Your search found 16 records
1 Latif, M.; Masih, I.. 2000. Sustainability of community tubewells: An experience of SCARP-I. In Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET); International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute (IWASRI); International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). Proceedings, National Seminar on Drainage in Pakistan, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 16-18 August 2000. [Vol. 1] Lahore, Pakistan: Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); Sindh, Pakistan: Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET); Lahore, Pakistan: International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute (IWASRI); Lahore, Pakistan: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). pp.53-64.
Water resource management ; Tube wells ; Sustainability ; Communal irrigation systems ; Common property ; Water users ; Groundwater management ; Drainage ; Waterlogging ; Salinity ; Water table / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.62 G730 IIM Record No: H027114)
2 Qureshi, A. S.; Masih, I.. 2002. Modeling the effects of conjunctive water management on secondary salinization. In Qureshi, A. S.; Bhatti, A.; Jehangir, W. A. (Eds.), Sustaining surface and groundwater resources: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Conjunctive Water Management for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture in South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan, April 16-17, 2002. Lahore, Pakistan: IWMI. pp.73-81.
Models ; Conjunctive use ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Water management ; Salinity control ; Water quality ; Irrigation water / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Rechna Doab
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G570 QUR Record No: H031193)
(0.41)
3 Qureshi, A. S.; Masih, I.. 2003. Managing soil salinity through conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater: A simulation study. In ICID Asian Regional Workshop, Sustainable Development of Water Resources and Management and Operation of Participatory Irrigation Organizations, November 10-12, 2003, The Grand Hotel, Taipei. Vol.1. Taipei, Taiwan: ICID. pp.233-248.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: ICID 631.7.2 G570 ICI Record No: H033349)
4 Qureshi, A. S.; Masih, I.. 2002. Sustaining land and water productivity in the Indus Plains of Pakistan. In Pakistan Water Partnership. Papers presented by Pakistani delegation in First South Asia Water Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal, 26-28 February 2002. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). pp.97-105.
Irrigation practices ; Drainage ; Productivity ; Groundwater ; Waterlogging ; Salinity ; Wheat ; Rice ; Groundwater ; Salt water intrusion / Pakistan / Indus Plains
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G730 PAK Record No: H034106)
(0.65 MB)
5 Qureshi, A. S.; Murray-Rust, H.; Masih, I.. 2002. An analytical approach to estimate groundwater pumpage. In Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). Second South Asia Water Forum, 14-16 December 2002, Islamabad, Pakistan. Proceedings, vol.1. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). pp.1-11.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G570 PAK Record No: H034120)
6 Qureshi, A. S.; Akhtar, M.; Masih, I.; Bilal, M. 2002. Sustaining groundwater boom: protecting food security and small holders livelihoods in Punjab, Pakistan. In Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). Second South Asia Water Forum, 14-16 December 2002, Islamabad, Pakistan. Proceedings, vol.1. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). pp.103-115.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G570 PAK Record No: H034130)
7 Asghar, Muhammad Nadeem; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Ahmad, S.; Masih, I.. 2004. Root zone salinity management for sustaining crop production in saline groundwater areas. In Asghar, Muhammad Nadeem; Yasin, M.; Alam, M. M.; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar (Eds.), Root zone salinity management using fractional skimming wells with pressurized Irrigation: Proceedings of the Project-End Workshop 2003. Lahore, Pakistan: IWMI. pp.59-70.
Salinity control ; Crop production ; Groundwater ; Tube wells ; Aquifers ; Models / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G730 ASG Record No: H036194)
(0.95 MB)
8 Masih, I.. 2011. Understanding hydrological variability for improved water management in the semi-arid Karkheh Basin, Iran. Thesis. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press. 182p.
Water management ; Hydrological factors ; River basins ; Water allocation ; Water availability ; Water accounting ; Stream flow ; Climate ; Rain ; Runoff ; Simulation models ; Precipitation ; Case studies ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G690 MAS Record No: H043956)
http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:f6a01310-2d46-43b8-8bbd-a728087de307/PHD_THESIS_MASIH-202pag-vs310511-lowres.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043956.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043956.pdf
(2.30 MB) (2.30MB)
9 Masih, I.. 2011. Understanding hydrological variability for improved water management in the semi-arid Karkheh Basin, Iran. Thesis. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press. 182p.
