Your search found 23 records
1 Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Hamidov, A.; Anarbekov, Oyture; Gafurov, Zafar; Tussupova, K. 2017. Impact of institutional change on irrigation management: a case study from southern Uzbekistan. Water, 9(6):1-17. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w9060419]
Irrigation management ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Infrastructure ; Institutional development ; Collective action ; Governance ; Sustainable development ; Water user associations ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water use ; Agricultural production ; Farmers ; Households ; Communities ; Case studies / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048175)
(920 KB)
The rapidly growing population in Uzbekistan has put massive pressure on limited water resources, resulting in frequent water shortages. Irrigation is by far the major water use. Improving irrigation water use through the institutional change of establishing water consumer associations (WCAs) has been identified as a way to increase agricultural production and meet the food demand in the area. However, most WCAs are not fully able to organize collective action or generate sufficient funds to carry out their responsibilities. This study investigated the water-resource-related challenges faced by WCAs and local farmers in Kashkadarya Province in Uzbekistan, using semi-structured expert interviews and focus group discussions. The resulting data were analyzed using qualitative analysis software (Atlas.ti). The results indicated that outdated infrastructure, poor governance, and farmers’ non-payment of irrigation service fees hamper sustainable water management. Greater trust and communication within the WCAs would make an important contribution to effective collective action and to the long-term sustainability of local associations.
2 Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek. 2017. Digital diagnostic atlas: Murgab River Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 40p. (Also in Russian) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.219]
River basins ; Digital technology ; Maps ; Simulation models ; Satellite imagery ; Climate change ; Irrigation ; Soils ; Vegetation / Central Asia / Tajikistan / Turkmenistan / Mary Region / Murghob District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048369)
(8 MB)
3 Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek. 2017. Digital diagnostic atlas: Murgab River Basin [In Russian] Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 44p. (Also in English) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.222]
River basins ; Digital technology ; Maps ; Simulation models ; Satellite imagery ; Climate change ; Irrigation ; Soils ; Vegetation / Central Asia / Tajikistan / Turkmenistan / Mary Region / Murghob District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048391)
(8 MB)
4 Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek. 2017. Quantum geographic information system training and development of digital diagnostic atlas: intervention for analysis and planning of Murgab River Basin, Turkmenistan. [Final Project Report of the Transboundary Water Management in Central Asia] Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 41p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.223]
GIS ; Training materials ; Atlases ; Planning ; River basin management ; International waters ; Water management ; Water resources ; Satellite imagery ; Mapping ; Data processing ; Land use ; Land resources ; Evaluation ; Assessment ; Surveys ; Capacity building ; Governmental organizations ; Remote sensing ; Environmental management / Central Asia / Turkmenistan / Murgab River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048420)
(3 MB)
5 Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Hamidov, Ahmad; Anarbekov, Oyture; Gafurov, Zafar. 2017. Collective action in the irrigation sector of Uzbekistan: a case study of water consumers’ associations (WCAs) in the Karshi Steppe. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 39p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.200]
Collective action ; Water use ; Water user associations ; Water management ; Water resources ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation canals ; Steppes ; Farmers ; Drainage ; Infrastructure ; Case studies / Uzbekistan / Karshi Steppe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048460)
(3 MB)
6 Anarbekov, Oyture; Gaipnazarov, Norboy; Akramov, Isomiddin; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Gafurov, Zafar; Solieva, Umida; Khodjaev, Shovkat; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Tashmatova, Mukhtabar. 2018. Overview of existing river basins in Uzbekistan and the selection of pilot basins. [Project Report of the Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas in Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and integrated water resources management and supply part] Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 89p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.203]
Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water governance ; Water supply ; Water use ; International waters ; Sustainability ; Rural areas ; Climatic factors ; Meteorological factors ; Hydrometeorology ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigated land ; Land resources ; Land use ; River basin management ; Streams ; Pumps ; Assessment ; Population density ; Population growth ; Soil salinity ; Agricultural production / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048491)
(6 MB)
7 Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Hamidov, Ahmad; Anarbekov, Oyture; Gafurov, Zafar. 2018. Collective action in the irrigation sector of Uzbekistan: a case study of water consumers’ associations (WCAs) in the Karshi Steppe. In Russian. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 39p. (Also in English) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.208]
