Your search found 18 records
1 Yaya, S.; Otu, A.; Labonte, R. 2020. Globalisation in the time of COVID-19: repositioning Africa to meet the immediate and remote challenges. Globalization and Health, 16:51. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00581-4]
Globalization ; Coronavirus disease ; Pandemics ; Economic policies ; Governance ; Public health ; Socioeconomic impact ; Trade agreements ; Funding ; Political aspects / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049842)
https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12992-020-00581-4
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049842.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049842.pdf
(0.55 MB) (560 KB)
The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new climate of uncertainty which is fuelling protectionism and playing into nationalist narratives. Globalisation is under significant threat as governments scramble to reduce their vulnerability to the virus by limiting global trade and flows of people. With the imposition of border closures and strict migration measures, there have been major disruptions in Africa’s global supply chains with adverse impacts on employment and poverty. The African economies overly reliant on single export-orientated industries, such as oil and gas, are expected to be severely hit. This situation is further aggravated by tumbling oil prices and a lowered global demand for African non-oil products. The agricultural sector, which should buffer these shocks, is also being affected by the enforcement of lockdowns which threaten people’s livelihoods and food security. Lockdowns may not be the answer in Africa and the issue of public health pandemic response will need to be addressed by enacting context-specific policies which should be implemented in a humane way. In addressing the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 on African nations, we argue that governments should prioritize social protection programmes to provide people with resources to maintain economic productivity while limiting job losses. International funders are committing assistance to Africa for this purpose, but generally as loans (adding to debt burdens) rather than as grants. G20 agreement so suspend debt payments for a year will help, but is insufficient to fiscal need. Maintaining cross-border trade and cooperation to continue generating public revenues is desirable. New strategies for diversifying African economies and limiting their dependence on external funding by promoting trade with a more regionalised (continental) focus as promoted by the African Continental Free Trade Agreement, while not without limitations, should be explored. While it is premature to judge the final economic and death toll of COVID-19, African leaders’ response to the pandemic, and the support they receive from wealthier nations, will determine its eventual outcomes.
2 Fragaszy, S. R.; Jedd, T.; Wall, N.; Knutson, C.; Belhaj Fraj, M.; Bergaoui, K.; Svoboda, M.; Hayes, M.; McDonnell, Rachael. 2020. Drought monitoring in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: participatory engagement to inform early warning systems. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS), 101(7):E1148-E1173. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0084.1]
Drought ; Environmental monitoring ; Early warning systems ; Participatory approaches ; Participatory research ; Stakeholders ; Private sector ; Government agencies ; Farmers ; Water scarcity ; Indicators ; Hydrological factors ; Remote sensing ; Agriculture ; Socioeconomic impact ; Information exchange / Middle East / North Africa / Morocco / Tunisia / Lebanon / Jordan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049576)
https://journals.ametsoc.org/bams/article-pdf/101/7/E1148/4986216/bamsd180084.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049576.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049576.pdf
(2.80 MB) (2.80 MB)
When drought hits water-scarce regions, there are significant repercussions for food and water security, as well as serious issues for the stability of broader social and environmental systems. To mitigate these effects, environmental monitoring and early warning systems aimed at detecting the onset of drought conditions can facilitate timely and effective responses from government and private sector stakeholders. This study uses multistage, participatory research methods across more than 135 interviews, focus groups, and workshops to assess extant climatic, agricultural, hydrological, and drought monitoring systems; key cross-sector drought impacts; and drought monitoring needs in four countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: Morocco, Tunisia, Lebanon, and Jordan. This extensive study of user needs for drought monitoring across the MENA region is informing and shaping the ongoing development of drought early warning systems, a composite drought indicator (CDI), and wider drought management systems in each country. Overarching themes of drought monitoring needs include technical definitions of drought for policy purposes; information-sharing regimes and data-sharing platforms; ground-truthing of remotely sensed and modeled data; improved data quality in observation networks; and two-way engagement with farmers, organizations, and end-users of drought monitoring products. This research establishes a basis for informing enhanced drought monitoring and management in the countries, and the broad stakeholder engagement can help foster the emergence of effective environmental monitoring coalitions.
