Your search found 14 records
1 Bangwayo-Skeete, P. F.; Zikhali, Precious. 2011. Social exclusion and labour market outcomes: evidence from eastern Europe and central Asia. International Journal of Development Issues, 10(3):233-250. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/14468951111165368]
Labour market ; Employment ; Risks ; Social security ; Social problems ; Surveys ; Statistics ; Models ; Market economies ; Policy / Eastern Europe / Central Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044432)
(0.13 MB)
Purpose – The paper seeks to examine the impact of social exclusion on individuals’ propensity to be employed and how, if employed, social exclusion affects individuals’ perceived job insecurity and the likelihood of being covered by social insurance in their jobs.Design/methodology/approach – Using the United Nations Development Program/United Nations Children Fund 2009 survey data from Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the paper employs comprehensive econometric methods that overcome challenges posed by endogeneity of social exclusion in labour market outcomes, self-selection into employment, and the interdependency between perceptions of job security and social insurance coverage.Findings – Results suggest that socially excluded individuals face hurdles in securing jobs and exhibit higher risk of job loss. Further, results suggest that a holistic educational policy could help promote social inclusion.Practical implications – Formulation of policies aimed at promoting social inclusion and improved labour market outcomes should not be done in isolation; rather they should be based on a holistic understanding of the multi-faceted nature of social exclusion.Originality/value – The originality of the analysis is that it takes into account the multi-dimensional nature of social exclusion by treating social exclusion as an outcome of a diverse set of an individual’s socio-economic characteristics that ultimately shape the way they feel about their exclusion or inclusion in their societies. This gives an indication of the types of people that are socially excluded and form the group for which a further investigation of labour market outcomes is conducted.
2 Verma, S.; Shah, Tushaar. 2012. Labor market dynamics in post-MGNREGA [Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act] rural India. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 8. 9p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045225)
(450.5KB)
3 Jayaweera, S.; Wijemanne, H.; Wanasundera, L.; Vitarana, K. M. 2007. Gender dimensions of the millennium development goals in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Centre for Women’s Research. 144p.
Gender ; Empowerment ; Women ; Empowerment ; Health ; Poverty ; Hunger ; Education ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Malaria ; Tuberculosis ; Environmental sustainability ; Impact assessment ; Development ; Labour market ; Unemployment ; communication technology ; Information technology / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046098)
http://www.undp.org/content/dam/srilanka/docs/mdg/Gender_Dimensions%20of%20Sri%20Lanka.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046098.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046098.pdf
(1.14 MB) (1.14MB)
4 Momsen, J. 2010. Gender and development. 2nd ed. Oxon, UK: Routledge. 285p. (Routledge Perspectives on Development)
Gender ; Women in development ; Economic sectors ; Social change ; Households ; Violence ; Equity ; Education ; Health hazards ; Sex ratio ; Migration ; Sexual reproduction ; Environmental effects ; Drinking water ; Forests ; Biodiversity ; Agricultural development ; Labour market ; Time study ; Microfinance ; Urbanization ; Waste management ; Globalization ; Rural areas / Caribbean / Middle East / South Asia / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / Singapore / China / Romania / Lesotho
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 305.42 G000 MOM Record No: H047633)
(0.43 MB)
5 Wise, R. D.; Veltmeyer, H. 2016. Agrarian change, migration and development. Black Point, NS, Canada: Fernwood Publishing. 146p. (Agrarian Change and Peasant Studies Series 6)
Agrarian reform ; Labour mobility ; Migrant labour ; Rural urban migration ; Children ; International division of labour ; Income ; Remuneration ; Labour market ; Gender ; Political aspects ; Economic development ; Capitalism ; Rural poverty ; Social impact ; Institutions / USA / Mexico
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 331.12791 G000 WIS Record No: H047707)
(0.39 MB)
6 McMillan, M.; Rodrik, D.; Sepulveda, C. (Eds.) 2016. Structural change, fundamentals, and growth: a framework and case studies. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 305p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292147]
Structural change ; Economic growth ; Economic structure ; Frameworks ; Case studies ; Agricultural productivity ; Trade liberalization ; Gross national product ; Manufacturing ; Trade policies ; Industrialization ; Human capital ; Labour market ; Unemployment ; Government policy ; Private sector ; Tariffs ; Constraints ; Political aspects ; Social change ; Transformation ; Households ; Developing countries ; Urbanization / India / Vietnam / Botswana / Ghana / Nigeria / Zambia / Brazil / Gujarat / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.9 G000 MCM Record No: H049061)
https://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/131168/filename/131379.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049061.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049061.pdf
(4.12 MB) (4.12 MB)
7 United Nations. Inter-agency Task Force on Financing for Development. 2019. Financing for sustainable development report 2019. Report of the Inter-agency Task Force on Financing for Development. New York, NY, USA: United Nations. 208p.
