Your search found 67 records
1 Wood, A.; Dixon, A.; McCartney, Matthew. 2013. Conclusions: transforming wetland livelihoods. In Wood, A.; Dixon, A.; McCartney, Matthew. (Eds.). Wetland management and sustainable livelihoods in Africa. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.258-269.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H045894)
(0.84 MB)
2 Douxchamps, S.; Debevec, Liza; Giordano, Meredith; Barron, Jennie. 2017. Monitoring and evaluation of climate resilience for agricultural development: a review of currently available tools. World Development Perspectives, 5:10-23. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2017.02.001]
Agricultural development ; Adaptation ; Monitoring ; Climate change ; Transformation ; Indicators ; Economic evaluation ; Food security ; Disaster risk management ; International organizations ; Development organizations ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Research organizations ; Assessment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048037)
Building climate resilience, defined as the ability to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from climate change in a timely and efficient manner, is becoming a major priority of development across multiple sectors. However, there is still no consensus on how resilience should be assessed despite the release of numerous theoretical papers on the topic. Various measurement frameworks and recommendations have emerged, but their applicability is yet to be critically assessed. Using a comprehensive review and a systematic selection approach, we review resilience assessment tools developed for the context of climate change and agricultural development, and their linkages to theoretical frameworks, with a particular focus on the choice of indicators and the scale and methods of measurement. Fifteen tools originating from diverse organizations were selected and evaluated according to a measurement framework. Our study finds that, while some of the tools remain embedded in classical approaches, by simply adding a resilience lens to previous tools and by recycling indicators, others demonstrate a true attempt to re-think in order to account for resilience dimensions. We conclude that for the use of resilience assessment tools, a major challenge is to ensure that simple and operational tools can address complexity. Full baseline should comprise both quantitative and qualitative data collection, and include more systemic indicators as well as indicators of stability and shocks. Changes should be tracked with regular monitoring and evaluation using simple tools based on key variables that capture short-term adaptive processes and changes in states, at the appropriate system level. Clear pathways to human well-being, including transformation, should be discussed through system-oriented approaches, to discard potential undesired resilient states. Finally, robust outcome and impact records from the use of these tools are needed to demonstrate whether the resilience concept is useful over time in driving development into more desirable paths.
3 Tran, T.; James, H. 2017. Transformation of household livelihoods in adapting to the impacts of flood control schemes in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Water Resources and Rural Development, 9:67-80. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wrr.2017.04.002]
Flood control ; Adaptation ; Living standards ; Transformation ; Households ; Attitudes ; Farming systems ; Farmers ; Deltas ; Dykes ; Case studies ; Rural communities / Vietnam / Mekong Delta / Phu Thanh B Commune / Phu Xuan Commune / Thoi Hung Commune
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048193)
(0.94 MB)
Flood control and irrigation play a significant role in supporting rice intensification and agricultural diversification in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Arising out of these mandatory policies have exhibited complicated realities surrounding the linkages between flood control schemes (dykes) and rural livelihoods. However, little has been known about how these development processes shape the social and physical landscapes of the delta, and how rural households have transformed their traditional livelihoods to adapt to change. This paper aims to investigate these household-led practices that have occurred in the wake of the scheme operation across three flood-prone areas in the delta. It employs the mixed methods approach that guides data collection using focus group discussions, in-depth interviews with key informants and household surveys. The analysis suggests that the rural communities have witnessed the dramatic transformation of livelihood practices to adapt to emerging social and environmental conditions. Household groups have devised and adopted a variety of livelihood strategies, which consequently gave rise to polarity among household groups. This study highlights the increased recognition of rural households’ role in contributing farming initiatives to the reframing process of local adaptation policies.
