Your search found 35 records
1 Utset, A.; Borroto, M. 2001. A modeling-GIS approach for assessing irrigation effects on soil salinisation under global warming conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 50(1):53-63.
Irrigation effects ; Soil salinity ; Hydrology ; Models ; GIS ; Climate change ; Global warming ; Evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; Water table / Cuba / San Antonio del Sur Valley
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H028397)
2 De Wrachien, D.; Feddes, R. 2004. Global warming and drainage development: Perspective and challenges. Irrigation and Drainage, 53(3):215-224.
Drainage ; Design ; Irrigation management ; Climate change ; Global warming ; Environmental effects ; Hydrology
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H035693)
3 Lal, R.; Sivakumar, M. V. K.; Faiz, S. M. A.; Rahman, A. H. M. M.; Islam, K. R. (Eds.) 2010. Climate change and food security in South Asia. New York, NY, USA: Springer. 600p.
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Global warming ; Glaciers ; Food security ; Water storage ; Soil degradation ; Carbon cycle ; Erosion ; Solar energy ; Greenhouse effect ; Land management ; Land use ; Food production ; Population growth ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Irrigation management ; Crop production ; Rice ; Farming systems ; Cereals ; Pests ; Models ; Sea level ; Waste management ; Composting ; Forest management ; Economic impact ; Epidemiology / South Asia / India / Australia / Bangladesh / Himalayas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.19 G570 LAL Record No: H043442)
(0.38 MB)
4 Institute of Water and Sanitation Development (IWSD). 2010. 11th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 27-29 October 2010. IWRM for national and regional integration: where science, policy and practice meet: water and land. Harare, Zimbabwe: Institute of Water and Sanitation Development (IWSD). 561p.
River basins ; Water productivity ; Remote sensing ; Evapotranspiration ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Global warming ; Farmers ; Wetlands ; Rainfed farming ; Water harvesting ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Wastewater irrigation ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation programs ; Crop production ; Maize ; Indigenous knowledge ; Weather forecasting ; Indicators ; Wetlands ; Ecosystems ; Economic evaluation ; Households ; Income ; Soil moisture ; Monitoring ; Models ; Conservation tillage ; Sedimentation ; Runoff ; Erosion ; Livestock ; Drought ; Decision making / Africa / Africa South of Sahara / Malawi / South Africa / Uganda / Swaziland / Zimbabwe / Botswana / Tanzania / Southern Africa / Limpopo River Basin / Shire Valley / Roswa Dam / Enhlanzeni District / Salima District / Lifuwu Irrigation Scheme / Mulanje District / Nessa Village / Karonga District / Muyeleka Village / Lake Malawi / Kampala District / Wakiso District / Lubigi Wetland / Lower Usuthu Smallholder Irrigation Project / Okavango River Basin / Victoria Falls / Zambezi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043407)
http://www.waternetonline.ihe.nl/11thSymposium/WaterandLandFullPapers2010.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043407.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043407.pdf
(15.02 MB) (20.13 MB)
5 Joshi, P. K.; Priyanka, N.; Amarnath, Giriraj. 2011. Geospatial tools to assess forest ecosystems under climate change trajectories. In Joshi, P. K.; Singh, T. P. (Eds.). Geoinformatics for climate change studies. New Delhi, India: The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) pp.129-176.
Remote sensing ; GIS ; Climate change ; Forests ; Ecosystems ; Phenology ; Ecology ; Greenhouse gases ; Models ; Vegetation ; Mountains ; Wildfires ; Invasive species ; Global warming ; Environmental temperature ; Land use ; Land cover / Nepal / Eastern Himalayas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 621.3678 G000 JOS Record No: H044291)
(4.65 MB)
6 Joshi, P. K.; Singh, T. P. 2011. Geoinformatics for climate change studies. New Delhi, India: The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). 470p.