3 Sathaiah, M.; Chandrasekaran, M. 2020. A bio-physical and socio-economic impact analysis of using industrial treated wastewater in agriculture in Tamil Nadu, India. Agricultural Water Management, 241:106394. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106394]
Industrial wastewater ; Water reuse ; Socioeconomic impact ; Impact assessment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water quality ; Irrigated farming ; Water availability ; Cropping patterns ; Livestock ; Income ; Wells ; Groundwater ; Soil quality / India / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049844)
(5.25 MB)
Wastewater has high potential for reuse in agriculture; to reduce the water scarcity problems, for increasing food and environmental security, avoiding direct pollution of rivers, canals, surface water, conserving water and nutrients, etc. The study revealed that the water availability increased significantly during both the rainy season and summer in the open wells as well as the new bore wells sunk in the study area. The area cultivated increased by 24.65 per cent along with change in cropping pattern – changing over from coarse cereals namely; sorghum and pearl millet to commercial crops such as; coconut and fodder grass as inter-crops, beside fodder sorghum in the study area in the current period as a result of use of treated wastewater for irrigation. The livestock activity also moved towards more cattle in place of small animals such as; sheep and goats. The land value per hectare remained higher at Rs. 19.76 lakhs in treated wastewater irrigated farms compared to that of the control farms at Rs. 6.42 lakhs. The employment generation through crop activities in the treated wastewater irrigated farms were higher by 129.79 per cent compared to control farms. The treated wastewater irrigated farms could save farm yard manure and N and P nutrients by 5.02 tons, 270.22 kg. and 31.04 kg., respectively. The net income per hectare increased by 9.32 per cent and 1.42 per cent, respectively, compared to the pre-industry period and the net income in control farms. Even while the pH, EC and salt load remained at permissible levels in soil, the salt loads were found moving towards upper permissible limit or exceeding limits in the case of ground water. The positive externalities while require government to bring in policy, making paper mills to treat effluent and provide for irrigation; the negative externalities when read with WHO stipulations and also on the basis of past studies to go for suitable crops which are seasonal or annual with safe transfer factors regarding heavy metals from soil/ground water to plant parts or fiber crops which are not directly consumed by humans.
4 Nadeem, A. M.; Rafique, M. Z.; Bakhsh, K.; Makhdum, M. S. A.; Huang, S. 2020. Impact of socio-economic and water access conditions on life satisfaction of rural farmers in Faisalabad district of Pakistan. Water Policy, 22(4):686-701. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.004]
Socioeconomic impact ; Water access ; Rural areas ; Farmers ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Crop water use ; Water requirements ; Water poverty ; Water scarcity ; Households ; Villages ; Living standards ; Income ; Models / Pakistan / Faisalabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049852)
(0.35 MB)
The current study is designed to see the effects of water access on the well-being of the farming community in rural areas of Pakistan. The data were collected from 300 households of ten villages in rural Faisalabad, Pakistan where the population is facing serious water quality and access issues due to industrial pollution, lack of clean water supply system and limited access to fresh water for agricultural use. We employed ordinary least square and ordered probit methods to measure the association between water access variables and households’ well-being. We found that source and quality of drinking water, access to irrigation water, and percentage of crop water requirement fulfilled, and water expenses were statistically significant influencing the households’ well-being. The study concluded that water access conditions strongly influence the life satisfaction and water access conditions must be considered in future research. Acknowledging the contribution of village-level economic activities to economic growth, a strong policy is proposed to re-evaluate the existing rural water supply strategy to enhance the households’ well-being and enhance livelihood generation among neglected pro-poor farmers in rural areas of Pakistan.