Sustainable Development Goals ; Financing ; Frameworks ; Economic growth ; Macroeconomics ; International trade ; Trade agreements ; International cooperation ; South-South cooperation ; Climate change ; Strategies ; Investment ; Remittances ; Fiscal policies ; Taxes ; Capital market ; Development banks ; Private enterprises ; Debt ; Lending ; Regulations ; Corporate culture ; Technological changes ; Innovation ; Data ; Monitoring ; Capacity building ; Labour market ; Employment ; Disaster risk reduction
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049177)
https://developmentfinance.un.org/sites/developmentfinance.un.org/files/FSDR2019.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049177.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049177.pdf
(7.26 MB) (7.26 MB)
8 International Social Science Council (ISSC); Institute of Development Studies (IDS); UNESCO. 2016. World social science report 2016: challenging inequalities: pathways to a just world. Paris, France: UNESCO; International Social Science Council (ISSC). 359p.
Social sciences ; Gender equality ; Equity ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Economic growth ; Income distribution ; Remuneration ; Labour market ; Taxes ; Legal rights ; Natural resources ; Water availability ; Climate change ; Social classes ; Middle classes ; Racial discrimination ; Refugees ; Indigenous peoples ; Socioeconomic environment ; Poverty ; Public health ; Ebolavirus ; Social policies ; Strategies ; Education ; Publications ; Political aspects ; Institutions ; Conflicts ; Corruption / Africa South of Sahara / Russian Federation / USA / Latin America / Europe / Arab countries / South Africa / China / India / Brazil / Peru / Lebanon / Syrian Arab Republic / Egypt
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049212)
(7.50 MB) (7.50 MB)
9 Verma, Shilp; Shah, Tushaar. 2018. Beyond digging and filling holes: maximizing the net positive impact of MGNREGA [Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act]. In Bhattarai, M.; Viswanathan, P. K.; Mishra, R. N.; Bantilan, C. (Eds.). Employment guarantee programme and dynamics of rural transformation in India: challenges and opportunities. Singapore: Springer. pp.103-130. (India Studies in Business and Economics) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6262-9_4]
Development programmes ; Water resources ; Assets ; Labour market ; Remuneration ; Migration ; Gender ; Women's participation ; Farmers ; Attitudes ; Rural poverty ; Case studies ; Villages / India / Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act / Bihar / Gujarat / Kerala / Rajasthan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049507)
(6.23 MB)
10 Laszlo, S.; Grantham, K.; Oskay, E.; Zhang, T. 2020. Grappling with the challenges of measuring women's economic empowerment in intrahousehold settings. World Development, 132:104959. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104959]
Gender ; Women's empowerment ; Economic aspects ; Households ; Income ; Developing countries ; Decision making ; Policies ; Labour market ; Cash transfers ; Social aspects ; Marriage ; Fertility ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049726)
(0.43 MB)
Defining and measuring women's economic empowerment (WEE) has been at the centre of the current debates among international development scholars and practitioners. The lack of clear consensus on both may limit widespread efforts to design and evaluate programs and policies aimed at improving women's well-being. Building on intra-household allocation models and on Sen (1989) and Kabeer (1999), this paper proposes a conceptual framework of intrahousehold decision-making which can accommodate many classes of WEE measures. It proposes a typology of WEE measures which combines proximity of concept to measurability. Findings from a review of the scholarly literature between 2005 and 2020 are then presented to demonstrate the diversity of published approaches that exist to measure WEE.
11 Nicol, Alan; Abdoubaetova, A.; Wolters, A.; Kharel, A.; Murzakolova, A.; Gebreyesus, A.; Lucasenco, E.; Chen, F.; Sugden, F.; Sterly, H.; Kuznetsova, I.; Masotti, M.; Vittuari, M.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Aderghal, M.; Phalkey, N.; Sakdapolrak, P.; Mollinga, P.; Mogilevskii, R.; Naruchaikusol, S. 2020. Between a rock and a hard place: early experience of migration challenges under the Covid-19 pandemic. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 22p. (IWMI Working Paper 195) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.216]
Migration ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Labour market ; Migrant labour ; Unemployment ; Livelihoods ; Health hazards ; Income ; Remittances ; Economic activities ; Poverty ; Social inequalities ; Food supply ; Households ; Rural areas ; State intervention ; Governance ; Quarantine ; Travel restrictions ; Border closures ; Policies ; Assessment ; Uncertainty / China / Ethiopia / Kyrgyzstan / Republic of Moldova / Morocco / Nepal / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050125)
(1.92 MB)
This working paper was produced under the European Union Horizon 2020 funded AGRUMIG project and traces the impact of Covid-19 on migration trends in seven project countries – China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand.