Remote sensing ; GIS ; Climate change ; Environmental temperature ; Global warming ; Models ; Mountains ; Glaciers ; Forests ; Ecosystems ; Phenology ; Mapping ; Sea level ; Water management ; Evapotranspiration ; Land degradation ; Satellite imagery ; Natural disasters ; Landslides ; Flooding ; Wildfires ; Risk reduction ; Research ; Greenhouse gases ; Vegetation ; Invasive species ; River basins ; Health hazards ; Waterborne diseases ; Diarrhoea ; Malaria ; Land degradation ; Data analysis / South Africa / Nigeria / Bangladesh / Morocco / Germany / Thailand / Malaysia / Australia / Eastern Cape Province / Mooi River Basin / Weida River Basin / Murray Darling River Basin / Thuringia / Chang Mai / Kanchanaburi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 621.3678 G000 JOS Record No: H044290)
(0.33 MB)
7 Pearce, D.; Barbier, E.; Markandya, A.; Barrett, S.; Turner, R. K.; Swanson, T. 1991. Blueprint 2: greening the world economy. London, UK: Earthscan; London, UK: London Environmental Economics Centre. 232p.
Environmental economics ; Ethics ; Environmental degradation ; Population growth ; Deforestation ; Aid ; Financing ; Biodiversity conservation ; Ozone depletion ; Global warming
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.72 G000 PEA Record No: H044408)
(0.22 MB)
8 Lacombe, Guillaume; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Hoanh, Chu Thai. 2013. Wetting tendency in the Central Mekong Basin consistent with climate change-induced atmospheric disturbances already observed in East Asia. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 111(1-2):251-263. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0654-6]
River basins ; Climate change ; Global warming ; Rainfall patterns ; Rainfed farming ; Dry season ; Wet season ; Crop production / Southeast Asia / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044857)
(0.44 MB)
Regional and local trends in rainfall intensity, frequency, seasonality, and extremes were analyzed in the central Mekong Basin in continental Southeast Asia over the period 1953–2004 using the modified Mann–Kendall test, accounting for long-term persistence and the regional average of the Kendall’s statistic. Regionally significant and insignificant wetting tendencies of the dry and wet seasons, respectively, were found to be consistent with rainfall alterations in the neighboring southeastern part of China and attributed by previous studies to the weakening of the East Asia Summer and Winter Monsoons. These observations suggest the existence of causal links between global warming and rainfall changes observed in continental Southeast Asia. Although these changes most likely did not alter agricultural production, they confirm the need to account for climate change impacts when assessing water resources availability in this region under rapid economic development.
9 Lacombe, Guillaume; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Hoanh, Chu Thai. 2013. Possible link between global warming and rainfall trends in the Mekong Basin. [Abstract only]. In German Aerospace Center (DLR); Germany. Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Mekong Environmental Symposium, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 5-7 March 2013. Abstract volume, Topic, 05 - Mekong Basin hydrology and hydrography. Wessling, Germany: German Aerospace Center (DLR); Bonn, Germany: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) pp.63.
Climate change ; Global warming ; Rain ; River basins ; Food production / South East Asia / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045753)
http://www.mekong-environmental-symposium-2013.org/frontend/file.php?id=3020&dl=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045753.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045753.pdf
(0.08 MB) (2.09MB)
Assessing the impacts of global warming on rainfall is crucial in the Mekong region where food production mostly relies on rainfed agriculture. Changes in rainfall in recent decades, and their possible associations to climate change, remain poorly understood in Southeast Asia. Spatial and temporal rainfall variability, observed at various scales, often explain the apparent inconsistencies between previous rainfall trend analyses. To address these problems, we used a trend detection test able to discriminate multiyear variability and long-term unidirectional trends in rainfall time series. Regional testing enabled the detection of significant synoptic disturbances that remain insignificant at the local level because of the high variability of small-scale rainfall events. Regional and local trends in rainfall intensity, frequency, seasonality, and extremes were analysed in the central Mekong Basin over the period 1953-2004. Our results indicate that dry season rainfall has significantly increased in frequency (more rainy days) and intensity (higher cumulative rainfall depths). A significant positive trend was also observed in the annual number of rainy days. Although statistically insignificant, wet season rainfall followed the same pattern of change. These regional changes were found to be consistent with rainfall alterations already observed in the neighbouring south-eastern part of China and attributed to the weakening of the East Asia Summer and Winter Monsoons. Consistency in rainfall changes observed in Continental Southeast Asia and in South-Eastern China, suggests that these two neighbouring regions have been subject to the same alterations in large-scale atmospheric circulation previously attributed to global warming. These observations suggest that human-induced climate change has started to alter rainfall patterns in the Mekong Basin, confirming the need to account for a non-stationary climate when assessing the water resource availability in this region.
