Your search found 9 records
1 Pathirana, A.; Herath, S. 2004. Assessment of atmospheric brown cloud impacts on local climate with a modified mesoscale atmospheric model. In Herath, S.; Pathirana, A.; Weerakoon, S. B. (Eds.). Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Changing Environment of the Monsoon Region. Bandaranaika Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 17-19 November 2004. Vol.1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: National Water Resources Secretariat. pp.34-41.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 HER Record No: H039497)
2 Herath, S.; Pathirana, A.; Swain, D. 2004. Integrated assessment of atmospheric brown cloud impacts: A gleam case study. In Herath, S.; Pathirana, A.; Weerakoon, S. B. (Eds.). Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Changing Environment of the Monsoon Region. Bandaranaika Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 17-19 November 2004. Vol.1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: National Water Resources Secretariat. pp.141-148.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 HER Record No: H039507)
3 Biggs, Trent; Scott, Christopher; Rajagopalan, Balaji; Turral, Hugh. 2007. Trends in solar radiation due to clouds and aerosols, Southern India, 1952-1997. International Journal of Climatology, 27(11): 1505–1518.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 551.5271 G635 BIG Record No: H039743)
Decadal trends in cloudiness are shown to affect incoming solar radiation (SW SFC) in the Krishna River basin (13–20°N, 72–82 °E), southern India, from 1952 to 1997. Annual average cloudiness at 14 meteorological stations across the basin decreased by 0.09% of the sky per year over 1952–1997. The decreased cloudiness partly balanced the effects of aerosols on incoming solar radiation (SW SFC), resulting in a small net increase in SW SFC in monsoon months (0.1–2.9 W m-2 per decade). During the non-monsoon, aerosol forcing dominated over trends in cloud forcing, resulting in a net decrease in SW SFC (-2.8 to -5.5 W m-2 per decade). Monthly satellite easurements from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) covering 1983–1995 were used to screen the visual cloudiness measurements at 26 meteorological stations, which reduced the data set to 14 stations and extended the cloudiness record back to 1952. SW SFC measurements were available at only two stations, so the SW SFC record was extended in time and to the other stations using a combination of the Angstrom and Hargreaves-Supit equations. The Hargreaves-Supit estimates of SW SFC were then corrected for trends in aerosols using the literature values of aerosol forcing over India. Monthly values and trends in satellite measurements of SW SFC from National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) surface radiation budget (SRB) matched the aerosol-corrected Hargreaves-Supit estimates over 1984–1994 (RMSE = 11.9 W m-2, 5.2%). We conclude that meteorological station measurements of cloudiness, quality checked with satellite imagery and calibrated to local measurements of incoming radiation, provide an opportunity to extend radiation measurements in space and time. Reports of decreased cloudiness in other parts of continental Asia suggest that the cloud-aerosol trade-off observed in the Krishna basin may be widespread, particularly during the rainy seasons when changes in clouds have large effects on incoming radiation compared with aerosol forcing.
4 Wadduwage, S. R. 2006. Development of a simple spatial methodology to assess the human exposure to aerosols in urban areas. In Dayawansa, N. D. K. (Ed.). Geo-informatics for environmental conservation and management: proceedings of the Third National Symposium on Geo-Informatics, 25 August 2006. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: Geo-Informatics Society of Sri Lanka (GISSL) pp.43-50.
Air pollution ; Aerosols ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Remote sensing ; Mapping / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 526.0285 G570 DAY Record No: H040858)
5 Biggs, Trent W.; Scott, Christopher A.; Gaur, Anju; Venot, Jean-Philippe; Chase, T.; Lee, E. 2008. Impacts of irrigation and anthropogenic aerosols on the water balance, heat fluxes, and surface temperature in a river basin. Water Resources Research, 44(W12415):18p.
