Your search found 32 records
1 Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Cristina; Manthrithilake, Herath; Jinapala, K.; Ariyaratne, Ranjith. 2013. Quantification of potential impacts of urban and peri urban agriculture and forestry, Sri Lanka, on climate change. In Sri Lanka Water Partnership (Lanka Jalani); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Unilever-Pureit. Proceedings of the First Young Water Professionals Symposium, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 22-23 November 2012. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Water Partnership (Lanka Jalani); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: Unilever-Pureit. pp.154-159.
Climate change ; Urban agriculture ; Suburban agriculture ; Agricultural production ; Forestry ; Food security ; Water resources ; Energy ; Fertilizers / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G744 SRI Record No: H046159)
http://lankajalani.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Proceedings-YWPS.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046159.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046159.pdf
(0.50 MB) (5.26 MB)
2 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Cristina. 2014. Performance and potential of the public sector municipal solid waste compost plants in Sri Lanka [Abstract only] In Marambe, B; Abeyratne, F.; Amarasinghe, U. S.; Silva, G. L. L. P.; Alwis, P. L. A. G.; Chandrasiri, A. D. N.; Rajapaksha, R. M. C. P.; Abeysiriwardena, S.; Wijesundara, D. S. A.; Hewajulige, I. G. N.; Prematilake, K. G.; Niranjan, F. (Eds.). SLCARP International Agricultural Research Symposium, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 11-12 August 2014. Book of Abstracts. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Council for Agricultural Research Policy (SLCARP). pp.14.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046573)
The production of competitive high-quality composts from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and recovering at least operational and maintenance (O&M) cost of doing so are common challenges. A field study was conducted covering 13 public sector M5W compost plants in the country and their performance was assessed through semistructured interviews, and by exploring the challenges faced by the compost sector in general. To understand the potential of the industry, the quantities of nutrient recovered from the MSW collected and the amount of compost produced, which can actually be used as a soil conditioner and as an upgraded fertilizer blended with fecal sludge (FS), were estimated and compared with total nutrient demand from predominant farming systems. By considering the compost plant capacities the present compost potential in Sri Lanka is estimated as 200 tons/day. The nutrient values of the M5W compost are 0.9%,0.4% and 0.8% for N, P and K, respectively. If the MSW and FS co-composting is conducted the potential rice tones based on N,P,K values can be estimated as 44,000, 949,000 and 84,000 respectively. This is an increase of 130 %, 980 % and 290 % (with respect to N, P, and K) compared to the MSW compost. The actual sale to actual compost production is in the range of 1-100 %, with an average of 44 %. At present, most of the compost plants in operation in Sri Lanka are either medium or small scale. The present average cost recovery potential is as low as one-third of the O&M cost ofthe compost plant, with variances from 3 % to 106 %. It was evidenced that the capital cost cannot be recovered. This will possibly reduce further if large-scale compost plants were introduced in cities that are more mechanized and consume more energy. The study concluded that the MSW compost industry should try to (a) improve its value proposition by producing a competitive organic fertilizer, e.g. by blending the MSW input with F5, (b) perform a detailed market analyses to assess its production potential before any new plant is built, and (c) avoid over-sized plants and those that are heavily dependent on energy to keep production costs to a minimum.
3 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Christina. 2014. An analysis of the septage management situation in Sri Lanka. [Abstract only] In University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science; Sri Lanka. Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy. 19th International Forestry and Environment Symposium on Challenges and Solutions in Forest and Environment Management. Proceedings Part 1: Abstract of Papers, Sigiriya, Sri Lanka, 24-25 October 2014. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka: University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science; Battaramulla, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka. Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy. pp.47-48.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046699)
(1.05 MB)
4 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Semasinghe, Christina. 2014. Solid waste and septage co-composting as a pathway to cost and resource recovery in Sri Lanka. In Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). From toilet to source - Accelerating uptake of sustainable and integrated wastewater management solutions: proceedings of the 1st Specialist Conference on Municipal Water Management and Sanitation in Developing Countries, Bangkok, Thailand, 2-4 December 2014. London, UK: IWA Publishing; Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Institute of Technology. pp.246-252.