10 Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir. (Eds.) 2016. The Volta River Basin: water for food, economic growth and environment. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 281p. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
River basin management ; Economic growth ; Water resources ; Water governance ; Water use ; Water power ; Water quality ; Water balance ; Water scarcity ; Water availability ; Water policy ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Drinking water ; International waters ; Wastewater treatment ; Domestic consumption ; Industrial uses ; Climate change ; Flood control ; Drought ; Socioeconomic environment ; Poverty ; Living standards ; Food security ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural development ; Crops ; Urban development ; Industrial development ; Ecosystem services ; Environmental flows ; Public health ; Intensification ; Population density ; Economic aspects ; Farmland ; Food composition ; Riparian zones ; Meteorological stations ; Infrastructure ; Gender ; Legislation ; Energy generation ; Dams ; Global warming ; Emission ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Case studies / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ivory Coast / Ghana / Mali / Togo / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047720)
11 Meng, Y.; Liu, J.; Wang, Z.; Mao, G.; Wang, K.; Yang, H. 2021. Undermined co-benefits of hydropower and irrigation under climate change. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 167:105375. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105375]
Hydropower ; Hydroelectric power generation ; Irrigation water ; Water supply ; River basins ; Dam construction ; Climate change ; Global warming ; Water demand ; Energy ; Food security ; Nexus ; Rice ; Models / Cambodia / Thailand / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050238)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092134492030690X/pdfft?md5=f75c9af18cfb3f7dc59ecfefa5c7bee5&pid=1-s2.0-S092134492030690X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050238.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050238.pdf
(6.67 MB) (6.67 MB)
Dam construction is mostly aimed for multiple functions, including irrigation water provision, hydropower, and some others that bring substantial social benefits. However, global warming impacts on the interaction of the positive outcomes of damming remain little known, particularly in terms of the sustainability of their co-benefits, whereby investigating the different impacts of global warming scenarios of 1.5 °C and 2 °C has been a hotspot in water resources and energy research worldwide. This study used an integrative analysis based on a hydrological, techno-economic and agricultural modeling framework to evaluate the effects of global warming scenarios of 1.5 °C and 2 °C on the co-benefits between hydropower and irrigation in the Mekong River basin. The results show the declined hydropower generation and irrigation water supply in the Mekong River basin under 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming scenarios. The co-benefits between the hydropower and the irrigation is more undermined by the global warming of 2 °C relative to 1.5 °C in the Mekong River basin. Moreover, the changes of co-benefits are sensitive to the consideration of the protected areas in the basin. With the consideration of the protected areas, the co-benefits would be enhanced by 2 °C global warming compared to 1.5 °C global warming. Therefore, it is critical for decision-makers to consider the tradeoffs between the environment and dam construction for ensuring energy and food security under global warming scenarios.