Aerosols ; Irrigation effects ; Water balance ; River basins ; Energy balance ; Air temperature ; Irrigation requirements ; Models / India / Krishna River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041814)
6 Lacombe, Guillaume; Chinnasamy, Pennan; Nicol, Alan. 2019. Review of climate change science, knowledge and impacts on water resources in South Asia. Background Paper 1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 73p. (Climate Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.202]
Climate change adaptation ; Water resources development ; Water management ; Water use efficiency ; Water power ; Water quality ; Domestic water ; Drinking water ; Environmental impact assessment ; Rain ; Temperature ; Evaporation ; Surface water ; International waters ; Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Stream flow ; Industrial uses ; Risk management ; Flooding ; Coastal area ; Drought ; Contamination ; Cyclones ; Sedimentation ; Landslides ; Precipitation ; Sea level ; Meltwater ; Erosion ; Land use ; Semiarid zones ; Knowledge ; Monitoring ; Infrastructure ; Decision making ; Governance ; Hydrological factors ; Models ; Aerosols / South Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049184)
(7.58 MB)
7 Mishra, V.; Aadhar, S.; Mahto, S. S. 2021. Anthropogenic warming and intraseasonal summer monsoon variability amplify the risk of future flash droughts in India. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 4:1. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-00158-3]
Drought ; Risk ; Anthropogenic factors ; Monsoon climate ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Soil moisture ; Air temperature ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Aerosols ; Land use change ; Land cover change ; Meteorological factors ; Forecasting ; Models / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050274)
(2.36 MB) (2.36 MB)
Flash droughts cause rapid depletion in root-zone soil moisture and severely affect crop health and irrigation water demands. However, their occurrence and impacts in the current and future climate in India remain unknown. Here we use observations and model simulations from the large ensemble of Community Earth System Model to quantify the risk of flash droughts in India. Root-zone soil moisture simulations conducted using Variable Infiltration Capacity model show that flash droughts predominantly occur during the summer monsoon season (June–September) and driven by the intraseasonal variability of monsoon rainfall. Positive temperature anomalies during the monsoon break rapidly deplete soil moisture, which is further exacerbated by the land-atmospheric feedback. The worst flash drought in the observed (1951–2016) climate occurred in 1979, affecting more than 40% of the country. The frequency of concurrent hot and dry extremes is projected to rise by about five-fold, causing approximately seven-fold increase in flash droughts like 1979 by the end of the 21st century. The increased risk of flash droughts in the future is attributed to intraseasonal variability of the summer monsoon rainfall and anthropogenic warming, which can have deleterious implications for crop production, irrigation demands, and groundwater abstraction in India.
8 Acharya, P.; Barik, G.; Gayen, B. K.; Bar, S.; Maiti, A.; Sarkar, A.; Ghosh, Surajit; De, S. K.; Sreekesh, S. 2021. Revisiting the levels of aerosol optical depth in South-Southeast Asia, Europe and USA amid the COVID-19 pandemic using satellite observations. Environmental Research, 193:110514. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110514]
Air pollution ; Air quality ; Aerosols ; COVID-19 ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Sulphur dioxide ; Emission ; Weather data ; Wind speed ; Humidity ; Satellite observation ; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer / South Asia / South East Asia / Europe / USA
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050797)
(12.20 MB)
The countries around the world are dealing with air quality issues for decades due to their mode of production and energy usages. The outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic and consequent global economic shutdown, for the first time, provided a base for the real-time experiment of the effect of reduced emissions across the globe in abetting the air pollution issue. The present study dealt with the changes in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), a marker of air pollution, because of global economic shutdown due to the coronavirus pandemic. The study considered the countries in south and south-east Asia (SSEA), Europe and the USA for their extended period of lockdown due to coronavirus pandemic. Daily Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and tropospheric column density of NO2 and SO2 from Ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) sensors, including meteorological data such as wind speed (WS) and relative humidity (RH) were analyzed during the pre-lockdown (2017–2019) and lockdown periods (2020). The average AOD, NO2 and SO2 during the lockdown period were statistically compared with their pre-lockdown average using Wilcoxon-signed-paired-rank test. The accuracy of the MODIS-derived AOD, including the changing pattern of AOD due to lockdown was estimated using AERONET data. The weekly anomaly of AOD, NO2 and SO2 was used for analyzing the space-time variation of aerosol load as restrictions were imposed by the concerned countries at the different points of time. Additionally, a random forest-based regression (RF) model was used to examine the effects of meteorological and emission parameters on the spatial variation of AOD. A significant reduction of AOD (- 20%) was obtained for majority of the areas in SSEA, Europe and USA during the lockdown period. Yet, the clusters of increased AOD (30–60%) was obtained in the south-east part of SSEA, the western part of Europe and US regions. NO2 reductions were measured up to 20–40%, while SO2 emission increased up to 30% for a majority of areas in these regions. A notable space-time variation was observed in weekly anomaly. We found the evidence of the formation of new particles for causing high AOD under high RH and low WS, aided by the downward vertical wind flow. The RF model showed a distinguishable relative importance of emission and meteorological factors among these regions to account for the spatial variability of AOD. Our findings suggest that the continued lockdown might provide a temporary solution to air pollution; however, to combat persistent air quality issues, it needs switching over to the cleaner mode of production and energy. The findings of this study, thus, advocated for alternative energy policy at the global scale.
9 Al-Zu’bi, Maha; Dejene, S. W.; Hounkpe, J.; Kupika, O. L.; Lwasa, S.; Mbenge, M.; Mwongera, C.; Ouedraogo, N. S.; Toure, N. E. 2022. African perspectives on climate change research. Nature Climate Change, 12(12):1078-1084. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01519-x]
Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Climate resilience ; Research ; Agriculture ; Energy ; Urbanization ; Cities ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem services ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Aerosols / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051556)
(2.02 MB) (2.02 MB)
The 27th Conference of the Parties (COP27) is being held in November 2022 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. Having a climate summit hosted in an African country makes it timely to highlight climate change research from the continent. We asked a selection of researchers to share their thoughts on current research questions and how they affect African responses to climate change.
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