4 Suhardiman, Diana; Bastakoti, Ram C.; Karki, Emma; Bharati, Luna. 2018. The politics of river basin planning and state transformation processes in Nepal. Geoforum, 89: 70-76. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.07.019]
River basin management ; Political aspects ; Bureaucracy ; Transformation ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water policy ; Water institutions ; Sectoral planning ; Federalism ; Decision making ; State intervention ; Government agencies / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048868)
Since the late 1990s, river basin planning has become a central idea in water resources management and a mainstream approach supported by international donors through their water programs globally. This article presents river basin planning as a function of power and contested arena of power struggles, where state actors create, sustain, and reproduce their bureaucratic power through the overall shaping of (imagined) bureaucratic territory. It argues that river basin planning is not an antidote to current ‘dysfunction’ in water resources management, rooted in overlapping jurisdictions, fragmented decision making, and bureaucratic competitions between various government agencies. On the contrary, it illustrates how river basin planning becomes a new ‘territorial frontier’, created and depicted by different government agencies as their envisioned operational boundary and as a means to sustain and increase their bureaucratic power and sectoral decision-making authority, amidst ongoing processes of federalism in Nepal.
5 McMillan, M.; Rodrik, D.; Sepulveda, C. (Eds.) 2016. Structural change, fundamentals, and growth: a framework and case studies. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 305p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292147]
Structural change ; Economic growth ; Economic structure ; Frameworks ; Case studies ; Agricultural productivity ; Trade liberalization ; Gross national product ; Manufacturing ; Trade policies ; Industrialization ; Human capital ; Labour market ; Unemployment ; Government policy ; Private sector ; Tariffs ; Constraints ; Political aspects ; Social change ; Transformation ; Households ; Developing countries ; Urbanization / India / Vietnam / Botswana / Ghana / Nigeria / Zambia / Brazil / Gujarat / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.9 G000 MCM Record No: H049061)
https://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/131168/filename/131379.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049061.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049061.pdf
(4.12 MB) (4.12 MB)
6 Belton, B.; Filipski, M. 2019. Rural transformation in central Myanmar: by how much, and for whom? Journal of Rural Studies, 67:166-176. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.02.012]
Rural areas ; Transformation ; Agricultural mechanization ; Living standards ; Household income ; Remittances ; Remuneration ; Migration ; Agrarian structure ; Labour ; Land ownership ; Arid zones / Myanmar / Mandalay / Magway / Sagaing
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049134)
(1.42 MB)
Rural Southeast Asia is undergoing a series profound changes, often referred to as ‘rural transformation’, but recent research is divided as to whether rural transformation is underway in Myanmar. This paper addresses two empirical questions. (1) Is rural transformation taking place in Myanmar? (2) How has rural transformation affected the welfare of rural households in Myanmar's Central Dry Zone? We find evidence of significant rural transformation happening in the Dry Zone. The following features stand out: First, there has been a shift in relative economic status and power between landholders and the landless, in favor of the latter. This rebalancing has occurred mainly due to rising rural wages linked to rapid migration to urban areas. Second, widespread agricultural mechanization has taken place over the same period as migration. However, despite generating some labor savings for farm households, the labor productivity boosting effects of farm machinery appear to have produced insufficient gains to offset the effects of rural wage increases. Third, migration appears to offer the prospect of greater social and economic mobility to landless and marginal farm households. For all groups of households, including the landless, remittance incomes have more than offset income earning opportunities lost in agriculture due to mechanization. Fourth, landownership patterns, gender relations, and the extent of agricultural commercialization all appear largely unaffected by these changes.
7 Mndawe, H.; Mbuyisa, H.; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhemachena, Charles. 2019. Africa agriculture transformation scorecard performance and lessons for Eswatini. Pretoria, South Africa: Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Southern Africa (ReSAKSS-SA). 7p. (Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Biennial Review Brief)
Agricultural development ; Transformation ; Development programmes ; Declarations ; Agricultural sector ; Reviews ; SADC countries ; Hunger ; Poverty / Africa / Eswatini
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049286)
https://www.resakss.org/sites/default/files/Eswatini%20CAAP%20Biennial%20Review%20Brief%20-%20Ahid_tm_clean.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049286.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049286.pdf
(0.61 MB) (632 KB)
The objective of this brief is to analyze Eswatini’s performance and discuss lessons from the implementation of the inaugural CAADP BR mechanism. Based on the results, recommendations are proposed for strengthening mutual accountability and performance of the agriculture sector in Eswatini. The analysis is based on results of the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) that was presented to African Heads of State and Government in January 2018. Additional information for the analysis came from technical notes in Eswatini’s BR report. Furthermore, experiences and lessons from continental and regional engagements in the implementation of the BR process were also integrated in the analysis.
