigated farming ; Water management ; Global warming ; Fertilizers ; Nitrous oxide ; Methane emission ; Urea ; Use efficiency ; Crop management ; Integrated plant nutrient management / Bangladesh / Gazipur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050888)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479722000937/pdfft?md5=0eaa9b512d6b0a05efd7497c1b19b265&pid=1-s2.0-S0301479722000937-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050888.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050888.pdf
(0.91 MB) (928 KB)
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture sector play an important role for global warming and climate change. Thus, it is necessary to find out GHG emissions mitigation strategies from rice cultivation. The efficient management of nitrogen fertilizer using urea deep placement (UDP) and the use of the water-saving alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation could mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduce environmental pollution. However, there is a dearth of studies on the impacts of UDP and the integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) which combines poultry manure and prilled urea (PU) with different irrigation regimes on GHG emissions, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and rice yields. We conducted field experiments during the dry seasons of 2018, 2019, and 2020 to compare the effects of four fertilizer treatments including control (no N), PU, UDP, and IPNS in combination with two irrigation systems— (AWD and continuous flooding, CF) on GHG emissions, NUE and rice yield. Fertilizer treatments had significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects with irrigation regimes on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. PU reduced CH4 and N2O emissions by 6% and 20% compared to IPNS treatment, respectively under AWD irrigation, but produced similar emissions under CF irrigation. Similarly, UDP reduced cumulative CH4 emissions by 9% and 15% under AWD irrigation, and 9% and 11% under CF condition compared to PU and IPNS treatments, respectively. Across the year and fertilizer treatments, AWD irrigation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced cumulative CH4 emissions and GHG intensity by 28%, and 26%, respectively without significant yield loss compared to CF condition. Although AWD irrigation increased cumulative N2O emissions by 73%, it reduced the total global warming potential by 27% compared to CF irrigation. The CH4 emission factor for AWD was lower (1.67 kg ha-1 day-1) compared to CF (2.33 kg ha-1 day-1). Across the irrigation regimes, UDP increased rice yield by 21% and N recovery efficiency by 58% compared to PU. These results suggest that both UDP and AWD irrigation might be considered as a carbon-friendly technology.
9 Epule, T. E.; Chehbouni, A.; Ongoma, V.; Brouziyne, Youssef; Etongo, D.; Molua, E. L. 2022. A new index on agricultural land greenhouse gas emissions in Africa. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194(9):598. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10196-4]
Greenhouse gas emissions ; Agricultural land ; Carbon dioxide ; Methane emission ; Nitrous oxide ; Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Vulnerability ; Spatial distribution ; Time series analysis / North Africa / West Africa / Middle Africa / East Africa / Southern Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051387)
(1.27 MB)
Africa emits the lowest amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the global GHG budget. However, the continent remains the most vulnerable continent to the effects of climate change. The agricultural sector in Africa is among the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. Also, as a dominant agricultural sector, African agriculture is increasingly contributing to climate change through GHG emissions. Research has so far focused on the effects of GHG emissions on the agricultural and other sectors with very little emphasis on monitoring and quantifying the spatial distribution of GHG emissions from agricultural land in Africa. This study develops a new index: African Agricultural Land Greenhouse Gas Index (AALGGI) that uses scores and specific scale ranges for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) to map the spatial variations in regional GHG emissions across Africa. The data for the three main GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N20) were downloaded from FAOSTAT. The data were analyzed through the newly developed African Agricultural Land Greenhouse Gas Index (AALGGI). This is an empirical index with scores ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating higher levels of emissions. The results show that Southern and North African regions have the lowest amounts of agricultural land GHG emissions, with AALGGIs of 3.5 and 4.5, respectively. East Africa records the highest levels of GHG emissions, with an AALGGI of 8 followed by West Africa with an AALGGI of 7.5. With the continental mean or baseline AALGGI being 5.8, East and Middle Africa are above the mean AALGGI. These results underscore the fact that though Africa, in general, is not a heavy emitter of GHGs, African agricultural lands are increasingly emitting more GHGs into the global GHG budget. The low AALGGIs in the more developed parts of Africa such as Southern and North Africa are explained by their domination in other GHG emitting sectors such as industrialization and energy. The high rates of emissions in East Africa and Middle Africa are mainly linked to intensive traditional farming practices/processes and deforestation. These findings underscore the need to further leverage climate change mitigation actions and policy in Africa and most importantly the co-benefits of mitigation and adaptations in the most vulnerable regions.
10 Fuentes-Ponce, M. H.; Gutierrez-Diaz, J.; Flores-Macias, A.; Gonzalez-Ortega, E.; Mendoza, A. P.; Sanchez, L. M. R.; Novotny, I.; Espindola, I. P. M. 2022. Direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions under conventional, organic, and conservation agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 340:108148. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108148]
Greenhouse gas emissions ; Conventional tillage ; Organic matter ; Conservation agriculture ; Reduced tillage ; Intercropping ; Carbon dioxide ; Methane ; Nitrous oxide ; Agroecosystems ; Biomass ; Fertilizers / Mexico / Cocotitlan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051403)
(3.08 MB)
Farm activities contribute to approximately one-third of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Most of the GHG in the atmosphere comes from carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The main objective of this research is to investigate direct and indirect GHG emission in five different agroecosystems, contrasted by tillage agricultural, farm practices (oat and maize-fava and vetch).CO2, N2O y CH4 concentrations were measured using two closed static chambers. Total biomass and production costs were determined. Indirect emissions were calculated from fuel used in producing and packing of synthetic fertilizers and herbicide, and sheep manure mineralization. The results showed that CO2 was the gas that most contributes to GHG emissions followed by the CH4 and NO2. The agrosystem with reduce tillage and synthetic inputs had the highest emissions (979 CO2 eq kg ha-1). Agrosystems using synthetic inputs (conventional and reduce tillage) showed higher indirect emissions (958 and 856 CO2 eq kg ha-1 respectively). Maize in monoculture produced more than the systems with rotation or intercropping. Reduced tillage with intercropping and organic inputs was the most expensive to produce but had the least gas emission per dollar invested and per kilogram of biomass produced while conventional tillage agrosystems with organic or synthetic inputs stored little carbon in the soil, produced less biomass per unit area and presented higher CO2 eq emissions per unit of biomass.
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