Your search found 15 records
1 Yawson, D. K.; Kashaigili, J. J.; Kachroo, R. K.; Mtalo, F. W. 2003. Modelling the Mtera-Kidatu Reservoir System to improve integrated water resources management. Hydro Africa, 16p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 627.8 G148 YAW Record No: H034169)
http://www.research4development.info/PDF/Outputs/Water/R8064-HydroAfrica-Yawson_et_al.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_34169.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_34169.pdf
2 Yawson, D. K.; Kachroo, R. K.; Kashaigili, J. J.. 2003. Failure of the Mtera-Kidatu Reservoir System in the early 1990s. Paper presented at the Ruaha+10 Seminar (1993-2003 Ten Years of the Drying of the Great Ruaha River), Sokoine University, Morogoro, Tanzania, 11-12 December 2003. 12p.
Reservoir operation ; Operating policies ; Simulation models ; Hydroelectric schemes / Tanzania / Rufiji River Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 627.8 G148 YAW Record No: H034170)
http://www.dfid.gov.uk/r4d/PDF/Outputs/Water/R8064-Ruaha10-Failure_Mtera_Kidatu-paper.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_34170.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_34170.pdf
3 Kashaigili, J. J.. 2003. Raising irrigation productivity and releasing water for intersectoral needs: Current utilization and benefits gained from wetlands in Usangu Plains. Working draft. 43p. (Report HRPWET3)
Wetlands ; Households ; Villages ; Crop production ; Farmers ; Land ownership ; Tillage ; Poverty ; Institutions ; Organizations ; Legal aspects ; Irrigated farming ; Fisheries ; Environmental policy ; Water policy ; Wildlife ; Industrialization / Tanzania / Usangu Plains
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6763 Record No: H034171)
4 Kashaigili, J. J.; Kadigi, R. M. J.; Sokile, C. S.; Mahoo, H. F. 2002. Constraints and potential for efficient inter-sectoral water allocations in Tanzania. Unpublished report. 34p.
Water allocation ; River basin management ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water policy ; Water users ; Water use / Tanzania
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6765 Record No: H040075)
http://www.research4development.info/PDF/Outputs/Water/R8064-WaterNET2002-Kashaigili_et_al.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H040075.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H040075.pdf
(0.27 MB)
5 Kashaigili, J. J.; Mahoo, H. F.; McCartney, Matthew; Lankford, B. A.; Mbilinyi, B. P.; Mwanuzi, F. L. 2005. Integrated hydrological modelling of wetlands for environmental management: the case of the Usangu wetlands in the Great Ruaha catchment. Paper presented at the East Africa Integrated River Basin Management Conference, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania, 7-9 March 2005. [Vol.1]. Funded by IWMI, and others. 12p.
River basins ; Wetlands ; Models ; Environmental effects ; Water balance ; GIS ; Remote sensing ; Water resource management / Tanzania / Usangu Plains / Ruaha River Catchment
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G132 SOK Record No: H037501)
6 Kashaigili, J. J.; Mbilinyi, B. P.; Mccartney, Matthew; Mwanuzi, F. L. 2006. Dynamics of Usangu plains wetlands: Use of remote sensing and GIS as management decision tools. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 31:967-975.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.918 G148 KAS Record No: H039394)
7 Kashaigili, J. J.; McCartney, Matthew; Mahoo, H. F.; Lankford, B. A.; Mbilinyi, B. P.; Yawson, D. K.; Tumbo, S. D. 2006. Use of a hydrological model for environmental management of the Usangu Wetlands, Tanzania. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 39p. (IWMI Research Report 104) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.104]
Wetlands ; Rivers ; Ecology ; Environmental effects ; Remote sensing ; Hydrology ; Simulation models ; Water budget ; Irrigated sites ; Land cover ; Time series analysis / Tanzania / Usangu Wetlands / Great Ruaha River
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G148 KAS Record No: H039649)
(852KB)
This report presents the findings of a study to assess changes to flows into, and downstream of, the Usangu Wetlands, located in the headwaters of the Great Ruaha River, Tanzania. Hydrological data, in conjunction with remote sensing techniques, were used to provide insights into changes that have occurred to the Eastern Wetland. Results indicate that, between 1958 and 2004, inflows to the wetland declined by about 70 percent in the dry season months (July to November) as a consequence of increased human withdrawals, primarily for irrigation.
8 Kashaigili, J. J.; McCartney, Matthew; Mahoo, H. F. 2007. Estimation of environmental flows in the Great Ruaha River Catchment, Tanzania. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 32:1007-1014.
Rivers ; Ecosystems ; Catchment areas ; Hydrology ; Water requirements ; Wetlands ; National parks / Tanzania / Great Ruaha River / Ruaha National Park / Rufiji River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 551.483 G148 KAS Record No: H040358)
9 Sokile, C. S.; Kashaigili, J. J.; Kadigi, R. M. J. 2003. Towards an integrated water resource management in Tanzania: the role of appropriate institutional framework in Rufiji Basin. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 28: 1015–1023.
