Your search found 11 records
1 Samad, Madar; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Royo-Olid, J.; Arulingam, Indika. 2017. The political and institutional context of the water sector in Sri Lanka: an overview. Luxembourg, Europe: European Union. 92p.
Water resources ; Political aspects ; Corporate culture ; Macroeconomics ; Local government ; Economic aspects ; Water use ; Water productivity ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Water power ; Water policy ; Water budget ; Food production ; Sanitation ; Chronic course ; Kidney diseases ; Aetiology ; Environmental management ; Legal aspects ; Financial institutions ; Public investment ; State intervention ; Public administration ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Government departments ; European Union / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048221)
(2.37 MB)
2 de Silva, Sanjiv; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Arulingam, Indika; Manthrithilake, Herath. 2018. The new water: opportunities and challenges of the rise to prominence of groundwater in Sri Lanka in the face of socioeconomic and climatic change. In Mukherjee, A. (Ed.). Groundwater of South Asia. Berlin, Germany: Springer. pp.759-799.
Climatic change ; Climate change adaptation ; Socioeconomic environment ; Groundwater management ; Water governance ; Water availability ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Surface water ; Land area ; Dry season ; Rice ; Rainwater ; Water harvesting ; Water storage ; Water resources ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation schemes ; Seasonal cropping ; Poverty / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048817)
(0.73 MB)
Overall high annual precipitation in Sri Lanka belies significant spatial and temporal variation in surface water availability. The ‘dry zone’ comprising two-third of Sri Lanka’s land area receives significantly less rainfall and has high precipitation rates and a five-month dry season. Nevertheless, these regions account for the majority of rice production, the staple crop, thanks largely to the ancient hydraulic civilization based on networks of rainwater harvesting (irrigation) tanks. This manipulation of surface water resources including modern surface irrigation schemes continues to form the backbone of dry zone farming. Groundwater irrigation has remained in the shadows except in the North where surface flows are absent. This scenario is now changing as population growth; poorly maintained infrastructure; commercial agriculture; sectoral competition for water and climate change combine to exert severe pressure on surface water resources. Since the dry zone is also home to a large number of Sri Lanka’s poor households, and a close association exists between high poverty clusters and access to irrigation, the implications of water insecurity for a range of poverty indicators are clear. Not surprisingly, these pressures have prompted an increasing recourse to groundwater in several parts of the dry zone, as governments and farmers recognize the imperative to increase agriculture output, promote crop diversification, and improve agrarian incomes. Yet, with limited groundwater potential, limited detailed knowledge of this resource, and under-developed groundwater-oriented institutions, it is far from certain whether future groundwater exploitation can steer away from anarchy.
3 Suhardiman, Diana; de Silva, Sanjiv; Arulingam, Indika; Rodrigo, Sashan; Nicol, Alan. 2019. Review of water and climate adaptation financing and institutional frameworks in South Asia. Background Paper 3. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 110p. (Climate Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.204]
Water resources development ; Water demand ; Water availability ; Water quality ; Water management ; Water supply ; Water institutions ; Water scarcity ; Water governance ; International waters ; Climate change adaptation ; Flooding ; Drought ; Rainfall ; Economic situation ; Financing ; Funding ; Costs ; Landscape ; Decision making ; Planning ; Energy resources ; Food security ; Food production ; Hydropower ; Surface water ; Groundwater depletion ; Integrated management ; Population growth ; Poverty ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Domestic water ; Cooperation ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Government agencies ; Risk management ; Irrigation systems ; Coastal area ; Stakeholders / South Asia / Sri Lanka / Nepal / Bangladesh / India / Pakistan / Afghanistan / Bhutan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049186)
(1.55 MB)
4 Sood, Aditya; Nicol, Alan; Arulingam, Indika. 2019. Unpacking the water-energy-environment-food nexus: working across systems. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 43p. (IWMI Working Paper 186) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.210]
Food production ; Food security ; Energy generation ; Energy sources ; Water availability ; Water security ; Water institutions ; Water policy ; Water governance ; Nexus ; Ecosystem services ; Stakeholders ; Socioeconomic environment ; Environmental impact assessment ; Risk management ; Sustainability ; Legislation ; Resource management ; Resource allocation ; Decision making
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049196)
(1.28 MB)
The increasing demand for water, energy and food, and the interdependence of these systems could lead to potential human conflict in the future. This was seen in the food crisis of 2008, which stirred a renewed interest in taking a "systems" approach to managing resources. The initial flurry of activities led to many nexus frameworks, but there remains a gap between theory and its implementation. This paper tries to look at various frameworks and unpacks the concept of nexus in order to develop matrices to help quantify and understand the interlinkages between the nexus systems. It suggests multi-level and multi-system indices to measure the health of nexus systems and to identify the weak links. It is hoped that such frameworks can be used at country level, and eventually be used to measure and rank countries on the health of their systems. The paper suggests a questionnaire that can be used (after modifying for local conditions) to collect country-level institutional and political-economy data (which is difficult to get from online resources) to be used in the framework.