5 Ibn-Mohammed, T.; Mustapha, K. B.; Godsell, J.; Adamu, Z.; Babatunde, K. A.; Akintade, D. D.; Acquaye, A.; Fujii, H.; Ndiaye, M. M.; Yamoah, F. A.; Koh, S. C. L. 2020. A critical analysis of the impacts of COVID-19 on the global economy and ecosystems and opportunities for circular economy strategies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164:105169. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105169]
COVID-19 ; Economic systems ; Ecosystems ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Strategies ; Economic growth ; Socioeconomic impact ; Air pollution ; Carbon dioxide ; Emission reduction ; Waste management ; Energy ; Supply chains ; Policies ; Pandemics ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049986)
(9.40 MB)
The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on the 11th of March 2020, but the world is still reeling from its aftermath. Originating from China, cases quickly spread across the globe, prompting the implementation of stringent measures by world governments in efforts to isolate cases and limit the transmission rate of the virus. These measures have however shattered the core sustaining pillars of the modern world economies as global trade and cooperation succumbed to nationalist focus and competition for scarce supplies. Against this backdrop, this paper presents a critical review of the catalogue of negative and positive impacts of the pandemic and proffers perspectives on how it can be leveraged to steer towards a better, more resilient low-carbon economy. The paper diagnosed the danger of relying on pandemic-driven benefits to achieving sustainable development goals and emphasizes a need for a decisive, fundamental structural change to the dynamics of how we live. It argues for a rethink of the present global economic growth model, shaped by a linear economy system and sustained by profiteering and energy-gulping manufacturing processes, in favour of a more sustainable model recalibrated on circular economy (CE) framework. Building on evidence in support of CE as a vehicle for balancing the complex equation of accomplishing profit with minimal environmental harms, the paper outlines concrete sector-specific recommendations on CE-related solutions as a catalyst for the global economic growth and development in a resilient post-COVID-19 world.
6 Mukherjee, A. (Ed.) 2018. Groundwater of South Asia. Singapore: Springer. 799p. (Springer Hydrogeology) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3889-1]
Groundwater management ; Water resources ; Groundwater recharge ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water availability ; Water quality ; Freshwater ; Water governance ; Climate change ; Water storage ; Aquifers ; Hydrology ; Geology ; Water pollution ; Contamination ; Arsenic compounds ; Fluorides ; Coastal areas ; Salinity ; Arid zones ; Legal frameworks ; Surface water ; Water security ; Forecasting ; Investment ; Smallholders ; Socioeconomic impact / South Asia / Afghanistan / Bangladesh / Bhutan / India / Myanmar / Nepal / Pakistan / Sri Lanka / West Bengal / Bay of Bengal / Delhi / Kerala / Kashmir / Nadia / Khulna / Satkhira / Sundarbans / Bengal Basin / Kabul River Basin / Gangetic Basin / Ganges River Basin / Meghna River Basin / Indus River Basin / Brahmaputra River Basin / Farakka Barrage
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H049987)
7 Fontana, M. D.; de Araujo Moreira, F.; Di Giulio, G. M.; Malheiros, T. F. 2020. The water-energy-food nexus research in the Brazilian context: what are we missing? Environmental Science and Policy, 112:172-180. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.06.021]
Water resources ; Energy ; Food security ; Nexus ; Research ; Sustainable development ; Socioeconomic impact ; Political aspects ; Biofuels ; Hydropower ; Stakeholders ; Models / Brazil
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050005)
(2.14 MB)
The water-energy-food nexus has gained particular momentum in the fields of sustainable development and resource security in the last years. However, some scholars critically question the nexus by arguing that research is strongly shaped by western knowledge with a bias towards natural scientific, engineering and economic perspectives; whereas there is a lack of attention on local socio-political aspects and little contribution from social sciences. This paper provides a critical analysis of studies focused on the nexus in the Brazilian context or by Brazilian institutions. The main objectives are to assess whether research on the nexus in the Brazilian context shares common features with the international research; to identify the main nexus topics in this geographic context; and to examine if socio-economic challenges are considered, specifically regarding urbanization and poverty. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis, the results show that Brazilian institutions lead research on the nexus in the Brazilian context, however the contribution from the social sciences remains marginal. Furthermore, quantitative methods are predominantly used over qualitative and hybrid methods. The research largely focuses on connections between water and energy in the hydropower and biofuels sectors, and it is based on discourses of efficiency, optimization, modelling and technological innovation. In addition, scholars have so far failed to address other important issues for sustainable development in Brazil and the Global South.