8 Khesa, M.; Nhemachena, Charles; Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso. 2019. Africa agriculture transformation scorecard performance and lessons for Lesotho. Pretoria, South Africa: Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Southern Africa (ReSAKSS-SA). 8p. (Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Biennial Review Brief)
Agricultural development ; Transformation ; Development programmes ; Declarations ; SADC countries ; Agricultural sector ; Indicators ; Reviews ; Investment ; Financing / Africa / Lesotho
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049287)
https://www.resakss.org/sites/default/files/Lesotho%20CAADP%20BR%20Brief%20-%20Ahid_tm_clean.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049287.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049287.pdf
(0.64 MB) (660 KB)
This BR brief shows that Lesotho was not on track to meet the Malabo Declaration targets for 2025. Three commitments were on track: recommitment to CAADP, boosting intra-Africa trade in agriculture, and mutual accountability for action and results, while the others were not on track. Lesotho was on track on 6 of the 43 indicators, highlighting the substantial efforts required to implement the commitments of the Malabo Declaration and national priorities in the agriculture sector.
This brief summarizes the performance, key issues, and recommendations for Lesotho from the inaugural BR report to help improve and strengthen the country’s efforts to domesticate and implement the commitments of the Malabo Declaration within its own national agricultural investment plan and strategy.
This brief summarizes the performance, key issues, and recommendations for Lesotho from the inaugural BR report to help improve and strengthen the country’s efforts to domesticate and implement the commitments of the Malabo Declaration within its own national agricultural investment plan and strategy.
9 Musopole, R.; Mwanaleza, E.; Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Nhemachena, Charles. 2019. Africa agriculture transformation scorecard performance and lessons for Malawi. Pretoria, South Africa: Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Southern Africa (ReSAKSS-SA). 8p. (Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Biennial Review Brief)
Agricultural development ; Transformation ; Development programmes ; Declarations ; SADC countries ; Agricultural sector ; Indicators ; Reviews / Africa / Malawi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049288)
https://www.resakss.org/sites/default/files/Malawi%20CAAP%20Biennial%20Review%20Brief%20-%20Ahid_tm_clean_mb.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049288.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049288.pdf
(0.65 MB) (668 KB)
In line with the continental commitment on mutual accountability, Malawi implemented the BR process to track progress in the implementation of the CAADP agenda, particularly the 2014 Malabo commitments. The process provided a platform for stakeholders in the agriculture sector (the public sector, private sector, development partners, civil society organizations, academia, and research institutions) to hold each other mutually accountable on both the financial and nonfinancial commitments they made on common development goals for the agriculture sector. The BR process also helped provide a platform for agriculture sector stakeholders to learn from each other (peer learning).
The objective of this brief is to present Malawi’s performance and discuss lessons from the implementation of the inaugural CAADP BR mechanism.
The objective of this brief is to present Malawi’s performance and discuss lessons from the implementation of the inaugural CAADP BR mechanism.
10 Makotose, W.; Mayoyo, A.; Nicholas, G.; Nhemachena, Charles; Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso. 2019. Africa agriculture transformation scorecard performance and lessons for Zimbabwe. Pretoria, South Africa: Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Southern Africa (ReSAKSS-SA). 8p. (Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Biennial Review Brief)
Agricultural development ; Transformation ; Development programmes ; Declarations ; SADC countries ; Agricultural sector ; Indicators ; Reviews ; Investment / Africa / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049289)
https://www.resakss.org/sites/default/files/Zimbabwe%20CAAP%20Biennial%20Review%20Brief%20-%20Ahid_tm_clean_RN.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049289.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049289.pdf
(0.68 MB) (696 KB)
The main objective of this BR brief is to summarize the performance, key issues, and recommendations for improving progress toward agricultural transformation in Zimbabwe. This brief provides recommendations and action items based on Zimbabwe’s performance in the inaugural BR mechanism to help the country improve its domestication and implementation of the Malabo Declaration commitments. In addition, recommendations are shared to help the country strengthen mutual accountability to actions and results, ultimately contributing to improving the country’s progress towards achieving the Malabo targets by 2025.