5 Aheeyar, Mohamed; de Silva, Sanjiv; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Arulingam, Indika. 2019. Unpacking barriers to socially inclusive weather index insurance: towards a framework for inclusion. Water, 11(11):2235. (Special issue: Selected Papers from 2019 World Water Week) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112235]
Weather hazards ; Agricultural insurance ; Flooding ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Gender equity ; Gender equality ; Women ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Socioeconomic environment ; Landlessness ; Strategies ; Microfinance ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Case studies ; Villages / India / Bangladesh / Bihar / Sirajganj
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049374)
(0.29 MB) (296 KB)
Floods account for a majority of disasters, especially in South Asia, where they affect 27 million people annually, causing economic losses of over US$1 billion. Climate change threatens to exacerbate these risks. Risk transfer mechanisms, such as weather index insurance (WII) may help buffer farmers against these hazards. However, WII programs struggle to attract the clients most in need of protection, including marginalized women and men. This risks re-enforcing existing inequalities and missing opportunities to promote pro-poor and gender-sensitive development. Key questions, therefore, include what factors constrain access to WIIs amongst heterogeneous communities, and how these can be addressed. This paper contributes to that end through primary data from two WII case studies (one in India, the other in Bangladesh) that identify contextual socio-economic and structural barriers to accessing WII, and strategies to overcome these. More significantly, this paper synthesizes the case study findings and those from a review of the literature on other WII initiatives into a framework to promote a systematic approach to address these challenges: an important step forward in moving from problem analysis to remedial action. The framework highlights actions across WII product design, implementation and post-implementation, to minimize risks of social exclusion in future WII schemes.
6 Arulingam, Indika; Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Debevec, Liza. 2019. Youth participation in small-scale fisheries, aquaculture and value chains in Africa and the Asia-Pacific. Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems. 66p. (CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems Program Report: FISH-2019-14)
Small-scale fisheries ; Youth employment ; Participation ; Aquaculture ; Value chains ; Fishers ; Gender ; Women's empowerment ; Access to information ; Education ; Land access ; Financing ; Income generation ; Policies ; Strategies ; Technology ; Living standards ; Decision making ; Social status ; Working conditions ; State intervention ; Stakeholders ; International organizations ; Economic aspects ; Political aspects ; Agricultural sector ; Ecosystems / Africa / Asia and the Pacific / Egypt / Nigeria / United Republic of Tanzania / Zambia / Bangladesh / Cambodia / Myanmar / Solomon Islands
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049615)
https://digitalarchive.worldfishcenter.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12348/3937/5872a0e98fae8e846953753d08558376.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049615.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049615.pdf
(10.00 MB) (10.0 MB)
IWMI, a managing partner of FISH, conducted an assessment of youth participation in SSF, aquaculture and value chains between November 2017 and May 2018. The assessment was conducted in Africa and the Asia-Pacific, with a particular focus on the FISH focal countries of Egypt, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zambia in Africa and Bangladesh, Cambodia, Myanmar and Solomon Islands in the Asia-Pacific. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the participation of youth in fisheries and aquaculture, including opportunities and challenges for participation, (ii) understand what WorldFish and key partners (government organizations, nongovernmental organizations [NGOs] and others) are doing in the focal countries in relation to youth participation, and (iii) (based on the former two points) provide potential areas for further research that could support improved youth participation in aquaculture, SSF and value chains. In this report, definitions of SSF and aquaculture are adopted from WorldFish.
7 Joshi, Deepa; Gallant, Bryce; Hakhu, Arunima; de Silva, Sanjiv; McDougall, C.; Dubois, M.; Arulingam, Indika. 2021. Ramsar Convention and the wise use of wetlands: rethinking inclusion. Ecological Restoration, 39(1-2):36-44. (Special issue: Restoration for Whom, by Whom?) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.01-02.36]
Wetlands ; Conventions ; Gender ; Women ; Political ecology ; Inclusion ; Policies ; Social aspects ; Ecological factors ; Governance ; Guidelines ; Local communities
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050500)
(0.22 MB) (226 KB)
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands emphasizes the “wise use” of wetlands by conserving the ecological character of wetlands while managing the socio-economic value these landscapes hold for different stakeholders. Reviewing the Convention obligations, resolutions, and guidelines through a feminist political ecology lens, we find them to be overtly simplistic and technocratic. A deliberately generic framing of socio-ecological interrelations and of economic trade-offs between wetland uses and users obscures broader political and social contexts which shape complex nature-society interrelations in the use, management, and governance of wetlands. Poverty, the cultural significance of wetlands—particularly for indigenous communities—and gender equality have only recently been considered in wetlands management and governance guidelines and interventions. These recent additions provide little insight on the power imbalances which shape plural values, meanings, experiences, and voices in wetlands use and governance, especially for the most marginalized of wetlands users. We welcome the call for a “reformulation” of a socio-ecological approach to managing and governing wetlands, but caution that unless wetlands governance structures and processes are re-politicized, changes in policies and approaches will likely remain rhetorical.