12 Yaduvanshi, A.; Nkemelang, T.; Bendapudi, R.; New, M. 2021. Temperature and rainfall extremes change under current and future global warming levels across Indian climate zones. Weather and Climate Extremes, 31:100291. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2020.100291]
Climate change ; Extreme weather events ; Temperature ; Rain ; Precipitation ; Global warming ; Forecasting ; Climatic zones ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Models / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050339)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094720303042/pdfft?md5=e868c50a48a440b49b3974bdac993b9f&pid=1-s2.0-S2212094720303042-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050339.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050339.pdf
(20.30 MB) (20.3 MB)
Mean surface temperature is projected to rise by about 4.4 °C by the end of the century compared to the period between 1976 and 2005 when following the most extreme scenario of the greenhouse gas emissions pathway (Krishnan et al., 2020). With this rise in mean temperature, there is a lot of uncertainty on how weather and climate extremes would unfold, especially for various climate zones of India. It is therefore essential that the potential changes in both magnitude and direction of weather and climate extremes at the regional level when the global temperature reaches the different warming levels from 1 °C to 3 °C be established to allow for informed policy formulation.
The present study explores the potential changes in the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices of rainfall and temperature estimated from the coupled model inter-comparison project CMIP5 multi-model ensemble over different climatic zones of India at 1 °C, 1.5 °C, 2 °C, 2.5 °C and 3 °C global temperature rise relative to pre-industrial levels under two Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Projected changes in temperature extremes indicate significant changes at all warming levels across the nine climate zones of India. Hot temperature extremes are expected to increase while cold temperature extremes decrease. For India, country average at 3 °C under the RCP8.5 and 2 °C under the RCP4.5 scenarios, ensemble median shows that Warm Spell Duration Index will increase by 131 days and 66 days; hot days increase by 44% and 52%, warm nights increase by 23% and 13%; cold days decrease by 10% and 9%, and cold nights decrease by 13% and 12% relative to pre-industrial levels. The greatest changes in temperature based indices are projected in the colder northern parts of the country followed by the arid zone. Ensemble median for rainfall indices shows an increase in high precipitation indices, though with large model spread indicating the large uncertainties in the projections. Annual total precipitation and heavy rainfall related extreme indices show statistically significant increases in the tropical, temperate and semi-arid regions of India, moving from 1 °C to 3 °C warming level under RCP8.5 scenario whereas there is generally no significant change in the maximum number of consecutive dry and wet days.
Moreover, the potential changes in climate extremes at the regional level are expected to have far-reaching impacts on the social and economic statuses of the respective climate zones. This information at a regional scale also calls attention to the national and state action plan on climate change and adaptation to be more responsive in order to take coherent and integrated policy decisions.
The present study explores the potential changes in the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices of rainfall and temperature estimated from the coupled model inter-comparison project CMIP5 multi-model ensemble over different climatic zones of India at 1 °C, 1.5 °C, 2 °C, 2.5 °C and 3 °C global temperature rise relative to pre-industrial levels under two Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Projected changes in temperature extremes indicate significant changes at all warming levels across the nine climate zones of India. Hot temperature extremes are expected to increase while cold temperature extremes decrease. For India, country average at 3 °C under the RCP8.5 and 2 °C under the RCP4.5 scenarios, ensemble median shows that Warm Spell Duration Index will increase by 131 days and 66 days; hot days increase by 44% and 52%, warm nights increase by 23% and 13%; cold days decrease by 10% and 9%, and cold nights decrease by 13% and 12% relative to pre-industrial levels. The greatest changes in temperature based indices are projected in the colder northern parts of the country followed by the arid zone. Ensemble median for rainfall indices shows an increase in high precipitation indices, though with large model spread indicating the large uncertainties in the projections. Annual total precipitation and heavy rainfall related extreme indices show statistically significant increases in the tropical, temperate and semi-arid regions of India, moving from 1 °C to 3 °C warming level under RCP8.5 scenario whereas there is generally no significant change in the maximum number of consecutive dry and wet days.