8 Amoah, Philip; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Drechsel, Pay. 2021. Safe and sustainable business models for water reuse in aquaculture in developing countries. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 46p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 20) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.212]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Water reuse ; Wastewater aquaculture ; Business models ; Sustainability ; Developing countries ; Wastewater treatment ; Fishery production ; Integrated systems ; Infrastructure ; Treatment plants ; Stabilization ponds ; Public-private partnerships ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Markets ; Fisheries value chains ; Financial analysis ; Circular economy ; Cost recovery ; Fish feeding ; Nutrients ; Food safety ; Water quality ; Public health ; Risk assessment ; Socioeconomic impact ; Environmental impact ; Case studies / Ghana / Bangladesh / Kumasi / Mirzapur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050557)
(1.42 MB)
Wastewater-fed aquaculture has a long history, especially in Asia. This report examines three empirical cases of integrated wastewater treatment and aquaculture production. From an aquaculture entrepreneur’s perspective, the combination of fish farming and wastewater treatment in common waste stabilization ponds allows significant savings on capital (pond infrastructure) and running costs (wastewater supporting fish feed). On the other hand, the treatment plant owner will have the benefit of a partner taking over plant maintenance. Given the importance of food safety and related perceptions, the report is focusing on innovative business models where the marketed fish is not in direct contact with the treated wastewater, but only the brood stock or fish feed. The financial analysis of the presented systems shows profitable options for the fish farmer, operational and in part capital cost recovery for the treatment plant, and as the treatment plant operators can stop charging households a sanitation fee, eventually a triple-win situation for both partners and the served community.
9 Nasir, J.; Ashfaq, M.; Baig, I. A.; Punthakey, J. F.; Culas, R.; Ali, A.; Hassan, F. u. 2021. Socioeconomic impact assessment of water resources conservation and management to protect groundwater in Punjab, Pakistan. Water, 13(19):2672. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13192672]
Water resources ; Water conservation ; Groundwater management ; Socioeconomic impact ; Impact assessment ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural production ; Food security ; Irrigation systems ; Policies ; Sustainable development ; Farm income ; Livelihoods ; Poverty ; Stakeholders / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050662)
(3.83 MB) (3.83 MB)
Water is the most important resource; it is utilized largely in agricultural production and is fundamental to ensuring global food security. This study aims to assess sustainable water management interventions and their impact on the farm economy. To increase water productivity, the most important adaptations that have been proposed are high-efficiency irrigation systems, drought-resistant varieties, the substitution of water-intensive crops with less water-demanding crops, the mulching of soil, zero tillage, and all on-farm operations that can save water, especially ground water. The recent analysis utilized farm survey data from 469 representative farmers along with secondary statistics. The data were collected via a multi-stage sampling technique to ensure the availability of representative farm populations based on a comprehensive site selection criterion. The TOA-MD model estimates the adoption rate of a proposed adaptation based on net farm returns. The impact of high-efficiency irrigation systems and the substitution of high delta crops for low delta crops had a positive impact on net farm returns and per capita income, and a negative impact on farm poverty in the study area. It is recommended that policymakers consult farmer representatives about agricultural and water-related issues so that all the policies can be implemented properly.
10 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Circular economy solutions to close water, energy and food loops in West Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 4p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 17) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.222]
Circular economy ; Waste management ; Wastewater ; Energy generation ; Food security ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Business models ; Solid wastes ; Faecal sludge ; Organic fertilizers ; Aquaculture ; Ponds ; Public-private partnerships ; Capacity development ; Donors ; Sustainability ; Socioeconomic impact ; Health hazards ; Sanitation ; Urban areas / West Africa / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050808)
(1.70 MB)
11 Ahmed, Z.; Gui, D.; Qi, Z.; Liu, Y. 2022. Poverty reduction through water interventions: a review of approaches in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Irrigation and Drainage, 20p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2680]
Poverty reduction ; Water resources ; Rural communities ; Livelihoods ; Irrigated farming ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation schemes ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Infrastructure ; Water scarcity ; Rainwater ; Livestock ; Socioeconomic impact / Africa South of Sahara / South Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050938)
(1.11 MB)
Water is a key factor in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of poverty elimination and hunger eradication. The regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA) are stricken with absolute poverty, with 70% of the world's poor. These regions are mainly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Diverse rural livelihoods in SSA and SA demand water interventions with more fruitful and effective outcomes in terms of poverty reduction. Existing water resources are not yet fully exploited in SSA and SA as these regions have a significant potential of 43 and 169 million ha, respectively, for irrigated agriculture through various water interventions. Various water interventions to alleviate poverty through better agricultural productivity across SSA and SA have been identified in this study. Major water intervention options identified include actions to: improve rain water management in rain-fed agriculture, facilitate community-based small-scale irrigation schemes, development and management of groundwater irrigation, interventions to upgrade and modernize existing irrigation systems, facilitate and improve livestock production and promote multiple uses of water. Investment in these water interventions will certainly help to break the poverty trap across diverse rural communities of SSA and SA.
