Your search found 7 records
1 Zomer, Robert; Trabucco, Antonio; van Straaten, Oliver; Bossio, Deborah. 2006. Carbon, land and water: a global analysis of the hydrologic dimensions of climate change mitigation through afforestation / reforestation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 38p. (IWMI Research Report 101) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.101]
Climate change ; Water supply ; Forests ; Land use ; Afforestation ; Reforestation ; Water balance ; Models ; Evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; Water use ; Ecosystems
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 551.6 G000 ZOM Record No: H039281)
(851KB)
This report highlights the potentially significant impacts on the hydrologic cycle and the importance of considering secondary effects, particularly with regard to water, resulting from the widespread adoption of global climate change mitigation measures. It is recommended that the implicit hydrologic dimensions of climate change mitigation should be more formally articulated within the international environmental conventions, and recognized within future UNFCCC negotiations on the CDM-AR provisions.
2 Zomer, Robert; Trabucco, Antonio; Ustin, S. L. 2006. Building spectral libraries for wetlands land cover classification and hyperspectral remote sensing. In Proceedings, GlobWetland: Looking at Wetlands from Space, Frascati, Italy, 19-20 October 2006. 6p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.918 G000 ZOM Record No: H039729)
3 Zomer, Robert J.; Bossio, Deborah A.; Trabucco, Antonio; Yuanjie, Li; Gupta, Diwan C.; Singh, Virendra P. 2007. Trees and water: smallholder agroforestry on irrigated lands in Northern India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 41p. (IWMI Research Report 122) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.122]
Trees ; Populus deltoids ; Agroforestry ; Afforestation ; Reforestation ; Models ; Water use ; Water balance ; Evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; Remote sensing ; Irrigation requirements / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.2 G635 ZOM Record No: H041069)
(1.07 MB)
Trees are increasingly grown on-farm to supply wood and biomass needs within developing countries. Over the last several decades, within the irrigated rice-wheat growing lands of northern India, fast-growing poplar trees have been planted on tens of thousands of small farms. Recent debate regarding afforestation has raised the issue that water use is often increased when trees are planted. This ongoing debate focuses primarily on afforestation or reforestation of upland and rain-fed agricultural areas, and off-site impacts such as reduced streamflow. Adoption of poplar agroforestry in northern India, in contrast, is occurring in areas where land and water are already intensively used and managed for agricultural production. This study based on farmer survey data, used remote sensing and spatial hydrological modeling to investigate the importance and role of the poplar trees within the agricultural landscape, and to estimate their water use. Overall, results illustrate a potential for addressing the increasing global demand for wood products with trees grown on-farm within irrigated agroforestry systems.
4 Trabucco, Antonio; Zomer, R. J.; Bossio, Deborah A.; van Straaten, Oliver; Verchot, L. V. 2008. Climate change mitigation through afforestation/reforestation: a global analysis of hydrologic impacts with four case studies. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 126: 81-97.
Climate change ; Afforestation ; Reforestation ; Hydrology ; Water balance ; Models ; Evapotranspiration ; Trees ; Forests
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.75152 G000 TRA Record No: H041200)
The implicit hydrologic dimensions of international efforts to mitigate climate change, specifically potential impacts of the Clean Development Mechanism- Afforestation/Reforestation (CDM-AR) provisions of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) on global, regional and local water cycles, are examined. The global impact of the redistribution of water use driven by agriculture and land use change, of which CDM-AR can be a contributing factor, is a major component of ongoing global change and climate change processes. If converted to forest, large areas deemed suitable for CDM-AR would exhibit increases in actual evapotranspiration (AET) and/or decreases in runoff. Almost 20% (144 Mha) of all suitable land showed little or no impact on runoff and another 28% (210 Mha) showed only moderate impact. About 27% (200 Mha) was in the highest impact class, exhibiting an 80–100% decrease in runoff, and prevalent in drier areas (based on Aridity Index (AI)), the semi-arid tropics, and in conversion from grasslands and subsistence agriculture. Significant impacts on local hydrologic cycles were evident, however large impacts were not predicted at regional or global scale due primarily to the current limit on carbon offset projects under the Kyoto Protocol. Predicted decreases in runoff ranged from 54% in drier areas to less than 15% in more humid areas, based on four case studies located across a range of biophysical conditions and project scenarios in Ecuador and Bolivia. Factors other than climate, e.g. upstream/downstream position, were shown to be important in evaluating off-site impacts. This study demonstrates that it will become increasingly important to consider implications on local to regional water resources, and how the hydrologic dimension of CDM-AR impacts on issues of sustainability, local communities, and food security.