Water resource management ; Institutions ; Water user associations ; Water rights ; Water law / Tanzania / Rufiji Basin / Usangu Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041070)
Over the past 50 years, changes in the intersectoral water use in the Rufiji Basin have been enormous. A growing human population, migration and increasing demands in the basin have culminated this change. The basin, however, still lack an appropriate integrated management approach. This has resulted into inter- institutional conflicts, ineffectiveness, gaps in management imperatives and duplication of efforts. This paper reviews the existing institutional linkages identifies the gap and proposes an appropriate institutional framework which involve questions of institutional arrangements and the assignment of responsibilities among various levels of development, ensures stakeholders participation, accommodates adaptive change and remain self sustainable. The basic argument of this paper is that water management issue is both a question of developing stakeholders’ participation and transferring state’s competence to water user associations. Such an endeavour requires a complete and complex institutional framework, which would define clearly the role and rule of each stakeholder in water resource management. The paper further argues that; in Tanzania, the institutions that are involved in water management are loosely connected and lack basic coordination and are often at the periphery of the water management agenda––divorced from the water management programs; the predominance of isolated institutions locked up in narrowly defined activities with no interactive learning process will continue to hamper national aspirations to manage water; and that to change this situation will require innovative reforms in national institutions and institutional learning.
10 Kashaigili, J. J.; Mahoo, H. F.; McCartney, Matthew; Lankford, B. A.; Mbilinyi, B. P.; Mwanuzi, F. L. 2005. Integrated hydrological modelling of wetlands for environmental management: the case of the Usangu wetlands in the Great Ruaha catchment. In Lankford, B. A.; Mahoo, H. F. (Eds.). Proceedings of East Africa Integrated River Basin Management Conference, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania, 7 – 9 March 2005. Theme two: environmental flow assessment. Morogoro, Tanzania: Soil-Water Management Research Group, Sokoine University of Agriculture. pp.87-99.
River basins ; Wetlands ; Models ; Environmental effects ; Water balance ; GIS ; Remote sensing ; Water resource management / Tanzania / Usangu Plains / Ruaha River catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: CD Col Record No: H041152)
Knowledge of wetland hydrology and quantification of water inputs and outputs are Prerequisites to understanding wetland environments and determining their vulnerability to change. To get a better understanding of the dynamics of wetland change in the Usangu Plains, a study was conducted to: a) investigate the effects of human interventions on the wetlands, and b) determine the amount of dry season inflow required to maintain environmental flows downstream of the wetlands. The study integrated hydrologic data, remote sensing and GIS techniques to study the dynamics and spatial response of the wetlands. A monthly water balance model was developed for the wetlands to determine the major components of the water budget. The results of the analyses indicate that the wetlands have changed appreciably in size over recent years and the inflow volumes have decreased with time as a result of increased human interventions. The dry season vegetated swamp cover, a major component of the swamp, decreased by 67% over the 16 years from 1984 to 2000. If this trend continues, it is possible that the wetlands will undergo a change which will be extremely difficult to reverse. Downstream of the wetlands an environmental flow of 0.5 m3/s was estimated. To maintain this outflow, the corresponding inflow volume into the wetlands was estimated to be 7m3/s. To achieve this, the available dry season water resource will have to be divided 20% for anthropogenic needs and 80% for the environment to feed the wetland. The study has demonstrated the need for integrated water resources management to balance the demands between different sectors and enable appropriate catchment interventions to ensure the sustainability of wetland resources.
11 Mwamakamba, S. N.; Sibanda, L. M.; Pittock, J.; Stirzaker, R.; Bjornlund, H.; van Rooyen, A.; Munguambe, P.; Mdemu, M. V.; Kashaigili, J. J.. 2017. Irrigating Africa: policy barriers and opportunities for enhanced productivity of smallholder farmers. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):824-838. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321531]
Irrigated farming ; Smallholders ; Farmers organizations ; Water policy ; Government managed irrigation systems ; Productivity ; Water use ; Water governance ; Institutions ; Market access ; Seeds ; Farm equipment ; Land tenure / Africa South of Sahara / Mozambique / Tanzania / Zimbabwe / Magozi Irrigation Scheme / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Mkoba Irrigation Scheme / Silalatshani Irrigation Scheme / 25 de Setembro Irrigation Scheme / Khanimambo Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048121)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321531?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTcuMTMyMTUzMT9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048121.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048121.pdf
(1.41 MB) (1.41 MB)
African governments have ambitious plans to expand irrigated agriculture, though existing smallholder schemes have largely failed to use land and water sustainably or become profitable. Six government-owned irrigation schemes in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe were assessed to identify common policy barriers and opportunities for higher productivity among smallholder farmers. Issues like insecure land tenure systems, unclear institutional arrangements and poor access to markets have contributed to limited profitability. Reform of currently insecure land tenure, strengthening farmer organizations and reforming policies are recommended so that governments step back from scheme management and foster market linkages to enable more profitable irrigated agriculture.
