Your search found 18 records
1 Bjornlund, H.; Mckay, J. 1996. TWE policy in horticultural South Australia - A major player in the water market? In Pigram, J. J. (Ed.), Security and sustainability in a mature water economy: A global perspective: Water and Resource Economics Consortium, proceedings of an international workshop, University of Melbourne, February 1996. Armidale, NSW, Australia: University of New England. Centre for Water Policy Research. pp.305-323.
Water market ; Water policy ; Water allocation ; Irrigation water ; Irrigated farming ; Databases ; Water transfer ; Models ; Prices / Australia / River Murray / South Australia
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 PIG Record No: H020173)
2 Bjornlund, H.. 2003. Farmer participation in markets for temporary and permanent water in Southeastern Australia. Agricultural Water Management, 63(1):57-76.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H033105)
3 Bjornlund, H.. 2003. Efficient water market mechanisms to cope with water scarcity. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 19(4):553-567.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H033669)
4 Bjornlund, H.; Rossini, P. 2005. Fundamentals determining prices and activities in the market for water allocations. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 21(2):355-369.
Water allocation ; Water market ; Prices ; Water scarcity ; Regression analysis ; Time series ; Analysis
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H037242)
5 Bjornlund, H.. 2005. Irrigators and the new policy paradigm: an Australian case study. Water Policy, 7(6):581-595.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H038176)
6 Bjornlund, H.; van Rooyen, A.; Stirzaker, R. 2017. Profitability and productivity barriers and opportunities in small-scale irrigation schemes. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):690-704. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1263552]
Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Water productivity ; Profitability ; Barriers ; Institutional constraints ; Water governance ; Infrastructure ; Technological changes ; Farm equipment ; Farmer participation ; Government ; Agricultural extension ; Livestock ; Markets ; Supply chain ; Financing ; Land tenure ; Case studies / Tanzania / Mozambique / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048118)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2016.1263552?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTYuMTI2MzU1Mj9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048118.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048118.pdf
(1.21 MB) (1.21 MB)
Irrigation development in Sub-Saharan Africa has lagged significantly behind that in other developing countries. Consequently, economic development and food security are also lagging behind. Since the mid-2000s there has been a resurgence in the willingness to invest in irrigation, and Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest potential of any developing region to benefit from it. However, to gain from new investment in irrigation without repeating past failures, it is critical to develop a business model for small-scale irrigation schemes. This article explores the barriers that such a model needs to address to be successful and the opportunities this represents for irrigators’ profitability.
7 van Rooyen, A. F.; Ramshaw, P.; Moyo, M.; Stirzaker, R.; Bjornlund, H.. 2017. Theory and application of agricultural innovation platforms for improved irrigation scheme management in Southern Africa. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):804-823. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321530]
Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Agricultural development ; Innovation ; Irrigation management ; Smallholders ; Water authorities ; Corporate culture ; Capacity building ; Markets / Southern Africa / Mozambique / Tanzania / Zimbabwe / Mkoba Irrigation Scheme / Silalatshani Irrigation Scheme / 25 de Setembro Irrigation Scheme / Khanimambo Irrigation Scheme / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Magozi Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048119)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321530?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTcuMTMyMTUzMD9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048119.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048119.pdf
(2.38 MB) (2.38 MB)
Many small-scale irrigation systems are characterized by low yields and deteriorating infrastructure. Interventions often erroneously focus on increasing yields and rehabilitating infrastructure. Small-scale irrigation systems have many of the characteristics of complex socio-ecological systems, with many different actors and numerous interconnected subsystems. However, the limited interaction between the different subsystems and their agents prevents learning and the emergence of more beneficial outcomes. This article reports on using Agricultural Innovation Platforms to create an environment in which irrigation scheme actors can engage, experiment, learn and build adaptive capacity to increase market-related offtake and move out of poverty.
8 Pittock, J.; Bjornlund, H.; Stirzaker, R.; van Rooyen, A. 2017. Communal irrigation systems in South-eastern Africa: findings on productivity and profitability. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):839-847. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1324768]
Communal irrigation systems ; Irrigation schemes ; Smallholders ; Water productivity ; Profitability ; Investment ; Barriers ; Agriculture ; Farmers ; Market access ; State intervention / South eastern Africa / Mozambique / Tanzania / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048120)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2017.1324768?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTcuMTMyNDc2OD9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048120.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048120.pdf
(0.89 MB) (916 KB)
Significant expansion of irrigated agriculture is planned in Africa, though existing smallholder schemes perform poorly. Research at six schemes in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe shows that a range of problems are exacerbated by poor management, with limited market linkages leading to underutilization and a lack of profit. Improving sustainability of these complex systems will require: multiple interventions at different scales; investing in people and institutions as much as hardware; clarity in governments’ objectives for their smallholder irrigation schemes; appropriate business models to enable farmers; and better market linkages.