Moreover, the potential changes in climate extremes at the regional level are expected to have far-reaching impacts on the social and economic statuses of the respective climate zones. This information at a regional scale also calls attention to the national and state action plan on climate change and adaptation to be more responsive in order to take coherent and integrated policy decisions.
13 Beirne, J.; Renzhi, N.; Volz, U. 2021. Bracing for the typhoon: climate change and sovereign risk in Southeast Asia. Sustainable Development, 15p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2199]
Climate change ; Risk ; Extreme weather events ; Natural disasters ; Resilience ; Vulnerability ; Global warming ; Public finance ; Gross national product ; Policies ; Macroeconomics / South East Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050391)
(2.76 MB) (2.76 MB)
This article investigates and empirically tests the link between climate change and sovereign risk in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian countries are among those most heavily affected by climate change. The number and intensity of extreme weather events in the region have been increasing markedly, causing severe social and economic damage. Southeast Asian economies are also exposed to gradual effects of global warming as well as transition risks stemming from policies aimed at mitigating climate change. To empirically examine the effect of climate change on the sovereign risk of Southeast Asian countries, we employ indices for vulnerability and resilience to climate change and estimate country-specific OLS models for six countries and a fixed effects panel using monthly data for the period 2002–2018. Both the country-specific and the panel results show that greater climate vulnerability appears to have a sizable positive effect on sovereign bond yields, while greater resilience to climate change has an offsetting effect, albeit to a lesser extent. A higher cost of debt holds back much-needed investment in public infrastructure and climate adaptation, increases the risk of debt sustainability problems, and diminishes the development prospects of Southeast Asian countries.
14 Fan, X.; Miao, C.; Duan, Q.; Shen, C.; Wu, Y. 2021. Future climate change hotspots under different 21st century warming scenarios. Earth’s Future, 9(6):e2021EF002027. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002027]
Climate change ; Forecasting ; Global warming ; Extreme weather events ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Emission ; Models ; Uncertainty ; Indicators / Central Africa / West Africa / Southern Africa / Central America / Arctic Region / Indonesia / Tibetan Plateau / Amazon
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050397)
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2021EF002027
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050397.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050397.pdf
(4.65 MB) (4.65 MB)
Identifying climate change hotspot regions is critical for planning effective mitigation and adaptation activities. We use standard Euclidean distance (SED) to calculate integrated changes in precipitation and temperature means, interannual variability, and extremes between different future warming levels and a baseline period (1995–2014) using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate model ensemble. We find consistent hotspots in the Amazon, central and western Africa, Indonesia and the Tibetan Plateau at warming levels of 1.5 °C, 2 °C and 3 °C for all scenarios explored; the Arctic, Central America and southern Africa emerge as hotspots at 4 °C warming and at the end of the 21st century under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. CMIP6 models show higher SED values than CMIP5, suggesting stronger aggregated effects of climate change under the new scenarios. Hotspot time of emergence (TOE) is further investigated; TOE is defined as the year when the climate change signal first exceeds the noise of natural variability in 21st century projections. The results indicate that TOEs for warming would occur over all primary hotspots, with the earliest occurring in the Arctic and Indonesia. For precipitation, TOEs occur before 2100 in the Arctic, the Tibetan Plateau and Central America. Results using a geographical detector model show that patterns of SED are shaped by extreme hot and dry occurrences at low-to-medium warming, while precipitation and temperature means and extreme precipitation occurrences are the dominant influences under the high emission scenario and at high warming levels.