Collective action ; Water use ; Water user associations ; Water management ; Water resources ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation canals ; Steppes ; Farmers ; Drainage ; Infrastructure ; Case studies / Uzbekistan / Karshi Steppe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048730)
(3 MB)
8 Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Akramov, Bekzod; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Solieva, Umida. 2018. Geodatabase and diagnostic atlas: Kashkadarya Province, Uzbekistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 74p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.217]
GIS ; Remote sensing ; River basins ; Digital technology ; Maps ; Simulation models ; Satellite imagery ; Urban population ; Urban areas ; Rural population ; Rural areas ; Population density ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Water use efficiency ; Canals ; Drainage systems ; Pumps ; Lakes ; Reservoir storage ; Watersheds ; Streams ; Transportation ; Groundwater ; Soil types ; Vegetation ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Infrastructure / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048924)
(6 MB)
9 Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Akramov, Bekzod; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Solieva, Umida. 2018. Information tool for Zafarabad District, Sogd Province, Tajikistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 28p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.218]
GIS ; Remote sensing ; River basins ; Digital technology ; Maps ; Simulation models ; Satellite imagery ; Slopes ; Water user associations ; Water table ; Water availability ; Water use efficiency ; Residential areas ; Canals ; Pumps ; Drinking water ; Wells ; Drainage ; Groundwater ; Soil types ; Soil texture ; Soil salinity ; Vegetation ; Communities ; Irrigation / Tajikistan / Sogd Province / Zafarabad District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048925)
10 Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Yuldashev, T.; Holmatov, B.; Gafurov, Zafar. 2019. Assessing water use, energy use and carbon emissions in lift-irrigated areas: a case study from Karshi steppe in Uzbekistan. Irrigation and Drainage, 68(3):409-419. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2321]
Irrigated land ; Water use ; Water conservation ; Water requirements ; Energy consumption ; Energy conservation ; Greenhouse gases ; Carbon ; Emission reduction ; Pumps ; Irrigation scheduling ; Steppes ; River basins ; Farmers ; Case studies / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049085)
(0.55 MB)
The advantages of a nexus approach in addressing complex environmental challenges are becoming increasingly clear. In Central Asia, however, the nexus between water–food–energy has not received adequate attention, as the very few studies that have been conducted fell short of quantifying nexus trade-offs and benefits at a practical, small scale. This paper applies a quantitative accounting method to assess water and energy use intensity in irrigated areas of the Karshi Steppe of Central Asia that are supplied by pumping water uphill (lift-irrigated) from the underlying river. The results indicated that the potential water and energy savings as well as the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions could be achieved by applying an optimal planning deficit irrigation schedule simulated using CROPWAT 8. Some 575 MCM (million cubic metres) of water and 259 GWh of electricity can be saved, while the CO2 equivalent emissions can be reduced by almost 122 000 t. Achieving these savings requires a mix of technical and policy components. This paper describes an example of proper irrigation planning as a tool for water/energy savings and consequent reduction of CO2 emissions.
11 Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Yuldashev, Tulkun; Holmatov, B.; Gafurov, Zafar. 2018. Assessing water use, energy use, and carbon emissions in lift irrigated areas: a case study from Karshi Steppe in Uzbekistan [Abstract Only] In German Research Center for Geosciences; German Federal Foreign Office; German-Kazakh University, University of Wurzburg. International Symposium on Water and Land Resources in Central Asia. Proceedings Paper, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 9-11 October 2018. Potsdam, Germany: Central Asia Water (CAWa) Project. pp.98.
Water use ; Water conservation ; Eenergy consumption ; Carbon ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Emission reduction ; Irrigated land ; Irrigation scheduling ; Steppes ; Pumps ; Case studies / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049100)
Advantages of a nexus approach in addressing complex environmental challenges are increasingly becoming clear. In Central Asia, however, the nexus between water-food-energy has not received adequate attention, as the very few studies that were conducted fell short of quantifying nexus tradeoffs and benefits at a practical, small scale. This paper applies a quantitative accounting method to assess water and energy use intensity in irrigated areas of Karshi Steppe of Central Asia that are supplied by pumping water uphill (lift-irrigated) from the underlying river. The results indicated that the potential water and energy savings, as well as the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, could be achieved by applying optimal planning deficit irrigation schedule simulated using Cropwat-8. Some 575 million cubic meters of water and 259 GWh of electricity can be saved while the CO2 equivalent emissions can be reduced by almost 122 ktons. Achieving these savings requires a mix of technical and policy components. This study describes an example of proper irrigation planning as a tool for water/energy savings and consequent reduction of CO2 emissions.