9 Mwamakamba, S. N.; Sibanda, L. M.; Pittock, J.; Stirzaker, R.; Bjornlund, H.; van Rooyen, A.; Munguambe, P.; Mdemu, M. V.; Kashaigili, J. J. 2017. Irrigating Africa: policy barriers and opportunities for enhanced productivity of smallholder farmers. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):824-838. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321531]
Irrigated farming ; Smallholders ; Farmers organizations ; Water policy ; Government managed irrigation systems ; Productivity ; Water use ; Water governance ; Institutions ; Market access ; Seeds ; Farm equipment ; Land tenure / Africa South of Sahara / Mozambique / Tanzania / Zimbabwe / Magozi Irrigation Scheme / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Mkoba Irrigation Scheme / Silalatshani Irrigation Scheme / 25 de Setembro Irrigation Scheme / Khanimambo Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048121)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321531?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTcuMTMyMTUzMT9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048121.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048121.pdf
(1.41 MB) (1.41 MB)
African governments have ambitious plans to expand irrigated agriculture, though existing smallholder schemes have largely failed to use land and water sustainably or become profitable. Six government-owned irrigation schemes in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe were assessed to identify common policy barriers and opportunities for higher productivity among smallholder farmers. Issues like insecure land tenure systems, unclear institutional arrangements and poor access to markets have contributed to limited profitability. Reform of currently insecure land tenure, strengthening farmer organizations and reforming policies are recommended so that governments step back from scheme management and foster market linkages to enable more profitable irrigated agriculture.
10 Mdemu, M. V.; Mziray, N.; Bjornlund, H.; Kashaigili, J. J. 2017. Barriers to and opportunities for improving productivity and profitability of the Kiwere and Magozi irrigation schemes in Tanzania. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):725-739. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1188267]
Irrigation schemes ; Productivity ; Profitability ; Barriers ; Financing ; Markets ; Water supply ; Water governance ; Food security ; Crop production ; Farmers ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Farm equipment ; Infrastructure ; Advisory officers ; Access to information / Tanzania / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Magozi Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048143)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2016.1188267?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTYuMTE4ODI2Nz9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048143.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048143.pdf
(1.51 MB) (1.51 MB)
Irrigation is a key strategy for food security and poverty alleviation among small farmers in Tanzania. However, the potential of irrigation to improve food security is limited by multiple barriers. This article discusses these barriers within the Kiwere and Magozi schemes. Results indicate that water supply barriers are caused by poor irrigation infrastructure and management. Lack of finance is also a critical barrier to increasing overall productivity. Finance affects farmers’ timely access to adequate supply of quality inputs and machinery and availability of transport to access inputs and profitable markets. There is evidence that these barriers have to be addressed holistically.
11 Wheeler, S. A.; Zuo, A.; Bjornlund, H.; Mdemu, M. V.; van Rooyen, A.; Munguambe, P. 2017. An overview of extension use in irrigated agriculture and case studies in south-eastern Africa. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):755-769. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1225570]
Irrigated farming ; Innovation adoption ; Agricultural development ; Extension activities ; Agricultural extension ; Farm income ; Farmers ; Irrigation schemes ; Developing countries ; Case studies / South eastern Africa / Tanzania / Mozambique / Zimbabwe / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Magozi Irrigation Scheme / Khanimambo Irrigation Scheme / 25 de Setembro Irrigation Scheme / Mkoba Irrigation Scheme / Silalatshani Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048198)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2016.1225570?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTYuMTIyNTU3MD9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048198.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048198.pdf
(1.19 MB) (1.19 MB)
This study provides an overview of extension influence on the adoption of irrigation innovations in developed and developing countries, and finds that extension plays a more significant positive role in influencing soft technology adoption in developing countries. Case studies on the nature, use and availability of extension advice in six irrigation schemes in Tanzania, Mozambique and Zimbabwe are presented. The use of government extension officers varied significantly, with extension use not linked to farm outcomes. The results suggest the need to support more diverse sources of advice and to promote institutional reform in south-eastern Africa.