Water management ; Hydrological factors ; River basins ; Water allocation ; Water availability ; Water accounting ; Stream flow ; Climate ; Rain ; Runoff ; Simulation models ; Precipitation ; Case studies ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: D 333.91 G690 MAS c2 Record No: H044101)
http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:f6a01310-2d46-43b8-8bbd-a728087de307/PHD_THESIS_MASIH-202pag-vs310511-lowres.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043956.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043956.pdf
(2.30MB)
10 Ahmad, M. D.; Masih, I.; Giordano, Mark. 2014. Constraints and opportunities for water savings and increasing productivity through Resource Conservation Technologies in Pakistan. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 187:106-115. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.07.003]
Water saving ; Water productivity ; Resource conservation ; Technology ; Cropping systems ; Rice ; Wheat ; Tillage ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water use ; Water balance / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046050)
(1.91 MB)
Increasing the productivity of rice–wheat cropping systems is critical for meeting food demand in rapidly growing South Asia. But this must be done with increasingly scarce water resources, bringing greater attention to Resource Conservation Technologies (RCTs) such as zero tillage, laser land leveling and furrow bed planting. While the impacts of RCTs on yields are easy to measure and explain, impacts on water savings are not well understood beyond the field scale because of the complex movement of water. This paper uses both physical measurements and farmer survey data from the rice–wheat cropping system of Punjab, Pakistan to explain the main drivers of RCT adoption and their impacts on land and water productivity and water savings across scales. The primary drivers for RCT adoption (zero tillage wheat and laser land leveling) were reduced costs of production and labor requirements, reduced field scale irrigation water application, and higher yield. While the large proportion of farmers benefiting from RCTs explains overall increases in RCT adoption, a considerable proportion (30% of zero tillage adopters for wheat cultivation) reported yield loss, highlighting the need for further technological refinement and enhancing farmers’ ability to implement RCT. The study also indicates that the field scale reduction in irrigation application did not always translate into real water savings or reductions in water use at farm, cropping system and catchment scales, especially in areas where deep percolation from the root zone could be reused as groundwater irrigation. Finally, the evidence shows that medium and large farmers tended to use the field scale irrigation savings to increase their cropped area. This finding suggests that without regulations and policies to regulate the use of “saved” water, adoption of RCTs can result in overall increased water use with implications for the long-term sustainability of irrigated agriculture.
11 Mersha, A. N.; de Fraiture, C.; Mehari, A.; Masih, I.; Alamirew, T. 2016. Integrated water resources management: contrasting principles, policy, and practice, Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. Water Policy, 18(2):335-354. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.049]
Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water policy ; River basins ; Water authorities ; Institutional reform ; Strategies ; Planning ; Water users ; Stakeholders ; Regulations ; Environmental effects / Ethiopia / Awash River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047559)
(0.60 MB)
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been a dominant paradigm for water sector reform worldwide over the past two decades. Ethiopia, among early adopters, has developed a water policy, legislations, and strategy per IWRM core principles. However, considerable constraints are still in its way of realization. This paper investigates the central challenges facing IWRM implementation in the Awash Basin analyzing the discrepancy between IWRM principles, the approach followed in Ethiopia and its practice in the Awash Basin. A decade and a half since its adoption, the Ethiopian IWRM still lacks a well-organized and robust legal system for implementation. Unclear and overlapping institutional competencies as well as a low level of stakeholders’ awareness on policy contents and specific mandates of implementing institutions have prevented the Basin Authority from fully exercising its role as the prime institute for basin level water management. As a result, coordination between stakeholders, a central element of the IWRM concept, is lacking. Insufficient management instruments and planning tools for the operational function of IWRM are also among the major hurdles in the process. This calls for rethinking and action on key elements of the IWRM approach to tackle the implementation challenges.