15 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Transformation of water systems for climate change adaptation and resilience. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 4p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 18) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.227]
Water systems ; Climate change adaptation ; Resilience ; Anthropogenic climate change ; Global warming ; Water management ; Frameworks ; Hydrological cycle ; Extreme weather events ; Flooding ; Drought ; Rain ; Risk ; Decision making ; Water security ; Water governance ; Participation ; Policies ; Technology ; Information systems ; Financing ; Uncertainty ; Irrigation ; Infrastructure ; Communities ; Vulnerability ; Diversity
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050721)
(2.04 MB)
16 Thiery, W.; Lange, S.; Rogelj, J.; Schleussner, C.-F.; Gudmundsson, L.; Seneviratne, S. I.; Andrijevic, M.; Frieler, K.; Emanuel, K.; Geiger, T.; Bresch, D. N.; Zhao, F.; Willner, S. N.; Buchner, M.; Volkholz, J.; Bauer, N.; Chang, J.; Ciais, P.; Dury, M.; Francois, L.; Grillakis, M.; Gosling, S. N.; Hanasaki, N.; Hickler, T.; Huber, V.; Ito, A.; Jagermeyr, J.; Khabarov, N.; Koutroulis, A.; Liu, W.; Lutz, W.; Mengel, M.; Muller, C.; Ostberg, S.; Reyer, C. P. O.; Stacke, T.; Wada, Y. 2021. Intergenerational inequities in exposure to climate extremes. Science, 374(6564):158-160. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi7339]
Extreme weather events ; Climate change ; Global warming ; Drought ; Flooding ; Cyclones ; Wildfires ; Crop losses ; Forecasting ; Vulnerability ; Emission reduction ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050714)
(1.12 MB)
Under continued global warming, extreme events such as heat waves will continue to rise in frequency, intensity, duration, and spatial extent over the next decades (1–4). Younger generations are therefore expected to face more such events across their lifetimes compared with older generations. This raises important issues of solidarity and fairness across generations (5, 6) that have fueled a surge of climate protests led by young people in recent years and that underpin issues of intergenerational equity raised in recent climate litigation. However, the standard scientific paradigm is to assess climate change in discrete time windows or at discrete levels of warming (7), a “period” approach that inhibits quantification of how much more extreme events a particular generation will experience over its lifetime compared with another. By developing a “cohort” perspective to quantify changes in lifetime exposure to climate extremes and compare across generations (see the first figure), we estimate that children born in 2020 will experience a two- to sevenfold increase in extreme events, particularly heat waves, compared with people born in 1960, under current climate policy pledges. Our results highlight a severe threat to the safety of young generations and call for drastic emission reductions to safeguard their future.
17 Dixit, S.; Tayyaba, S.; Jayakumar, K. V. 2021. Spatio-temporal variation and future risk assessment of projected drought events in the Godavari River Basin using regional climate models. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 12(7):3240-3263. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2021.093]
Drought ; Forecasting ; Risk assessment ; River basins ; Climate change ; Models ; Spatial distribution ; Precipitation ; Global warming ; Extreme weather events ; Evapotranspiration / India / Godavari River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050812)
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/12/7/3240/957824/jwc0123240.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050812.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050812.pdf
(1.50 MB) (1.50 MB)
The study focused on the Godavari River basin to understand the alteration in the drought phenomenon for future scenarios. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)-3 is calculated from Climate Research Unit 4.03 precipitation, and minimum and maximum temperatures. The drought magnitude and characteristics are determined using SPEI, which considers both precipitation and temperature data as input variables. The Mann–Kendall trend analysis is performed to identify the trend associated with drought characteristics. The basin is divided into six homogeneous regions using K-means clustering algorithm. The reliability ensemble averaging method is used for ensemble averaging of regional climate models (RCMs). The drought frequency analysis is carried out using trivariate copula for reference and future time periods. Variations in the drought characteristics are observed in the future scenarios with respect to the reference period. The drought duration, severity and peak for different climate divisions showed an increasing trend in future time period, especially in the case of RCP8.5 scenarios. The return periods of future droughts based on weighted-average RCMs under the two scenarios showed the possibility of more frequent droughts in the future (2053–2099) than in the past (1971–2017).