12 Bjornlund, H.; Zuo, A.; Wheeler, S. A.; Parry, K.; Pittock, J.; Mdemu, M.; Moyo, M. 2019. The dynamics of the relationship between household decision-making and farm household income in small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa. Agricultural Water Management, 213:135-145. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.10.002]
Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Farmers ; Household income ; Decision making ; Living standards ; Strategies ; Gender ; Labour ; Models ; Socioeconomic environment / Southern Africa / Mozambique / Zimbabwe / United Republic of Tanzania / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Magozi Irrigation Scheme / Mkoba Irrigation Scheme / Silalatshani Irrigation Scheme / 25 de Setembro Irrigation Scheme / Khanimambo Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049140)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377418305481/pdfft?md5=623f0afb5a14e8ed0d133bcf1b30ae6b&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377418305481-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049140.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049140.pdf
(0.59 MB) (612 KB)
Irrigation has been promoted as a strategy to reduce poverty and improve livelihoods in southern Africa. Households’ livelihood strategies within small-scale irrigation schemes have become increasingly complex and diversified. Strategies consist of farm income from rain-fed and irrigated cropping as well as livestock and an increasing dependence on off-farm income. The success of these strategies depends on the household’s ability to make decisions about how to utilize its’ financial, labour, land and water resources. This study explores the dynamics of decision-making in households on-farm household income within six small-scale irrigation schemes, across three southern African countries. Household survey data (n = 402) was analyzed using ordered probit and ordinary least squares regression. Focus group discussions and field observations provided qualitative data on decision-making in the six schemes. We found strong support for the notion that decision-making dynamics strongly influence total household income. Households make trade-offs between irrigation, dryland, livestock and off-farm work when they allocate their labour resources to maximize household income; as opposed to maximizing the income from any individual component of their livelihood strategy, such as irrigation. Combined with the impact of the small plot size of irrigated land, this is likely to result in sub-optimal benefits from expensive investments in irrigation infrastructure. Policy-makers must consider this when developing and implementing new policies.
13 Moyo, M.; Van Rooyen, A.; Bjornlund, H.; Parry, K.; Stirzaker, R.; Dube, T.; Maya, M. 2020. The dynamics between irrigation frequency and soil nutrient management: transitioning smallholder irrigation towards more profitable and sustainable systems in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 26p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2020.1739513]
Irrigation schemes ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Soil fertility ; Soil moisture ; Nutrient management ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation water ; Water productivity ; Agricultural productivity ; Maize ; Water use ; Rain ; Fertilizers ; Sustainability ; Decision making ; Monitoring techniques ; Household surveys / Zimbabwe / Mkoba Irrigation Scheme / Silalatshani Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049729)
(3.28 MB)
Successful irrigated agriculture is underpinned by answering two critical questions: when and how much to irrigate. This article quantifies the role of the Chameleon and the Wetting Front Detector, monitoring tools facilitating decision-making and learning about soil-water-nutrient dynamics. Farmers retained nutrients in the root zone by reducing irrigation frequency, number of siphons, and event duration. Water productivity increased by more than 100% for farmers both with and without monitoring tools. Transitioning smallholder irrigation systems into profitable and sustainable schemes requires investment in technology, farmers and institutions. Importantly, technologies need embedding in a learning environment that fosters critical feedback mechanisms, such as market constraints.
14 Bjornlund, H.; van Rooyen, A.; Pittock, J.; Parry, K.; Moyo, M.; Mdemu, M.; de Sousa, W. 2020. Institutional innovation and smart water management technologies in small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa. Water International, 31p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2020.1804715]
Water management ; Technology ; Agriculture ; Innovation platforms ; Institutions ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation schemes ; Communal irrigation systems ; Soil moisture ; Monitoring ; Stakeholders ; Infrastructure ; Decision making ; Models / Southern Africa / Zimbabwe / Mozambique / United Republic of Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049982)
(8.58 MB)
This paper reports on the introduction of SWM technology, soil moisture and nutrient monitoring tools, alongside Agricultural Innovation Platforms (AIP) in three small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa. Quantitative and qualitative data are presented on the changes and benefits that have resulted, including increased yield and profitability. The findings emphasize that information prior and subsequent to adoption is needed, and the importance of understanding and enhancing the incentive framework for behavioural change, including both economic and physical returns. The findings illustrate SWM technology is strengthened when introduced with credible multi-stakeholder processes, such as an AIP, that facilitate institutional innovation.