11 Sikombe, D.; Mbewe, C.; Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhemachena, Charles; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso. 2019. Africa agriculture transformation scorecard performance and lessons for Zambia. Pretoria, South Africa: Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Southern Africa (ReSAKSS-SA). 9p. (Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Biennial Review Brief)
Agricultural development ; Transformation ; Development programmes ; Declarations ; SADC countries ; Agricultural sector ; Financing ; Institutions ; Stakeholders ; Indicators ; Investment ; Reviews / Africa / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049307)
https://www.resakss.org/sites/default/files/Zambia%20CAAP%20Biennial%20Review%20Brief_jk_clean_v2_RN_0.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049307.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049307.pdf
(0.76 MB) (776 KB)
To ensure that the Biannual Review (BR) process embodies the CAADP/Malabo principles, particularly focusing on Commitment 7 (enhancing mutual accountability for actions and results) of the Malabo Declaration, the African Union Commission (AUC) launched the Inaugural Biennial Review reporting mechanism on the implementation of the Malabo commitments. In line with the above continental commitment on mutual accountability, Zambia implemented the BR process to track progress in the implementation of the CAADP agenda, particularly the 2014 Malabo commitments. The process provided a platform for stakeholders in the agriculture sector (the public sector, private sector, development partners, civil society organizations, academia, and research institutions) to hold each other mutually accountable on both financial and nonfinancial commitments they made toward common development goals for the agriculture sector. The BR process also helped provide a platform for agriculture sector stakeholders to learn from each other (peer learning). The Biennial Review Report (BRR) fosters alignment, harmonization, and coordination among multisectoral efforts and multi-institutional platforms for peer review, mutual learning, and accountability. The objective of this brief is to analyze Zambia's performance and discuss lessons from the implementation of the inaugural CAADP BR mechanism.
12 Ulimwengu, J. M.; Matchaya, Greenwell; Makombe, T.; Oehmke, J. 2020. Mutual accountability in African agricultural transformation. In Resnick, D.; Diao, X.; Tadesse, G. (Eds.). Sustaining Africa’s agrifood system transformation: the role of public policies. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Kigali, Rwanda: AKADEMIYA2063. pp.182-194. (ReSAKSS Annual Trends and Outlook Report 2020) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896293946_15]
Agricultural sector ; Transformation ; Accountability ; Policies ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Declarations ; Development programmes ; Investment ; Institutions ; Reforms ; Indicators ; Reviews / Africa / Malawi / Lesotho / Mozambique / Cote d'Ivoire / Niger / Togo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050060)
https://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/134070/filename/134282.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050060.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050060.pdf
(0.17 MB) (172 KB)
This chapter aims to deepen our understanding of both the conceptual framework of mutual accountability and its best practices in the context of agricultural transformation in Africa. We do so in three ways: documenting the need for and growth of mutual accountability mechanisms over time, discussing how mutual accountability processes contribute to agricultural transformation, and examining the effectiveness of the mutual accountability processes of choice— JSRs and the African agricultural BR. In the next section, we provide a brief review of the origins and theory of mutual accountability as well as its application in African agriculture. Following that, we discuss how mutual accountability is being operationalized through JSRs and the Malabo BR, and the effectiveness of the two processes. The section after empirically assesses the contribution of mutual accountability to agricultural transformation in Africa. The final section provides concluding remarks for driving agricultural transformation through mutual accountability processes.