Solid wastes ; Urban wastes ; Composting ; Resource management ; Recycling ; Cost recovery ; Nutrients ; Faecal coliforms ; Sewage sludge ; Farmers / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046757)
(0.45 MB)
Due to its low nutrient content, compost from municipal solid waste (MS\I\1 qualifies mostly as a conditioner of soil physical properties than soil fertility. This limits the value proposition of the compost and its potential for cost recovery to maintain the compost stations. One way to enhance the compost value is to enrich it with nutrients. Given the increasing attention to fecal sludge (FS) management from septic tanks and latrines, co-composting of both waste streams could be a win-win option to increase the compost nutrient value. To assess the current situation of MSW composting and opportunities and acceptance of co-composting in Sri Lanka several field surveys were conducted including a study of 13 MSW compost plants and current septage management practices in 41 local authorities (LA), a detailed case study of an existing plant mixing MSW and FS, and a willingness to pay study among 257 farmers in proximity of a designated pilot co-composting station. The average cost recovery percentage of the existing compost plants was less than one third of the O&M costs in Sri Lanka with significant variations. The willingness to pay study indicated a high interest in enriched compost. Field trials showed that co-composting with septage could enhance the MSW compost nutrient value. For example, the Phosphorous content of 0.4% could be increased nearly 10 times. In general, co-composting could increase the financial sustainability of the existing compost plants to a substantial degree, while nutrient recovery from MSW without septage addition may not be financially sustainable. Pelletized co-compost could have an increased market value of 70%-1000,1, compare to the normal MSW compost.
5 Fernando, Sudarshana; Semasinghe, Christina; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Wijayamunie, R.; Wickramasinghe, N.; Dissanayake, S. 2016. City region food system situational analysis, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Rome, Italy: FAO; Accra, Ghana: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF). 251p.
Food consumption ; Food supply ; Food safety ; Food policies ; Food production ; Food chains ; Food security ; Stakeholders ; Corporate culture ; Institutions ; Government departments ; Municipal authorities ; Private sector ; International organizations ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; Regulations ; Policy making ; Decision making ; Human nutrition ; Malnutrition ; Sociocultural environment ; Poverty ; Natural resources management ; Climate change ; Land use ; Economic aspects ; Small scale systems ; Vegetables ; Fruits ; Livestock ; Milk production ; Crops ; Market prices ; Waste disposal ; Waste management ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Sanitation / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047774)
(7.37 MB)
6 Hettiarachchi, Lakshika; Fernando, Sudarshana; Gunawardena, S.; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Paul, Johannes G.; Grau, Felix. 2016. Strength and disintegration characteristics of compost pellets produced from urban waste in Sri Lanka. Paper presented at the Annual Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural and Natural Resource Management (Tropentag) Conference on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development, Vienna, Austria, 18-21 September 2016. 5p.
Urban wastes ; Composting ; Pellets ; Resource recovery ; Liquid wastes ; Solid wastes ; Nutrients ; Waste treatment ; Fertilizers / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047837)
http://www.tropentag.de/2016/abstracts/links/Paul_gYCioIdz.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047837.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047837.pdf
(347KB)
7 Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay; Amirova, I.; Semasinghe, Christina; Jayathilake, Nilanthi. 2015. Turning urban waste into an economic asset for urban and periurban farming in Sri Lanka. In Sismondi, L. (Ed.). Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Agriculture in an Urbanizing Society-Reconnecting agriculture and food chains to societal needs, 14-17 September 2015, Rome, Italy. Pisa, Italy: Lab di Studi Rurali Sismondi. pp.284-285.
Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Waste treatment ; Economic infrastructure ; Urban agriculture ; Periurban agriculture ; Nutrients ; Pelleting ; Soil properties ; Fertilizers / Sri Lanka / Kurunegala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047874)
To assess the current situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) composting opportunities and potential acceptance of nutrient enriched pelletized compost in Sri Lanka,two field surveys were conductednationwide and in Kurunegala (Northwestern) area, respectively. Due to the low nutrient content of MSW compost, it qualifies mostly as a conditioner of the soil’s physical properties. As a result the compost so far produced across the country has received limitedattention. The surveys indicated that if the nutrient levels are increased, 74% of the farmers surveyed are willing to use thecompost. The percentage willing to use compost was similar among farmers of the three most common crops; coconut, paddy and vegetables,ranging from 72 to 77%. Using the land use pattern, the crop cultivation databases and the willingness to use (WTU) results, the potential demand for compost was estimated.As per the results, in the urban context of Kaluthara,a 160% larger capacity plant (present input capacity 38 t/day)would be needed to satisfy market demand within a 10 km radiusof theplant. For the Attanagalla plant (present capacity 10 t/day) within a rural setting, all compost could be absorbed within 2 km.
8 Otoo, Miriam; Fernando, Sudarshana; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Madurangi, Ganesha. 2016. Opportunities for sustainable municipal solid waste management services in Batticaloa: business strategies for improved resource recovery. [Project report submitted to United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) as a part of the research project on Opportunities for Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management Services in Batticaloa: Business Strategies for Improved Rresource Recovery and Reuse] Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 71p.
Urban wastes ; Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Resource recovery ; Composting ; Local authorities ; Health hazards ; Waste water treatment plants ; Organic wastes ; Waste disposal ; Urban wastes ; Food wastes ; Curing ; Business management ; Market economics ; Assessment ; Farmer participation ; Organic fertilizers ; Nutrients ; Cost recovery ; Financial situation ; Profitability ; Price fixing ; Capacity building ; Training / Sri Lanka / Batticaloa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048062)
(4.41 MB)
9 Kumara, A. M. I. U.; Drechsel, Pay; Fernando, Sudarshana; Jayathilake, Nilanthi. 2018. Perceptions towards new restrictions on polythene usage in Sri Lanka: case study in Colombo city. [Abstract only] In Sri Lanka. Uwa Wellassa University. Proceeding of 2nd International Research Symposium on the Emerging Technologies for an Innovative Green Economy, Badulla, Sri Lanka, 1-2 February. Badulla, Sri Lanka: Uwa Wellassa University. pp.372.
Environmental protection ; Polythene ; Disposables ; Supermarkets ; State intervention / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048518)
(3.88 MB)
10 Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, B.; Fernando, Sudarshana; Hanjra, M. A. 2019. Guidelines and regulations for fecal sludge management from on-site sanitation facilities. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 57p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 14) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.211]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Sanitation ; Guidelines ; Regulations ; Standards ; Policies ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Frameworks ; Technology ; Waste disposal ; Waste treatment ; Pit latrines ; Septic tanks ; Transport ; Operating costs ; Public health ; Excreta ; Pathogens ; Aquaculture ; Pollutants ; Heavy metals ; Microplastics ; Soil conditioners ; Sewage sludge ; Organic fertilizers ; Composting ; Energy generation ; Fuels ; Environmental protection ; Occupational hazards ; Land use ; Urban areas ; Households ; Stakeholders ; Institutions ; Governmental organizations ; European Union / USA / Canada / Australia / India / Malaysia / Philippines / Vietnam / Bangladesh / Zambia / Ghana / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049291)
(1.05 MB)
In low- and middle-income countries, the management of fecal sludge from on-site sanitation systems has received little attention over many decades, resulting in insufficient or missing regulations to guide investments and management options. To address this gap, this report examines existing and emerging guidelines and regulations for fecal sludge management (FSM) along the sanitation service chain (user interface, containment, emptying, transport, treatment, valorization, reuse or disposal). It also draws empirical examples from guidelines across the globe to support policy-makers, planners, and sanitation and health officers, as well as consultants in low- and middle-income countries in the development and design of local and national FSM guidelines and regulations.