18 Islam, S. M. M.; Gaihre, Y. K.; Islam, Md. R.; Ahmed, Md. N.; Akter, M.; Singh, U.; Sander, B. O. 2022. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated rice cultivation through improved fertilizer and water management. Journal of Environmental Management, 307:114520. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114520]
Irrigated rice ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Emission reduction ; Irrigated farming ; Water management ; Global warming ; Fertilizers ; Nitrous oxide ; Methane emission ; Urea ; Use efficiency ; Crop management ; Integrated plant nutrient management / Bangladesh / Gazipur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050888)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479722000937/pdfft?md5=0eaa9b512d6b0a05efd7497c1b19b265&pid=1-s2.0-S0301479722000937-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050888.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050888.pdf
(0.91 MB) (928 KB)
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture sector play an important role for global warming and climate change. Thus, it is necessary to find out GHG emissions mitigation strategies from rice cultivation. The efficient management of nitrogen fertilizer using urea deep placement (UDP) and the use of the water-saving alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation could mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduce environmental pollution. However, there is a dearth of studies on the impacts of UDP and the integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) which combines poultry manure and prilled urea (PU) with different irrigation regimes on GHG emissions, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and rice yields. We conducted field experiments during the dry seasons of 2018, 2019, and 2020 to compare the effects of four fertilizer treatments including control (no N), PU, UDP, and IPNS in combination with two irrigation systems— (AWD and continuous flooding, CF) on GHG emissions, NUE and rice yield. Fertilizer treatments had significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects with irrigation regimes on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. PU reduced CH4 and N2O emissions by 6% and 20% compared to IPNS treatment, respectively under AWD irrigation, but produced similar emissions under CF irrigation. Similarly, UDP reduced cumulative CH4 emissions by 9% and 15% under AWD irrigation, and 9% and 11% under CF condition compared to PU and IPNS treatments, respectively. Across the year and fertilizer treatments, AWD irrigation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced cumulative CH4 emissions and GHG intensity by 28%, and 26%, respectively without significant yield loss compared to CF condition. Although AWD irrigation increased cumulative N2O emissions by 73%, it reduced the total global warming potential by 27% compared to CF irrigation. The CH4 emission factor for AWD was lower (1.67 kg ha-1 day-1) compared to CF (2.33 kg ha-1 day-1). Across the irrigation regimes, UDP increased rice yield by 21% and N recovery efficiency by 58% compared to PU. These results suggest that both UDP and AWD irrigation might be considered as a carbon-friendly technology.
19 van Eck, C. W.; Feindt, P. H. 2022. Parallel routes from Copenhagen to Paris: climate discourse in climate sceptic and climate activist blogs. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 24(2):194-209. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2021.2000376]
Climate change ; International agreements ; UNFCCC ; Conferences ; Policies ; Social aspects ; Environmental factors ; Global warming ; Scientists
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050981)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1523908X.2021.2000376
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050981.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050981.pdf
(1.78 MB) (1.78 MB)
The Copenhagen climate summit in 2009 was a watershed moment in the international climate change discourse, reinforcing controversy and polarization between climate sceptics and climate activists. Simultaneously, the blogosphere, known as a place for polarized mobilization, became a proliferating forum for both camps. Building on Dryzek’s and Carvalho’s conceptualization of environmental discourse, this paper analyses how ideological polarization is grounded in climate sceptics’ and climate activists’ blogs between COP15 and COP21. We investigated ten climate sceptic and climate activist blogs accessible in the UK. Qualitative-quantitative analysis of 357 blog posts revealed contrasting ontological and epistemological worlds in the climate change controversy. Four storylines were identified in the climate sceptical discourse – ‘hoax’, ‘no scientific evidence’, ‘climate sceptical science’, and ‘injustice’ – and five storylines in the climate activist discourse – ‘action’, ‘social justice’, ‘disaster strikes’, ‘potential catastrophe’, and ‘opportunity’. Implications for policy, practice and future research are provided.