12 Mdemu, M. V.; Mziray, N.; Bjornlund, H.; Kashaigili, J. J.. 2017. Barriers to and opportunities for improving productivity and profitability of the Kiwere and Magozi irrigation schemes in Tanzania. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):725-739. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1188267]
Irrigation schemes ; Productivity ; Profitability ; Barriers ; Financing ; Markets ; Water supply ; Water governance ; Food security ; Crop production ; Farmers ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Farm equipment ; Infrastructure ; Advisory officers ; Access to information / Tanzania / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Magozi Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048143)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2016.1188267?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTYuMTE4ODI2Nz9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048143.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048143.pdf
(1.51 MB) (1.51 MB)
Irrigation is a key strategy for food security and poverty alleviation among small farmers in Tanzania. However, the potential of irrigation to improve food security is limited by multiple barriers. This article discusses these barriers within the Kiwere and Magozi schemes. Results indicate that water supply barriers are caused by poor irrigation infrastructure and management. Lack of finance is also a critical barrier to increasing overall productivity. Finance affects farmers’ timely access to adequate supply of quality inputs and machinery and availability of transport to access inputs and profitable markets. There is evidence that these barriers have to be addressed holistically.
13 Kolusu, S. R.; Shamsudduha, M.; Todd, M. C.; Taylor, R. G.; Seddon, D.; Kashaigili, J. J.; Ebrahim, Girma Y.; Cuthbert, M. O.; Sorensen, J. P. R.; Villholth, Karen G.; MacDonald, A. M.; MacLeod, D. A. 2019. The El Nino event of 2015-2016: climate anomalies and their impact on groundwater resources in East and Southern Africa. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 23: 1751-1762. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1751-2019]
El Nino ; Groundwater management ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Climate change ; Rainfall ; Drought ; Water balance ; Water levels ; Surface water ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Satellite imagery ; Satellite observation / East Africa / SouthernAfrica / Limpopo Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049164)
https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/23/1751/2019/hess-23-1751-2019.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049164.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049164.pdf
(2.80 MB)
The impact of climate variability on groundwater storage has received limited attention despite widespread dependence on groundwater as a resource for drinking water, agriculture and industry. Here, we assess the climate anomalies that occurred over Southern Africa (SA) and East Africa, south of the Equator (EASE), during the major El Niño event of 2015–2016, and their associated impacts on groundwater storage, across scales, through analysis of in situ groundwater piezometry and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data. At the continental scale, the El Niño of 2015–2016 was associated with a pronounced dipole of opposing rainfall anomalies over EASE and Southern Africa, north–south of ~12° S, a characteristic pattern of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Over Southern Africa the most intense drought event in the historical record occurred, based on an analysis of the cross-scale areal intensity of surface water balance anomalies (as represented by the standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index – SPEI), with an estimated return period of at least 200 years and a best estimate of 260 years. Climate risks are changing, and we estimate that anthropogenic warming only (ignoring changes to other climate variables, e.g. precipitation) has approximately doubled the risk of such an extreme SPEI drought event. These surface water balance deficits suppressed groundwater recharge, leading to a substantial groundwater storage decline indicated by both GRACE satellite and piezometric data in the Limpopo basin. Conversely, over EASE during the 2015–2016 El Niño event, anomalously wet conditions were observed with an estimated return period of ~10 years, likely moderated by the absence of a strongly positive Indian Ocean zonal mode phase. The strong but not extreme rainy season increased groundwater storage, as shown by satellite GRACE data and rising groundwater levels observed at a site in central Tanzania. We note substantial uncertainties in separating groundwater from total water storage in GRACE data and show that consistency between GRACE and piezometric estimates of groundwater storage is apparent when spatial averaging scales are comparable. These results have implications for sustainable and climate-resilient groundwater resource management, including the potential for adaptive strategies, such as managed aquifer recharge during episodic recharge events.