The context of global migration has changed dramatically due to the coronavirus pandemic. Both within and between countries there has been a substantial curtailment of movement. As a result of multiple lockdowns, economic activity has severely declined and labor markets have ground to a halt, with mass unemployment in industrialized economies looming on the horizon. For both migrant hosting and origin countries – some are substantially both – this poses a set of complex development challenges.
Partners of the AGRUMIG project undertook a rapid review of impacts across project countries, exploring the impacts on rural households but also identifying the persistent desire to migrate in spite of restrictions.
The context of global migration has changed dramatically due to the coronavirus pandemic. Both within and between countries there has been a substantial curtailment of movement. As a result of multiple lockdowns, economic activity has severely declined and labor markets have ground to a halt, with mass unemployment in industrialized economies looming on the horizon. For both migrant hosting and origin countries – some are substantially both – this poses a set of complex development challenges.
Partners of the AGRUMIG project undertook a rapid review of impacts across project countries, exploring the impacts on rural households but also identifying the persistent desire to migrate in spite of restrictions.
12 Bastia, T. 2019. Gender, migration and social transformation: intersectionality in Bolivian itinerant migrations. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge. 180p. (Gender, space and society)
Gender relations ; Gender equality ; Migration ; Social networks ; Social mobility ; Transformation ; Migrants ; Women ; Labour market ; Mining ; Decision making ; Collective action ; Communities ; Political aspects ; Domestic violence ; Legislation ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Children ; Households / Bolivia / Spain / Argentina / Cochabamba / Buenos Aires / Madrid / Algeciras / San Fernando
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H051328)
13 Murzakulova, A. 2023. Kyrgyzstan overview. [Policy Brief of the Migration Governance and Agricultural and Rural Change (AGRUMIG) Project]. London, UK: SOAS University of London. 4p. (AGRUMIG Policy Brief Series 18)
Migration ; Migrant labour ; Labour mobility ; Labour market ; Households ; Rural areas ; Remittances ; Villages ; Livestock ; Cultivation ; Governance ; Policies ; Communities / Kyrgyzstan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052212)
(2.03 MB)
14 Clech, L.; Sierra, J. P.; Mannan, M. A.; Kabir, M. M. S.; Barua, M.; Espinoza, J.-C.; Ridde, V. 2024. Local social-ecological context explains seasonal rural-rural migration of the poorest in South-West Bangladesh. PLOS Climate, 3(3):e0000239. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000239]
Migration ; Social-ecological resilience ; Environmental degradation ; Waterlogging ; Rainfall ; Livelihoods ; Shrimp culture ; Labour market ; Households ; Brackish water ; Ecosystem services ; Sustainability / Bangladesh / Khulna / Satkhira / Tala Upazila
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052755)
https://journals.plos.org/climate/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0000239&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052755.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052755.pdf
(2.00 MB) (2.00 MB)
Bangladesh is one of the countries most affected by climate change. Internal migration is often presented as a response to environmental degradation. Here, using a people-centred perspective, we explore the complexity of the links between climate-induced change, environmental degradation caused by waterlogging and seasonal rural migration. We used an inductive qualitative approach in social sciences, conducting fourteen semi-directed interviews and six focus group discussions in March-April 2022. We related those results to a rainfall analysis on CHIRPS data for 1981-2021and we represented interactions and feedback between changes and livelihoods in a model. A complex picture of the situation is emerging, showing the interweaving effects of non-climatic and climatic changes, their interplay at different scales, their cumulative effects, the interactions between livelihood types and feedback between social and natural systems. Most of the climate-induced changes gradually become noticeable over the past 25 years. Climate data confirm these changes in recent decades, with July being wetter and January being dryer. Villagers reported waterlogging as the most significant change in their community, pointing to its multiple causes, originating in non-local and local, non-climatic anthropic changes, exacerbated by shrimp farm enclosures and worsened by climate-induced changes such as heavier rains, wetter monsoons and cyclones. Tiger prawn farms, reported as a lucrative and local adaptation to waterlogging and salinisation for the ones who can afford it, worsen the situation for the less wealthy, causing waterlogging and salinisation of the adjacent agricultural lands and buildings, the disappearance of traditional fishing and a reduction of the local job market. In addition, erratic rain patterns, droughts and cyclones affect local production and labour markets. COVID-19 lockdowns, by impacting markets and mobilities, further aggravated the situation. Inequality has increased as the range of adaptations of the less wealthy appears limited in this context of multiple crises.
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