20 Dembele, Moctar; Vrac, M.; Ceperley, N.; Zwart, Sander J.; Larsen, J.; Dadson, S. J.; Mariethoz, G.; Schaefli, B. 2022. Contrasting changes in hydrological processes of the Volta River Basin under global warming. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 26(5):1481-1506. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1481-2022]
River basins ; Hydrological cycle ; Global warming ; Hydrological modelling ; Climate change ; Forecasting ; Water availability ; Hydroclimate ; Climatic zones ; Spatial variation ; Datasets / West Africa / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051026)
https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/26/1481/2022/hess-26-1481-2022.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051026.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051026.pdf
(4.33 MB) (4.33 MB)
A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of climate change on water resources of the West Africa Volta River basin is conducted in this study, as the region is expected to be hardest hit by global warming. A large ensemble of 12 general circulation models (GCMs) from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that are dynamically downscaled by five regional climate models (RCMs) from the Coordinated Regional-climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa is used. In total, 43 RCM–GCM combinations are considered under three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). The reliability of each of the climate datasets is first evaluated with satellite and reanalysis reference datasets. Subsequently, the Rank Resampling for Distributions and Dependences (R2D2) multivariate bias correction method is applied to the climate datasets. The bias-corrected climate projections are then used as input to the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM) for hydrological projections over the 21st century (1991–2100).
Results reveal contrasting dynamics in the seasonality of rainfall, depending on the selected greenhouse gas emission scenarios and the future projection periods. Although air temperature and potential evaporation increase under all RCPs, an increase in the magnitude of all hydrological variables (actual evaporation, total runoff, groundwater recharge, soil moisture, and terrestrial water storage) is only projected under RCP8.5. High- and low-flow analysis suggests an increased flood risk under RCP8.5, particularly in the Black Volta, while hydrological droughts would be recurrent under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, particularly in the White Volta. The evolutions of streamflow indicate a future delay in the date of occurrence of low flows up to 11 d under RCP8.5, while high flows could occur 6 d earlier (RCP2.6) or 5 d later (RCP8.5), as compared to the historical period.
Disparities are observed in the spatial patterns of hydroclimatic variables across climatic zones, with higher warming in the Sahelian zone. Therefore, climate change would have severe implications for future water availability with concerns for rain-fed agriculture, thereby weakening the water– energy–food security nexus and amplifying the vulnerability of the local population. The variability between climate models highlights uncertainties in the projections and indicates a need to better represent complex climate features in regional models. These findings could serve as a guideline for both the scientific community to improve climate change projections and for decision-makers to elaborate adaptation and mitigation strategies to cope with the consequences of climate change and strengthen regional socioeconomic development.
Results reveal contrasting dynamics in the seasonality of rainfall, depending on the selected greenhouse gas emission scenarios and the future projection periods. Although air temperature and potential evaporation increase under all RCPs, an increase in the magnitude of all hydrological variables (actual evaporation, total runoff, groundwater recharge, soil moisture, and terrestrial water storage) is only projected under RCP8.5. High- and low-flow analysis suggests an increased flood risk under RCP8.5, particularly in the Black Volta, while hydrological droughts would be recurrent under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, particularly in the White Volta. The evolutions of streamflow indicate a future delay in the date of occurrence of low flows up to 11 d under RCP8.5, while high flows could occur 6 d earlier (RCP2.6) or 5 d later (RCP8.5), as compared to the historical period.
Disparities are observed in the spatial patterns of hydroclimatic variables across climatic zones, with higher warming in the Sahelian zone. Therefore, climate change would have severe implications for future water availability with concerns for rain-fed agriculture, thereby weakening the water– energy–food security nexus and amplifying the vulnerability of the local population. The variability between climate models highlights uncertainties in the projections and indicates a need to better represent complex climate features in regional models. These findings could serve as a guideline for both the scientific community to improve climate change projections and for decision-makers to elaborate adaptation and mitigation strategies to cope with the consequences of climate change and strengthen regional socioeconomic development.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