12 Fadul, E.; de Fraiture, C.; Masih, I.. 2018. Risk propagation in spate irrigation systems: a case study from Sudan. Irrigation and Drainage, 67(3):363-373. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2218]
Irrigation systems ; Flooding ; Flash flood ; Risk assessment ; Water supply ; Uncertainty ; Water user associations ; Water distribution ; Farmers attitudes ; Case studies ; Models / Sudan / Gash Agricultural Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048831)
(1.01 MB)
Farmers in flood-based irrigation systems face great uncertainties with respect to water supply. Using the Source–Pathways– Receptor and Consequence (SPRC) framework, this paper explores the sources of risks, propagation pathways, risk perceptions and consequences for the farmers, water users’ associations (WUAs) and water managers in the Gash Agricultural Scheme in Sudan. The main source of risk is the extreme variability of rainfall, causing unpredictable flows regarding volume, timing and duration. The farmers, WUAs and system managers perceive the risks from floods differently. The farmers are primarily concerned by low floods, while the WUAs are more disturbed by untimely floods. The system managers are most troubled by high and potentially destructive floods. The poor state of the infrastructure, lack of proper maintenance and suboptimal operation aggravate the consequences of unpredictable flows. Consequently, the result is low and highly variable crop production. Besides paying attention to infrastructure improvement and regular operation and maintenance activities, more efforts in institutional arrangements and policy support could play an important role in coping with the risks indicated. The SPRC appeared to be a useful framework for analysing risks at different spatial scales and for different stakeholders in the spate irrigation system studied.
13 Ahmad, Q.-u.-A.; Biemans, H.; Moors, E.; Shaheen, N.; Masih, I.. 2021. The impacts of climate variability on crop yields and irrigation water demand in South Asia. Water, 13(1):50. (Special issue: Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variability of Water Resources) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13010050]
Climate change ; Crop yield ; Irrigation water ; Water demand ; River basins ; Crop production ; Wheat ; Rice ; Water availability ; Water stress ; Crop water use ; Precipitation ; Temperature / South Asia / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Indus River Basin / Ganges River Basin / Brahmaputra River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050188)
(2.58 MB) (2.58 MB)
Accurate (spatio-temporal) estimation of the crop yield relation to climate variables is essential in the densely populated Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra (IGB) river basins of South Asia for devising appropriate adaptation strategies to ensure regional food and water security. This study examines wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa) crop yields’ sensitivity to primary climate variables (i.e., temperature and precipitation) and related changes in irrigation water demand at different spatial (i.e., province/state, districts and grid cell) and temporal (i.e., seasonal and crop growth phase) scales. To estimate the climate driven variations in crop yields, observed and modelled data applying the Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed Land (LPJmL) model are used for six selected study sites in the IGB river basins over the period 1981–2010. Our statistical analysis underscores the importance of impacts assessments at higher spatio-temporal scales. Our grid cell (aggregated over study sites) scale analysis shows that 27–72% variations in wheat and 17–55% in rice crop yields are linked with temperature variations at a significance level of p < 0.001. In the absence of irrigation application, up to 39% variations in wheat and up to 75% variations in rice crop yields are associated with precipitation changes in all study sites. Whereas, observed crop yields show weak correlations with temperature at a coarser resolution, i.e., up to 4% at province and up to 31% at district scales. Crop yields also showed stronger sensitivity to climate variables at higher temporal scale (i.e., vegetative and reproductive phases) having statistically strong negative relationship with temperature and positive with precipitation during the reproductive phase. Similarly, crop phase-specific variations in climate variables have considerable impacts (i.e., quantity and timing) on irrigation water demand. For improved crop water planning, we suggest integrated climate impact assessments at higher spatio-temporal scales which can help to devise appropriate adaptation strategies for sustaining future food demand.