15 Parry, K.; van Rooyen, A. F.; Bjornlund, H.; Kissoly, L.; Moyo, M.; de Sousa, W. 2020. The importance of learning processes in transitioning small-scale irrigation schemes. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 36(S1):S199-S223. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2020.1767542]
Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Agricultural innovation systems ; Innovation platforms ; Learning activities ; Government managed irrigation systems ; Irrigation practices ; Agricultural research for development ; Stakeholders ; Farmers ; Training ; Knowledge ; Monitoring ; Social aspects ; Households / Africa South of Sahara / Mozambique / United Republic of Tanzania / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050067)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07900627.2020.1767542?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050067.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050067.pdf
(1.51 MB) (1.51 MB)
Many small-scale irrigation schemes are dysfunctional, and learning, innovation and evaluation are required to facilitate sustainable transitions. Using quantitative and qualitative data from five irrigation schemes in sub-Saharan Africa, we analyze how learning and change arose in response to: soil monitoring tools, which triggered a deep learning cycle; and agricultural innovation platforms, which helped develop a social learning system. Knowledge generation and innovation were driven by the incentives of more profitable farming. Learning and change spread to farmers without the tools, and learning at different levels resulted in extension and governance stakeholders facilitating profound institutional change.
16 Bjornlund, H.; van Rooyen, A.; Pittock, J.; Bjornlund, V. 2021. Changing the development paradigm in African agricultural water management to resolve water and food challenges. Water International, 19p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2021.1981579]
Water management ; Agricultural research for development ; Food security ; Productivity ; Food production ; Profitability ; Water availability ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation schemes ; Infrastructure ; Governance ; Farmers ; Rural communities / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050689)
(2.04 MB)
Meeting growing demand for water and food in Africa, and other parts of the Global South, presents a significant and critical challenge over the next 50 years. This paper draws on an ongoing project in Africa to outline the research-for-development work that is urgently required to facilitate a paradigm shift in agricultural water management. Such work should lead to increased productivity and profitability of agricultural water use to allow agriculture to release some water to meet the growing needs of other sectors, while still meeting food security needs and contributing to a prosperous rural population.
17 Richards, N.; Mkenda, A.; Bjornlund, H.. 2022. Addressing water security through catchment water stewardship partnerships: experiences from the Pangani Basin, Tanzania. Water International, 47(4):540-564. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2022.2036442]
Water security ; Catchment areas ; Watersheds ; Partnerships ; Integrated water resources management ; Public participation ; Stakeholders ; Transboundary waters ; Water governance ; Institutions ; Decision making ; Natural resources ; Water use ; Policies ; Public sector ; Capacity development ; Case studies / United Republic of Tanzania / Pangani Basin / Usa River / Weruweru Sub-Catchment / Arusha / Hanang / Siha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051252)
(5.63 MB)
The rolling out of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the Pangani Basin, Tanzania, faces several implementation and participation challenges. Building on experiences from GIZ–NatuReS stewardship partnerships, we argue that meaningfully engaging stakeholders and involving the private sector can help overcome these challenges and improve water security. We analyse data collected through interviews with partners and beneficiaries, and data stemming from partnership documents. Our analyses show that stakeholders are in support of creating an enabling environment based on IWRM by including tangible, results-based private–public–civil society partnerships which offer alternative and innovative solutions to address risks facing people, economies and ecosystems.
18 Bjornlund, H.; van Rooyen, A.; Pittock, J.; Bjornlund, V. 2023. Research and development needs in agricultural water management to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Irrigation and Drainage, 9p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2821]
Research and development ; Agricultural water management ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Food systems ; Food security ; Food insecurity ; Crop production ; Food production ; Smallholders ; Economic development ; Livelihoods ; Production systems ; Irrigation systems ; Water use ; Soil moisture ; Farmers ; Communities ; Institutions ; Policies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051788)
(0.53 MB) (544 KB)
The United Nations calls for action to achieve 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). We argue that the current development paradigm is an impediment to achieving several of these goals. We identify 14 agricultural research and development (R&D) needs, which ought to be addressed to achieve critical SDGs. We also identify the paradigm shifts required, particularly from global and international organizations, to facilitate this R&D and implement its outcomes. Importantly, the Global North2 would have to divert its focus from securing access to cheap land, water and labour that is primarily used to generate agricultural exports and business opportunities for Global North investors. Instead, the focus needs to be on creating opportunities for local farming communities to produce food for domestic markets, increase income and generate local jobs and business opportunities. Circular food systems can support a range of SDG goals, such as no hunger and zero poverty and slow migration, especially of youth, to big cities or foreign lands with insecure jobs.
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