13 Allan, T.; Bromwich, B.; Keulertz, M.; Colman, A. (Eds.) 2019. The Oxford handbook of food, water and society. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press. 926p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190669799.001.0001]
Food systems ; Water systems ; Society ; Food security ; Water security ; Food supply chains ; Value chains ; Water resources ; Water management ; Virtual water ; Water footprint ; Agricultural water use ; Agricultural trade ; Conservation agriculture ; Irrigation management ; Water scarcity ; Natural capital ; Political aspects ; Policies ; Municipal water ; Water demand ; Pollution prevention ; Agricultural production ; Transformation ; Wheat ; Coffee industry ; Rice ; Oil palms ; Meat ; Beef ; Pricing ; Pesticides ; Farmers ; Water user associations ; Gender ; Feminization ; Household consumption ; Diet ; Hunger ; Malnutrition ; Obesity ; Poverty ; Sustainability ; Technology ; Subsidies ; Ecosystem services ; Infrastructure ; Drought ; Flooding ; Soil erosion ; Semiarid zones ; Arid zones ; Drylands ; WTO ; Modelling / Africa / Mediterranean Region / North America / Western Asia / United Kingdom / England / Wales / USA / Brazil / Australia / Jordan / Israel / South Africa / California / Cape Town / Sonoran Desert
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ALL Record No: H049524)
(1.26 MB)
Society’s greatest use of water is in food production; a fact that puts farmers centre stage in global environmental management. Current management of food value chains, however, is not well set up to enable farmers to undertake their dual role of feeding a growing population and stewarding natural resources. This book considers the interconnected issues of real water in the environment and “virtual water” in food value chains and investigates how society influences both fields. This perspective draws out considerable challenges for food security and for environmental stewardship in the context of ongoing global change. The book also discusses these issues by region and with global overviews of selected commodities. Innovation relevant to the kind of change needed for the current food system to meet future challenges is reviewed in light of the findings of the regional and thematic analysis.
14 Sikora, R. A.; Terry, E. R.; Vlek, P. L. G.; Chitja, J. (Eds.) 2020. Transforming agriculture in southern Africa: constraints, technologies, policies and processes. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge. 323p. (Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series) [doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429401701]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Agricultural mechanization ; Transformation ; Constraints ; Digital technology ; Policies ; Strategies ; Intensification ; Diversification ; Crop improvement ; Postharvest control ; Integrated Pest Management ; Renewable energy ; Soil management ; Climate change ; Food production ; Food safety ; Food security ; Land use ; Soil fertility ; Genetic techniques ; Seeds ; Land reform ; Land tenure ; Farming systems ; Cropping systems ; Small scale systems ; Smallholders ; Ecosystem services ; Nutrition ; Livestock production ; Animal health ; Forests ; Urban areas ; Markets ; Rural development ; Entrepreneurship ; Economic development ; Labour ; Gender ; Capacity building ; Farmers ; SADC countries / Africa South of Sahara / Southern Africa / Eswatini / Lesotho / Malawi / Mozambique / Namibia / South Africa / United Republic of Tanzania / Zambia / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049917)
(7.33 MB) (7.33 MB)
15 de Jong, I. H.; Arif, S. S.; Gollapalli, P. K. R.; Neelam, P.; Nofal, E. R.; Reddy, K. Y.; Rottcher, K.; Zohrabi, N. 2021. Improving agricultural water productivity with a focus on rural transformation. Irrigation and Drainage, 70(3):458-469. (Special issue: Development for Water, Food and Nutrition Security in a Competitive Environment. Selected Papers of the 3rd World Irrigation Forum, Bali, Indonesia) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2451]
Agricultural water use ; Water productivity ; Rural development ; Transformation ; Water management ; Water conservation ; Water use efficiency ; Irrigation efficiency ; Water security ; Institutions ; Policies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050480)
(5.51 MB)
As a result of population growth, economic development and climate change, feeding the world and providing water security will require important changes in the technologies, institutions, policies and incentives that drive present-day water management, as captured in Goal 6.4 of the Millennium Development Goals. Irrigation is the largest and most inefficient water user, and there is an expectation that even small improvements in agricultural water productivity will improve water security.
This paper argues that improvements in irrigation water productivity involves a complex and comprehensive rural transformation that goes beyond mere promotion of water saving technologies. Many of the measures to improve water productivity require significant changes in the production systems of farmers and in the support provided to them.