14 Mersha, A. N.; de Fraiture, C.; Masih, I.; Alamirew, T. 2021. Dilemmas of integrated water resources management implementation in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia: irrigation development versus environmental flows. Water and Environment Journal, 35(1):402-416. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/wej.12638]
Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Environmental flows ; Irrigation ; River basins ; Food security ; Sustainable development ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water use ; Water allocation ; Stakeholders ; Policies ; Institutions ; Legal aspects ; Social aspects ; Political aspects ; Awareness ; Ecosystems / Ethiopia / Awash River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050256)
(2.08 MB)
Environmental flows allocation is an intrinsic part of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). This paper analyses socio-political issues and effects of environmental flows integration on water availability under the context of increased agricultural intensification in an effort to tackle food insecurity. Lack of appropriate framework comprising the procedural requirements and strategic directions as well as prevalence of politically motivated ad hoc development programmes are among major challenges identified. Introducing environmental flows to a perceived satisfactory level would result in a significant increase of unmet irrigation water demand, yet, “productivity first” norm overtakes. This is presumed to be due to skewed focus on irrigation expansion and low awareness on the possible consequences. The particular challenges highlighted generally unveil the inherent contradictions in the IWRM concept putting its claim that the set of principles and entire course stand universally accepted as a means to balance socio-economic and environmental outcomes under question.
15 Fadul, E.; de Fraiture, C.; Masih, I.. 2021. Flexibility as a strategy to cope with uncertain water supply in spate irrigation. Irrigation and Drainage, 16p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2608]
Water supply ; Irrigation systems ; Coping strategies ; Uncertainty ; Flooding ; Modernization ; Decision making ; Traditional methods ; Rivers ; Sediment ; Farmers / Sudan / Gash Agricultural Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050429)
(1.96 MB)
Unpredictable flash floods in ephemeral rivers are the water source for spate irrigation systems. An important element in the success and sustainability of spate irrigation systems is their ability to cope with highly uncertain water supply and high sediment load. Flexibility is considered one of the key ingredients of coping strategies. However, the concept of flexibility in the context of spate irrigation systems is poorly defined. A framework to assess and operationalize flexibility in spate irrigation is lacking. In this paper we develop a conceptual framework by answering four principal questions and exploring eight flexibility characteristic features and five subfeatures. We explore the flexibility of traditional, improved and modernized spate irrigation systems to cope with high, low and untimely flood events. Flexible spate irrigation systems are highly dependent on system capabilities to deal with uncertainty and enable adjustments to change. The framework can be used as a guideline for water managers, farmers and decision makers for assessing and providing flexibility in spate irrigation systems.
16 Randeniya, A.; Radhakrishnan, M.; Sirisena, T. A. J. G.; Masih, I.; Pathirana, A. 2022. Equity - performance trade-off in water rationing regimes with domestic storage. Water Supply, 22(5):4781-4797. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2022.188]
Water supply ; Water storage ; Domestic water ; Equity ; Water scarcity ; Water security ; Water resources ; Storage tanks ; Water availability ; Hydraulic models ; Households / Sri Lanka / North Western Province / Puttalam / Kakkapalliya Water Supply Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051517)
https://iwaponline.com/ws/article-pdf/22/5/4781/1076534/ws022054781.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051517.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051517.pdf
(0.90 MB) (916 KB)
Water rationing contributes to inequalities in the water supply. Household storage tanks complicate the performance and the hydraulic modelling of these systems. Rationing is often not based on insights into system performance and fails to achieve equity and the operators struggle to explain the rationing tactics to the stakeholders. Understanding the behaviour of water networks rationed regularly is essential to resolve the supply inequalities. We present a contextual analytical framework for understanding and managing water rationing based on the duration of supply (cycle time), rationing fraction (duration of non-supply) and domestic storage to analyse the equity and performance in the water network. The framework was tested using a model of a distribution network in Kakkapalliya, Sri Lanka, under different rationing schemes. The results show that large household tanks create inequities, which can be reduced through a trade-off by increasing the cycle-time of the rationing with a minor reduction in performance. Very small or non-existent domestic storage also negatively impacts the performance and equity of stressed water networks. Resolution of supply inequalities can be achieved through the trade-off between equity and performance is possible through the operation of the water network and by the regulation of domestic storage in water rationing regimes.
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