12 Fragaszy, S.; Belhaj Fraj, M.; McKee, M.; Jobbins, G.; Fayad, A.; Fakih, M.; Lawrenson, L.; McDonnell, Rachael. 2022. MENAdrought synthesis of drought vulnerability in Lebanon: final report. Project report prepared by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) for the Bureau for the Middle East of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Washington, DC, USA: USAID; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 67p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.205]
Drought ; Vulnerability ; Risk management ; Impact assessment ; Policies ; Planning ; Coping strategies ; Risk reduction ; Monitoring ; Weather hazards ; Climate change ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water availability ; Agricultural sector ; Water supply ; Water use ; Irrigation ; Infrastructure ; Groundwater ; Water scarcity ; Stakeholders ; State intervention ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Market access ; Finance ; Debt ; Political aspects ; Socioeconomic impact ; Livelihoods ; Rural communities ; Food security ; Refugees ; Women ; Labour ; Case studies / Middle East / Lebanon / Hermel / Bekaa / Litani Basin / Orontes Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051018)
(2.79 MB)
13 Khojasteh, D.; Davani, E.; Shamsipour, A.; Haghani, M.; Glamore, W. 2022. Climate change and COVID-19: interdisciplinary perspectives from two global crises. Science of the Total Environment, 844:157142. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157142]
Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Collective action ; Public opinion ; Socioeconomic impact ; Public health ; Policies ; Environmental factors ; Renewable energy ; Sustainability ; Communities
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051333)
(2.74 MB)
The repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change – two major current global crises – are far-reaching, the parallels between the two are striking, and their influence on one another are significant. Based on the wealth of evidence that has emerged from the scientific literature during the first two years of the pandemic, this study argues that these two global crises require holistic multisectoral mitigation strategies. Despite being different in nature, neither crisis can be effectively mitigated without considering their interdependencies. Herein, significant interactions between these two crises are highlighted and discussed. Major implications related to the economy, energy, technology, environment, food systems and agriculture sector, health systems, policy, management, and communities are detailed via a review of existing joint literature. Based on these outcomes, practical recommendations for future research and management are provided. While the joint timing of these crises has created a global conundrum, the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated opportunities and lessons for devising sustainable recovery plans in relation to the climate crisis. The findings indicated that governments should work collaboratively to develop durable and adjustable strategies in line with long-term, global decarbonisation targets, promote renewable energy resources, integrate climate change into environmental policies, prioritise climate-smart agriculture and local food systems, and ensure public and ecosystem health. Further, differences in geographic distributions of climate change and COVID-19 related death cases revealed that these crises pose different threats to different parts of the world. These learnings provide insights to address the climate emergency – and potential future global problems with similar characteristics – if international countries act urgently and collectively.
14 Filho, W. L.; Wolf, F.; Abubakar, I. R.; Al-Amin, A. Q.; Roy, S.; Malakar, K.; Alam, G. M. M.; Sarker, M. N. I. 2022. Understanding the socio-economic impacts of climate change on riparian communities in Bangladesh. River Research and Applications, 9p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4056]
Climate change adaptation ; Socioeconomic impact ; Riparian zones ; Communities ; Vulnerability ; Resilience ; Riverbanks ; Livelihoods ; Households ; Farmland / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051416)
(1.60 MB)
Riparian communities in developing countries such as Bangladesh, whose livelihoods depend especially on fisheries and other subsistence activities, are under considerable pressure due to climate change. Therefore, there is a need to better understand how the dynamics of riparian communities are influenced by climate change and how its impacts can be assessed. Using Bangladesh as an example, this paper describes the various climate stressors affecting riparian communities and their socio-economic impacts, and it outlines some measures needed to increase their resilience to a changing climate. The results show that riparian communities are not only quite vulnerable to the impacts of climate change but also have a rather low level of resilience. This challenge can, at least in part, be attributed to their fragile living conditions, which intensify the socio-economic impacts of extreme events. One lesson from the paper is that handling climate-induced risks in riparian communities requires implementing strategic measures to improve local climate and livelihood resilience, such as effective public health infrastructure and a resilient built environment. Win-win scenarios comprise strategies that offer multiple benefits including better water storage, flood control, and improved riparian habitats.