8 Arulingam, Indika; Brady, G.; Chaya, M.; Conti, M.; Kgomotso, P. K.; Korzenszky, A.; Njie, D.; Schroth, G.; Suhardiman, Diana. 2022. Small-scale producers in sustainable agrifood systems transformation. Rome, Italy: FAO. 34p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0821en]
Agricultural production ; Smallholders ; Participation ; Governance ; Information exchange ; Sustainable livelihoods ; Food security
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051435)
(4.56 MB) (4.56 MB)
9 Huambachano, M.; Arulingam, Indika; Bowness, E.; Korzenszky, A.; Mungai, C.; Termine, P.; Wittman, H. 2022. Knowledge networks to support youth engagement in sustainable food systems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6:867344. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.867344]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051436)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.867344/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051436.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051436.pdf
(0.34 MB) (343 KB)
Young people are on the front lines of transforming agriculture and food systems, coping with the social and economic impacts of COVID-19 as well as environmental and climate change effects which are likely to accelerate and intensify during their lifetimes. At the same time, young people across global contexts are increasingly emerging as visible agents of change in food systems, especially through networks that create, transform, and distribute food systems knowledge. This policy and practice review examines the role of youth as actors through food systems knowledge networks. Increasing youth participation in creating sustainable food systems for the future requires policies and practices that support food systems-related knowledge in two ways: (1) democratizing formal education systems; and (2) strengthening horizontal networks of grassroots research and innovation, including through traditional, ecological, local and community knowledge (TELCK). Food systems policies should be developed through dialogue with diverse knowledge systems, experiences, place-based needs, and aspirations of young people to maximize their participation in food systems policy development and evaluation.
10 Opola, Felix Ouko; Langan, Simon; Arulingam, Indika; Schumann, C.; Singaraju, N.; Joshi, Deepa. 2023. Beyond the digital divide: a multi-dimensional approach to enabling digital inclusivity in food, land, and water systems. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Digital Innovation. 29p.
Digital technology ; Social inclusion ; Frameworks ; Indicators ; Food systems ; Land resources ; Water systems ; Digital divide ; Social structure ; Participation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052344)
(358 KB)
In what is proclaimed as the ‘fourth industrial revolution’, digital innovation is thought to have the potential to provide solutions to key challenges facing food production and consumption together with the support of sustainability of the underpinning support of land, and water systems. Nowhere is this more the case in less-industrialised countries, which largely have agrarian based economies. Applications of digital innovations include faster and more reliable communication, better collection, analysis, and storage of data, enhancing democratic processes and transparency in governance, affordable financial services and can provide the basis for decision support. However, there is a risk that people with less formal education and skills and little resource endowments as well as particular groups of people such as women will be excluded from participating or benefiting from digital innovation, the so-called digital divide. In addition, there is a risk that people, communities, and societies may be disadvantaged or harmed by digital innovation processes. Digital inclusivity within food, land and water systems are approaches in digital innovation need to include the differing needs and resources of men, women, youth, indigenous communities who produce most the world’s food in smallholder land holdings. Here we provide the state-of-the-art evidence from peer reviewed literature and other literature in support of these statements. On the basis of this and our wider anecdotal experience we present, a holistic multi-dimensional framework for digital inclusivity. The aim of the digital inclusivity index (and supporting tools) is to provide a resource to guide to transform and change development and application of digital innovations. Specifically, it provides governments, funders, researchers, and development agencies a framework on how to assess, minimise and lessen exclusion from digital innovation. This is achieved through increasing awareness of the characteristics of digital exclusion, recognising the needs of the actors that they target with digital interventions which are more inclusive, making interventions more participatory and mitigating any potential harm that can be caused by digital innovation. We also argue that the approach to digital innovation needs to be set within the context of a wide ranging ‘digital ecosystem’ where different actors contribute knowledge and resources, and digital innovation goes beyond the adoption and use of technologies to include changes in preexisting social arrangement and institutions.
11 Opola, Felix Ouko; Langan, Simon; Singaraju, N.; Arulingam, Indika; Schumann, C.; Jacobs-Mata, Inga; Nortje, Karen. 2023. An index for enabling socially inclusive digital innovation processes in food, land, and water systems. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Digital Innovation. 13p.
Digital technology ; Innovation ; Social inclusion ; Food systems ; Land resources ; Water systems ; Guidelines ; Stakeholders ; Participatory approaches ; Indicators
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052346)
(264 KB)
Currently metrics for assessing digital inclusivity focus on evaluating the outcomes of digital innovation rather than the process of developing such innovations. Digital inclusivity has five different dimensions, spanning both technical and social aspects, and therefore requires a holistic approach to attain. We propose a digital inclusivity index as a holistic and standard guideline for enabling digital inclusivity in food land and water systems. Since formal research and development is skewed towards the Global North, such an index may embody the perspectives and interests of organisations based in the Global North, and will therefore require testing, validation and co-development with stakeholders based in the Global South.
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