12 Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, S.; Akramov, Bekzod; Yuldashev, Tulkun; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture. 2018. Modifying Hargreaves-Samani equation for estimating reference evapotranspiration in dryland regions of Amudarya River Basin. Agricultural Sciences, 9(10):1354-1368. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2018.910094]
River basins ; Evapotranspiration ; Estimation ; Forecasting ; Arid zones ; Temperature ; Irrigated land ; Climatic factors ; Statistical methods / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Amu Darya River Basin / Karshi Steppe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049270)
(2.21 MB) (2.21 MB)
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key factor in determining the amount of water needed for crops, which is crucial to correct irrigation planning. FAO Penman-Monteith (EToPM) is among the most popular method to estimate ETo. Apparently sometimes it is difficult to compute ETo using Penman-Monteith due to challenges on data availability. FAO Penman-Monteith method requires many parameters (solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and humidity), while Hargreaves-Samani method calculates ETo based on air temperature. Because Central Asia is a data limited region with weather stations unable to provide all required parameters for the PM method, this study aimed to estimate ETo using the Hargreaves and Samani (HS) method in Karshi Steppe, in Kashkadarya province, in southern Uzbekistan, based on data from 2011 to 2017. Reference evapotranspiration calculated by non-modified HS method is underestimated during the summer months. The reason for this underestimation might be higher air temperature and wind speed during these months. Therefore, the HS method in its original form cannot be used in our study area to estimate ETo. Modification of the EToHS, through application of a bias correction factor, had better performance and allowed improving the accuracy of the ETo calculation for this region. The calculated ETo values can inform decision making and management practices regarding water allocation, irrigation scheduling and crop selection in dry land regions of Amudarya river basin and the greater Central Asia area.
13 Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Holmatov, B.; Hamidov, A.; Gafurov, Zafar; Murzaeva, Makhliyo; Susnik, J.; Maskey, S.; Mehmood, H.; Smakhtin, V. 2020. Surface water resources. In Xenarios, S.; Schmidt-Vogt, D.; Qadir, M.; Janusz-Pawletta, B.; Abdullaev, I. (Eds.). The Aral Sea Basin: water for sustainable development in Central Asia. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.25-38. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Water resources development ; Surface water ; Hydrometeorology ; Observation ; Climate change ; Anthropogenic factors ; Water use ; Irrigated farming ; Infrastructure ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Rivers ; Flow discharge ; Riparian zones / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Tajikistan / Kyrgyzstan / Kazakhstan / Turkmenistan / Aral Sea Basin / Amu Darya River / Syr Darya River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049380)
(5.84 MB)
14 Anarbekov, Oyture; Gaypnazarov, Norboy; Akramov, Isomiddin; Gafurov, Zafar; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Solieva, Umida; Khodjaev, Shovkat; Yuldashev, Tulkin; Akramov, Bekzod; Murzaeva, Makhliyo. 2019. Assessment of the current situation of the Aksu River Basin in Kashkadarya Region: analytical report. In Russian. Project report prepared under the European Union Programme on Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas in Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Tashkent, Uzbekistan: European Union; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 58p. (Also in English/Uzbek)
River basin development ; Water resources ; Water management ; Integrated management ; Sustainability ; Legal frameworks ; Water governance ; Development policies ; Planning ; Groundwater ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water quality ; Rural areas ; Socioeconomic environment ; Stakeholders ; Strategies ; Agricultural development ; Irrigation systems ; Natural disasters ; Risk analysis ; Land resources ; Ecosystems ; Biodiversity / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya / Aksu River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049426)
(8.36 MB)
15 Anarbekov, Oyture; Gaypnazarov, Norboy; Akramov, Isomiddin; Gafurov, Zafar; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Solieva, Umida; Khodjaev, Shovkat; Yuldashev, Tulkin; Akramov, Bekzod; Murzaeva, Makhliyo. 2018. Assessment of the current situation of the Aksu River Basin in Kashkadarya Region: analytical report. [Project report prepared under the European Union Programme on Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas in Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)]. In Uzbek. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: European Union; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 58p. (Also in English/Russian)
River basin development ; Water resources ; Water management ; Integrated management ; Sustainability ; Legal frameworks ; Water governance ; Development policies ; Planning ; Groundwater ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water quality ; Rural areas ; Socioeconomic environment ; Stakeholders ; Strategies ; Agricultural development ; Irrigation systems ; Natural disasters ; Risk analysis ; Land resources ; Ecosystems ; Biodiversity / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya / Aksu River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049427)
(8.73 MB)
16 Anarbekov, Oyture; Gaypnazarov, Norboy; Akramov, Isomiddin; Gafurov, Zafar; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Solieva, Umida; Khodjaev, Shovkat; Yuldashev, Tulkin; Akramov, Bekzod; Murzaeva, Makhliyo. 2018. Assessment of the current situation of the Aksu River Basin in Kashkadarya Region: analytical report. [Project report prepared under the European Union Programme on Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas in Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)]. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: European Union; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 58p. (Also in Russian/Uzbek)