15 Ashraf, I.; Ahmad, S. R.; Ashraf, U.; Khan, M. 2023. Community perspectives to improve flood management and socio-economic impacts of floods at Central Indus River, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 92:103718. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103718]
Flooding ; Risk management ; Socioeconomic impact ; Stakeholders ; Non-governmental organizations ; Disaster risk reduction ; Policies ; Villages ; Floodplains ; Communities ; Vulnerability / Pakistan / Indus River / Punjab / Sindh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051913)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242092300198X/pdfft?md5=9118279990c2ce00fcd51006500c90b0&pid=1-s2.0-S221242092300198X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051913.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051913.pdf
(6.73 MB) (6.73 MB)
Pakistan suffers from floods in the main rivers of the Indus River System due to disturbed weather patterns during monsoon and snowmelt. The study aims to identify the community perspectives on the socioeconomic impacts of floods in the Central Indus River (Punjab and Sindh), Pakistan. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in three major biodiversity hotspot areas: Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary, Indus River Dolphin Reserve, and Central Indus Wetlands Complex. The questionnaire identified people's knowledge, practice, and attitude regarding floods in the area. The results were interesting as they depict that the community is fully aware of the causes and impacts of floods and migratory measures. Loss of agricultural land, displacement of the human population, and animal structures were the most common impacts on people. Government departments issued flood warnings in the area to implement flood prevention plans (movement to the safe zone like protection bund). Still, due to lack of information resources, people needed more time to get information which caused significant losses. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the area played an important role in minimizing the after-effects of floods and rehabilitating the area. This study will help to improve policies for disaster risk reduction.
16 Siabi, E. K.; Awafo, E. A.; Kabo-bah, A. T.; Derkyi, N. S. A.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Mortey, E. M.; Yazdanie, M. 2023. Assessment of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) climate scenarios and its impacts on the Greater Accra Region. Urban Climate, 49:101432. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101432]
Climate change ; Socioeconomic impact ; Assessment ; Urban areas ; Climate prediction ; Trends ; Climate models ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Policies ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities ; Goal 13 Climate action / Ghana / Greater Accra Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052016)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212095523000263/pdfft?md5=45ee630daa87c98c763c15711963ba8c&pid=1-s2.0-S2212095523000263-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052016.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052016.pdf
(22.40 MB) (22.4 MB)
The effects of climate change (CC) have intensified in Ghana, especially in the Greater Accra region over the last two decades. CC assessment under the new IPCC scenarios and consistent local station data is limited. Consequently, CC assessment is becoming difficult in data-scarce regions in Ghana. This study utilizes six different Regional Climate Models under the 6th IPCC Report’s Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (SSPs) of the CMIP6, which were bias-corrected with CMhyd over Greater Accra using ground station and PUGMF reanalysis data. The study reveals a reduction and potential shift in the intensity of precipitation in the region under the SSPs. Maximum temperature is expected to increase by 0.81–1.45 C, 0.84–1.54 C, 0.96–1.70 C and 0.98–1.73 C, while minimum temperature would likely increase by 1.33–2.02 C, 1.49–2.22 C, 1.71–4.75 C and 1.75–4.83 C under SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios, respectively. Thus, temperature will likely increase, especially at night in the near future. Rising temperatures and changes in precipitation have impacts on all strata of society, from agricultural production to power generation and beyond. These findings can help inform Ghanaian policymaking on Sustainable Development Goals 11 and 13 as well as nationally determined contributions within the Paris Agreement.