Looking forward, water use and competition over water are expected to further increase. By 2025, about 1.8 billion people will be living in regions or countries with absolute water scarcity. Demand for water will rise exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain, prompting the need for significant shifts of inter-sectoral water allocation to support continued economic growth. Advances in the use of remote sensing technologies will make it increasingly possible to cost-effectively and accurately estimate crop evapotranspiration from farmers’ fields.
This paper argues that improvements in irrigation water productivity involves a complex and comprehensive rural transformation that goes beyond mere promotion of water saving technologies. Many of the measures to improve water productivity require significant changes in the production systems of farmers and in the support provided to them.
Looking forward, water use and competition over water are expected to further increase. By 2025, about 1.8 billion people will be living in regions or countries with absolute water scarcity. Demand for water will rise exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain, prompting the need for significant shifts of inter-sectoral water allocation to support continued economic growth. Advances in the use of remote sensing technologies will make it increasingly possible to cost-effectively and accurately estimate crop evapotranspiration from farmers’ fields.
16 Hellegers, P.; Davidson, B. 2021. Resolving the problems of commensurability in valuing water. Water International, 16p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2021.1935576]
Water resources ; Valuation ; Economic value ; Frameworks ; Transformation ; Indicators ; Social aspects ; Environmental impact ; Policies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050511)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2021.1935576
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050511.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050511.pdf
(2.32 MB) (2.32 MB)
In this paper a framework is presented for comparing the values derived from the different dimensions of water, without incurring the problems of commensurability. The framework is based on the concept of opportunity cost, which values any good by what one is willing to sacrifice to get it, which is a way of comparing seemingly different things. By simulating changes to a water resource and then measuring the economic, social and environmental impacts in metrics common and accepted by each dimension, a curve of the trade-offs between each metric can be derived. This makes trade-offs intrinsic to decision-making explicit.
17 Queiroz, C.; Norstrom, A. V.; Downing, A.; Harmackova, Z. V.; De Coning, C.; Adams, V.; Bakarr, M.; Baedeker, T.; Chitate, A.; Gaffney, O.; Gordon, L.; Hainzelin, E.; Howlett, D.; Krampe, F.; Loboguerrero, A. M.; Nel, D.; Okollet, C.; Rebermark, M.; Rockstrom, J.; Smith, Mark; Wabbes-Candotti, S.; Matthews, N. 2021. Investment in resilient food systems in the most vulnerable and fragile regions is critical. Nature Food, 2(8):546-551. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00345-2]
Food systems ; Resilience ; Investment ; Food insecurity ; Vulnerability ; Food security ; Agricultural landscape ; Sustainable intensification ; Transformation ; Supply chains ; Policies ; Regulations ; Smallholders
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050607)
(1.97 MB) (1.97 MB)
Reversing the alarming trend of rising food insecurity requires transformations towards just, sustainable and healthy food systems with an explicit focus on the most vulnerable and fragile regions.
18 Malekpour, S.; Tawfik, S.; Chesterfield, C. 2021. Designing collaborative governance for nature-based solutions. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 62:127177. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127177]
Urban development ; Co-management ; Governance ; Water management ; Climate change ; Transformation ; Infrastructure ; Sustainability ; Decision making ; Stakeholders ; Local government ; Frameworks / Australia / Melbourne / Perth / Brabham / Gold Coast / Upper Merri / Fishermans Bend / Currumbin Ecovillage
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050532)
(5.26 MB)
Urbanisation, population growth and climate change, among other challenges, have put pressure on urban infrastructure systems, prompting a shift from large-scale centralised infrastructure to localised nature-based solutions. Mainstreaming nature-based solutions requires a change in the planning and governance systems, and mediating new relationships and configurations between different actors through collaborative governance. Yet, limited guidance exists on how to design collaborative governance for delivering nature-based solutions. This has led to collaboration processes that are established on an ad-hoc basis, relying on the experiences, skills and viewpoints of their champions to endure. This paper synthesises and extends a suite of theoretical frameworks with the practice-based knowledge of urban practitioners across Australia (n = 42), to develop a framework for designing collaborative governance. The framework offers key principles and considerations for designing collaborations on nature-based solutions. It emphasises upfront planning that carefully considers the desired outcomes (the ‘why’), assesses the operating environment/context (the ‘what’), engages the right actors at the required level of influence (the ‘who’), and uses fit-for-purpose structures and process for interaction (the ‘how’). The framework also highlights that all those elements need to be considered with the intended level of impact in mind. To illustrate the application of our framework, we will use empirical examples from major urban development programs across Australia that have adopted water sensitive urban design (as part of the broader family of nature-based solutions) through cross-sectoral collaborations.