River basin development ; Water resources ; Water management ; Integrated management ; Sustainability ; Legal frameworks ; Water governance ; Development policies ; Planning ; Groundwater ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water quality ; Rural areas ; Socioeconomic environment ; Stakeholders ; Strategies ; Agricultural development ; Irrigation systems ; Natural disasters ; Risk analysis ; Land resources ; Ecosystems ; Biodiversity / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya / Aksu River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049441)
(8.63 MB)
17 Anarbekov, Oyture; Gaypnazarov, Norboy; Gafurov, Zafar; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Solieva, Umida; Khodjaev, Shovkat; Akramov, Isomiddin; Akramov, Bekzod; Murzaeva, Makhliyo. 2018. Assessment of the current situation of the Shakhrikhansay Irrigation System in Andijan Region: analytical report. [Project report prepared under the European Union Programme on Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas of Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and supply part]. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: European Union; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 57p. (Also in Russian/Uzbek)
Irrigation systems ; Water resources ; Water management ; Integrated management ; Legal frameworks ; River basin development ; Water governance ; Development policies ; Strategies ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Indicators ; Water use ; Infrastructure ; Planning ; Ecosystems ; Biodiversity ; Stakeholders ; Socioeconomic environment ; Agricultural development ; Land resources ; Rural areas ; Natural disasters ; Risk analysis / Uzbekistan / Andijan / Shakhrikhansay Irrigation System / Fergana Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049438)
(77.70 MB)
18 Anarbekov, Oyture; Gaypnazarov, Norboy; Akramov, Isomiddin; Gafurov, Zafar; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Solieva, Umida; Khodjaev, Shovkat; Yuldashev, Tulkin; Akramov, Bekzod; Murzaeva, Makhliyo. 2018. Assessment of the current situation of the Shakhrikhansay Irrigation System in Andijan Region: analytical report. [Project report prepared under the European Union Programme on Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas of Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and supply part]. In Russian. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: European Union; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 58p. (Also in English/Uzbek)
Irrigation systems ; Water resources ; Water management ; Integrated management ; Legal frameworks ; River basin development ; Water governance ; Development policies ; Strategies ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Indicators ; Water use ; Infrastructure ; Planning ; Ecosystems ; Biodiversity ; Stakeholders ; Socioeconomic environment ; Agricultural development ; Land resources ; Rural areas ; Natural disasters ; Risk analysis / Uzbekistan / Andijan / Shakhrikhansay Irrigation System / Fergana Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049439)
(79.50 MB)
19 Anarbekov, Oyture; Gaypnazarov, Norboy; Akramov, Isomiddin; Gafurov, Zafar; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Solieva, Umida; Khodjaev, Shovkat; Yuldashev, Tulkin; Akramov, Bekzod; Murzaeva, Makhliyo. 2018. Assessment of the current situation of the Shakhrikhansay Irrigation System in Andijan Region: analytical report. [Project report prepared under the European Union Programme on Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas of Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and supply part]. In Uzbek. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: European Union; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 57p. (Also in English/Russian)
Irrigation systems ; Water resources ; Water management ; Integrated management ; Legal frameworks ; River basin development ; Water governance ; Development policies ; Strategies ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Indicators ; Water use ; Infrastructure ; Planning ; Ecosystems ; Biodiversity ; Stakeholders ; Socioeconomic environment ; Agricultural development ; Land resources ; Rural areas ; Natural disasters ; Risk analysis / Uzbekistan / Andijan / Shakhrikhansay Irrigation System / Fergana Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049440)
(85.50 MB)
20 Anarbekov, Oyture; Gaypnazarov, Norboy; Solieva, Umida; Gafurov, Zafar; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Akramov, Isomiddin; Khodjaev, Shovkat; Murzayeva, Makhliyo; Akramov, Bekzod. 2019. Full costs recovery on operation and maintenance of irrigation systems in the pilot river basins. Project report prepared under the European Union Programme on Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas in Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Tashkent, Uzbekistan: European Union; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 63p. (Also in Russian)
Irrigation systems ; Maintenance ; Cost recovery ; Cost benefit analysis ; Financing ; Estimation ; Water resources ; Water management ; River basins ; Water supply ; Economic value ; Water user associations ; Sustainability ; Irrigated farming ; Agricultural production ; Farm income ; Rural areas ; Socioeconomic environment / Uzbekistan / Aksu Basin / Shakhrikhansay Basin / Amu-Kashkadarya Irrigation System / Andijan / Fergana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049442)
(6.30 MB)
This report has been prepared in accordance with the objectives of activity 7.5 - supporting river basin organizations in conducting an economic analysis of water use and the application of full cost recovery principles; in developing financial and economic incentives for water conservation and improvement of water productivity in rural areas of the Component No. 1: “National Framework Concept for Water Management and Integrated Water Resources Management” of the European Union Program of “Sustainable Water Management in Rural Areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan”.
Data collection and analysis were carried out in 2017, and the report was printed in 2019. Most statistics were provided before December 31, 2017. The data were obtained from statistical collections, as well as from the annual reports of the BISA and MKM.
Data collection and analysis were carried out in 2017, and the report was printed in 2019. Most statistics were provided before December 31, 2017. The data were obtained from statistical collections, as well as from the annual reports of the BISA and MKM.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