17 Mubangizi, B. C.; Okem, Andrew E.; John, S. F.; Ngubane, L. P.; Barry, I.; Adekanla, N.; Nyawo, J. C. 2023. Unpacking the reported impacts of COVID-19 in rural contexts: evidence from two rural municipalities in South Africa. African Renaissance, 20(4):135-159. [doi: http://doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2023/20n4a7]
COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Rural communities ; Vulnerability ; Socioeconomic impact ; Gender-based violence ; Food insecurity ; Health care / South Africa / Eastern Cape / Matatiele / Winnie Madikizela Mandela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052484)
(0.58 MB)
The COVID-19 pandemic, which has been primarily analysed within urban contexts, has revealed a significant gap in understanding its ramifications within rural areas. This study aims to address this gap by drawing upon the principles of Resilience Theory to shed light on the repercussions of the pandemic in rural contexts, thereby highlighting an overlooked aspect. This research employs a qualitative paradigm grounded in primary data collected from two rural municipalities, Matatiele and Winnie Madikizela Mandela Local Municipalities, in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. The primary data is derived from 11 focus group interviews involving essential stakeholders and 13 individual interviews that were purposefully selected. The study unravels a spectrum of adverse impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic across the two municipalities by thematically transcribing and coding audio records of interviews and focus groups using NVivo, employing inductive and deductive coding approaches. These impacts include employment loss, bereavement, food insecurity, and an upsurge in reported cases of gender-based violence. The pandemic’s ripples extend to cultural practices, education, and community well-being, as evidenced by the waning participation in cultural traditions, declining interest in education among school-goers, and a surge in substance abuse and criminal activities like stock theft. In light of these findings, the study advocates for customised pandemic responses in rural areas underpinned by the Resilience Theory framework. This entails endorsing enhanced healthcare infrastructure, fostering community-driven surveillance, promoting diversified livelihood strategies, and bolstering local governance structures. As the study expands our understanding, it concurrently underscores the significance of further exploration. The proposed avenue of research lies in examining how collaborative efforts among rural-based institutions can augment community resilience against the dual challenges of pandemics and disasters. Through this lens, the study emphasises the imperative of building adaptive capacity within rural communities, emphasising their ability to navigate uncertainties and emerge stronger in adversity.
18 Mekuria, Wolde; Hagos, Fitsum; Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Admasu, W.; Bitew, A. 2024. Impacts of landscape and household climate-smart water management practices in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. Synthesis report prepared by the Prioritization of Climate-smart Water Management Practices project. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 32p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2024.214]
Landscape conservation ; Water management ; Climate change adaptation ; Households ; River basins ; Watersheds ; Small-scale irrigation ; Vulnerability ; Natural resources ; Forest landscape restoration ; Livelihoods ; Gender ; Women ; Marginalization ; Social groups ; Communities ; Socioeconomic impact ; Food security ; Geographical information systems ; Remote sensing ; Flooding ; Drought / Ethiopia / Awash River Basin / Maybar-Felana Watershed / Gelana Watershed / Ewa Watershed / Afambo Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052701)
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There is growing evidence that climate-related risk is increasing, and this will affect the livelihoods of small-scale producers (SSPs), with the effects being more severe in agropastoral and pastoral farming systems. In the Awash River Basin, the vulnerability of SSPs is mounting because of anthropogenic and climatic factors. Investigating the impact of landscape management practices and the interaction of SSPs with natural resources would inform sustainable planning, implementing and managing interventions. This study was conducted in four watersheds in the Awash River Basin: Maybar-Felana, Gelana, Ewa and Afambo. The overarching objective was to assess the biophysical and socioeconomic impacts and gender dimensions of landscape management practices. The researchers also investigated the links between natural resource degradation and the vulnerability of natural resource-dependent people, and the contributions of landscape management practices to address these issues. The study analyzed data gathered through 500 household surveys, 51 key informant interviews, 96 in-depth household interviews, 36 focus group discussions, and Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. The results indicated that diverse household-, farm- and watershed-level landscape management practices were adopted in the four watersheds. The findings indicated that implementing these practices could improve natural resources and the services they provide. The adopted practices contributed to reducing livelihood vulnerability by minimizing the effects of weather extremes (floods and droughts), improving food and water security, enhancing resource availability and building livelihood assets. Practicing small-scale irrigation (SSI) has a positive and significant effect on the household Food Consumption Score (FCS) and the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). Stone bunds and SSI have a significant impact on lowering the score on the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The findings suggest that women and other marginalized groups (children, the elderly and resource-poor households) are the most affected by climate change and natural resource degradation. Government and non-government organizations recognize the needs of women and marginalized social groups in designing and implementing landscape management initiatives by prioritizing their participation in initiatives to empower them economically (e.g., involving them in income-generating activities) and socially (e.g., building social capital). Despite efforts to achieve gender equality and women’s empowerment in landscape management initiatives, women and marginalized social groups remain vulnerable and benefit less due to various factors, including social norms and limited institutional capacities. Gender norms, values and practices embedded within individuals, households, communities and institutions hinder progress. Limited institutional capacities, such as financial and human capacities remain challenges. This study offers recommendations to maximize and sustain the contributions of landscape management practices to reduce the vulnerability of SSPs.
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