19 Tutundjian, S.; Clarke, M.; Egal, F.; Dixson-Decleve, S.; Candotti, S. W.; Schmitter, Petra; Lovins, L. H. 2021. Future food systems: challenges and consequences of the current food system. In Brears, R. C. (Ed.). The Palgrave handbook of climate resilient societies. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. 29p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32811-5_43-1#DOI]
Food systems ; Agriculture ; Governance ; Sustainability ; Innovation ; Risk ; Environmental impact ; Transformation ; Technology
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050610)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-32811-5_43-1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050610.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050610.pdf
(0.37 MB) (378 KB)
Humanity is in a planetary emergency. Agriculture and food systems are contributing to an interconnected global environmental crisis, with increasing risks, social instability, and conflict. This chapter examines the challenges, drivers, and consequences of unsustainable agriculture and food systems, recognizing these are diverse and multi-scale. It presents a vision for sustainable, nutritious, and equitable food systems. Currently, food systems are a significant driver of climate change, nature loss, and pollution, as well as poor health and poverty, with inequitable access to resources and benefits from food systems. Fundamentally, the systems change needed is to transform terrestrial and aquatic food systems so that they become part of the solution for sustainability, not part of the problem. A safe future for humanity requires radical transformations ranging from agricultural production systems through dietary patterns and waste disposal. The focus is on the broad categories of innovation and sustainable technologies considered to have critical potential in pathways that enable transition to a more resilient and equitable system. Governance is a key enabling condition and needs to be based on food as a human right, not simply as a commodity. Multilevel governance underpins the development and implementation of territorial food systems strategies, which can provide effective integration of multiple solutions. Humanity is at an existential turning point and has a narrow window to act now to reduce risk and avoid catastrophe. The rules governing our food systems are human made – and it is within the gift of humanity to change them.
20 Singh, C.; Iyer, S.; New, M. G.; Few, R.; Kuchimanchi, B.; Segnon, A. C.; Morchain, D. 2021. Interrogating ‘effectiveness’ in climate change adaptation: 11 guiding principles for adaptation research and practice. Climate and Development, 16p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2021.1964937]
Climate change adaptation ; Monitoring and evaluation ; Transformation ; Decision making ; Policies ; Agreements ; Governance ; Vulnerability ; Resilience ; Livelihoods ; Sustainability ; Ecosystem services ; Semiarid zones / India / Namibia / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050688)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17565529.2021.1964937
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050688.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050688.pdf
(2.42 MB) (2.42 MB)
The Paris Agreement articulates a global goal on adaptation, which aims to ensure an ‘adequate adaptation response’ to the ‘global temperature goal’, and requires countries to report progress through periodic global stocktakes. However, there remain conceptual and methodological challenges in defining an adaptation goal and mixed evidence on what effective adaptation looks like and how it can be enabled. In this review, we demonstrate how different normative views on adaptation outcomes, arising from different epistemological and disciplinary entry points, can lead to very different interpretations of adaptation effectiveness. We argue that how effectiveness is framed will significantly impact adaptation implementation and outcomes. This, furthermore, represents a way of exercising influence in adaptation decision-making. Eleven principles of effective adaptation are distilled as a way to pluralize guidance in international processes such as the Global Stocktake as well as national and sub-national exercises on tracking and monitoring adaptation.
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