5 Zomer, R. J.; Trabucco, Antonio; Bossio, Deborah A.; Verchot, L. V. 2008. Climate change mitigation: a spatial analysis of global land suitability for clean development mechanism afforestation and reforestation. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 126: 67-80.
Climate change ; Land degradation ; Afforestation ; Reforestation ; Land use ; Models ; Trees ; Forests ; Carbon
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.75152 G000 ZOM Record No: H041201)
Within the Kyoto Protocol, the clean development mechanism (CDM) is an instrument intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while assisting developing countries in achieving sustainable development, with the multiple goals of poverty reduction, environmental benefits and cost-effective emission reductions. The CDM allows for a small percentage of emission reduction credits to come from afforestation and reforestation (CDM-AR) projects. We conducted a global analysis of land suitability for CDM-AR carbon ‘sink’ projects and identified large amounts of land (749 Mha) as biophysically suitable and meeting the CDM-AR eligibility criteria. Forty-six percent of all the suitable areas globally were found in South America and 27% in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Asia, despite the larger land mass, relatively less land was available. In South America and Sub-Saharan Africa the majority of the suitable land was shrubland/grassland or savanna. In Asia the majority of the land was low-intensity agriculture. The sociologic and ecological analyses showed that large amounts of suitable land exhibited relatively low population densities. Many of the most marginal areas were eliminated due to high aridity, which resulted in a generally Gaussian distribution of land productivity classes. If the cap on CDM-AR were raised to compensate for a substantially greater offset of carbon emission through sink projects, this study suggests that it will be increasingly important to consider implications on local to regional food security and local community livelihoods.
6 Trabucco, Antonio; Bossio, Deborah; van Stratten, O. 2008. Carbon sequestration, land degradation and water. In Bossio, Deborah; Geheb, Kim (Eds.). Conserving land, protecting water. Wallingford, UK: CABI; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water & Food. pp. 83-106. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 6)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G000 BOS Record No: H041595)
7 Maes, W. H.; Trabucco, Antonio; Achten, W. M. J.; Muys, B. 2009. Climatic growing conditions of Jatropha curcas L. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33:1481-1485. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.06.001]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042320)
(0.23 MB)
The massive investment in new jatropha plantations worldwide is not sufficiently based on a profound scientific knowledge of its ecology. In this article, we define the climatic conditions in its area of natural distribution by combining the locations of herbarium specimens with corresponding climatic information, and compare these conditions with those in 83 jatropha plantations worldwide. Most specimens (87%) were found in tropical savannah and monsoon climates (Am, Aw) and in temperate climates without dry season and with hot summer (Cfa), while very few were found in semi-arid (BS) and none in arid climates (BW). Ninety-five percent of the specimens grew in areas with a mean annual rainfall above 944 mm year1 and an average minimum temperature of the coldest month (Tmin) above 10.5 C. The mean annual temperature range was 19.3–27.2 C. The climatic conditions at the plantations were different from those of the natural distribution specimens for all studied climatic variables, except average maximum temperature in the warmest month. Roughly 40% of the plantations were situated in regions with a drier climate than in 95% of the area of the herbarium specimens, and 28% of the plantations were situated in areas with Tmin below 10.5 C. The observed precipitation preferences indicate that jatropha is not common in regions with arid and semi-arid climates. Plantations in arid and semi-arid areas hold the risk of low productivity or irrigation requirement. Plantations in regions with frost risk hold the risk of damage due to frost.
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