14 Bellwood-Howard, I.; Thompson, J.; Shamsudduha, M.; Taylor, R. G.; Mosha, D. B.; Gebrezgi, Gebrehaweria; Tarimo, A. K. P. R.; Kashaigili, J. J.; Nazoumou, Y.; Tiekoura, O. 2022. A multicriteria analysis of groundwater development pathways in three river basins in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Science and Policy, 138:26-43. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.09.010]
Groundwater management ; River basins ; Water policies ; Water governance ; Water availability ; Large-scale farming ; Small-scale farming ; Water use ; Water users ; Multiple use ; Water quality ; Environmental sustainability ; Groundwater extraction ; Stakeholders ; Communities ; Modelling ; Uncertainty / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Niger / United Republic of Tanzania / Great Ruaha Sub-Catchment / Iullemmeden Basin / Awash Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051559)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146290112200288X/pdfft?md5=4e23255036c0e457072d97d30d062c6e&pid=1-s2.0-S146290112200288X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051559.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051559.pdf
(10.10 MB) (10.1 MB)
Reliance on groundwater in Sub-Saharan Africa is growing and expected to rise as surface water resource variability increases under climate change. Major questions remain about how groundwater will be used, and who informs these decisions. We represent different visions of groundwater use by ‘pathways’: politically and environmentally embedded socio-technological regimes for governing and managing groundwater systems. We presented policy actors (9 sets), development and research stakeholders (4 sets), and water users (6 sets) in three river basins in Ethiopia, Niger and Tanzania with information on the social and environmental impacts of six ‘Groundwater Development Pathways’, before gathering their opinions on each, through Multicriteria Mapping (MCM). Participants preferred pathways of low-intensity use, incorporating multiple agricultural, pastoral and domestic purposes, to high-intensity single-use pathways. Water availability and environmental sustainability, including water quality, were central concerns. Participants recognised that all groundwater uses potentially impinge upon one another affecting both the quantity and quality of abstracted water. Across participant groups there was ambiguity about what the most important water use was; each expressed demands for more detailed, certain modelling data. Water users preferred community or municipal-scale management regimes, perceiving that water quality was more likely to be safeguarded by institutions at these levels, whereas policy and development actors preferred individual-scale management, viewed as more efficient in terms of operation and maintenance. We conclude that MCM, combined with more detailed modelling, can provide an effective framework for policy actors to understand other stakeholders’ perspectives on groundwater development futures, enabling equitable, inclusive decision-making and governance.
15 Chandrasekharan, Kiran M.; Villholth, Karen G.; Kashaigili, J. J.; Gebregziabher, Gebrehaweria; Mandela, P. J. 2023. Land cover changes in the Upper Great Ruaha (Tanzania) and the Upper Awash (Ethiopia) river basins and their potential implications for groundwater resources. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 49p. (IWMI Research Report 184) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2023.212]
Land cover change ; River basins ; Groundwater ; Water resources ; Land cover mapping ; Land use change ; Human settlements ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigated areas variety ; Grasslands ; Woodlands ; Forest plantations ; Wetlands ; Catchment areas ; Vegetation index ; Moisture index ; Remote sensing ; Landsat ; Satellite imagery ; Datasets ; Algorithms ; Trends ; Climate change ; Urbanization / Africa South of Sahara / United Republic of Tanzania / Ethiopia / Upper Great Ruaha River Basin / Upper Awash River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H052252)
(3.58 MB)
Over the past century, the world has experienced an unprecedented surge in population growth, accompanied by a significant increase in economic activity and fuelled by an intensive utilization of natural resources, including water. This phenomenon has brought about profound alterations in land cover and land use patterns across various regions. Knowledge of land use changes is key to unlocking an understanding of water use changes and associated impacts on water resources, and potential threats to sustainability. However, the pace and nature of land use transitions vary widely across the globe, shaped by a complex interplay of local, regional and global factors, making systematic assessments important. This report presents the results of a land cover change analysis conducted in two river basins in sub-Saharan Africa: the Upper Great Ruaha River Basin (UGRRB) in Tanzania and the Upper Awash River Basin (UARB) in Ethiopia. The spatio-temporal analysis spans a recent 15-20-year period up until 2015/16 and utilizes remote sensing imagery, secondary maps and ground truth information for the two end point times (resolution: 30 m). The basins are significantly different in terms of agricultural development and water resource use. UARB represents an area with emerging commercial farms, urban expansion and diminishing natural vegetation, whereas UGRRB still retains significant natural vegetation but is experiencing an increase in smallholder agriculture as well as intensive commercial irrigation potentially affecting fragile wetland systems. In UGRRB, surface water is the main source of irrigation water, while in UARB, groundwater resources are increasingly used for irrigation by smallholder farmers. The findings reveal a common overall trend in both basins that is similar to many low-income countries, illustrating an expansion of agricultural and irrigated areas and human settlements at the expense of natural land cover. The report presents a detailed systematic remote sensing-based methodology to quantify and compare land cover transitions in time and space with high resolution, within and between agricultural landscapes of larger basins. The study highlights that land cover changes in the basins follow diverse and unique trajectories, providing critical insights into evolving land use patterns. In its conclusion, the study underscores the profound implications of recent land use changes for groundwater resources within these agro-pastoral systems. Overall, the report highlights the importance of sustainable land management and integrated water resources management, and provides valuable insights into the complexities of land use change in these regions.
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