11 Nikiema, Josiane; Impraim, Robert; Cofie, Olufunke; Nartey, Eric; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Thiel, Felix; Drechsel, Pay. 2020. Training manual for fecal sludge-based compost production and application. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 63p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 15) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.200]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Faecal sludge ; Composting ; Organic fertilizers ; Training materials ; Manuals ; Guidelines ; Best practices ; Organic wastes ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Urban wastes ; Feedstocks ; Sludge dewatering ; Aerobic treatment ; Decomposition ; Enrichment ; Pelleting ; Product quality ; Monitoring ; Equipment ; Maintenance ; Safety at work ; Protective clothing ; Health hazards ; Pathogens ; Environmental effects ; Fertilizer technology ; Fertilizer application ; Plant nutrition ; Nitrogen ; Carbon ; Product certification / Ghana / Sri Lanka / Greater Accra Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049476)
(1.96 MB)
Over the last decade, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) has explored the use of fecal sludge (FS) in combination with other organic waste sources to optimize FS treatment and composting for the production of a safe organic fertilizer, which can – depending on demand – be enriched with crop nutrients or pelletized for volume reduction, delayed decomposition or easier application. Based on IWMI’s experience, this training manual has been compiled for plant managers and trainers to help ensure that staff involved in FS treatment and production, and application of an FS-based co-compost adopt best practices in all processes involved. The manual can be adapted to local needs as required. It also includes information on compost registration and certification, as well as guidelines for co-compost application in the field.
12 Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Kumara, I. U.; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2020. Solid and liquid waste management and resource recovery in Sri Lanka: a 20 city analysis. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 83p.
Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Resource management ; Urban areas ; Urban wastes ; Municipal wastewater ; Treatment plants ; Waste disposal ; Sewerage ; Septic tanks ; Faecal sludge ; Latrines ; Recycling ; Desludging ; Composting ; Waste landfills ; Water supply ; Municipal authorities ; Local authorities ; Households ; Sanitation ; Development projects / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura / Badulla / Batticaloa / Colombo / Galle / Jaffna / Kaluthara / Kandy / Kilinochchi / Kurunegala / Mannar / Matale / Matara / Mullaithivu / Negombo / Nuwara Eliya / Puttalam / Ratnapura / Trincomalee / Vauniya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050009)
(16.1 MB)
13 Ulrich, Andreas; Ekasanti, Prawisti; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Taron, Avinandan. 2020. Catalog of technical options for fecal sludge management in Bangladesh. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 140p.
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Technological changes ; Value chains ; Waste treatment ; Treatment plants ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Transport ; Septic tanks ; Anaerobic digesters ; Heat treatment ; Pumps ; Composting ; Pelleting ; Legislation ; Planning ; Maintenance ; Costs ; Sanitation ; Sustainable Development Goals / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050042)
(13.4 MB)
14 Carrard, N.; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Willetts, J. 2021. Life-cycle costs of a resource-oriented sanitation system and implications for advancing a circular economy approach to sanitation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 307:127135. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127135]
Waste management ; Sanitation ; Cost analysis ; Economic aspects ; Financial viability ; Faecal sludge ; Waste treatment ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Desludging ; Composting ; Urban areas ; Households ; Local government ; Investment ; Sustainable Development Goals / Sri Lanka / Balangoda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050437)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652621013548/pdfft?md5=1c2cb1a3a9d6aff7beecc1e4192df08f&pid=1-s2.0-S0959652621013548-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050437.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050437.pdf
(0.63 MB) (644 KB)
Implementing a circular economy approach to sanitation requires knowledge of the costs to construct, operate and maintain resource-oriented systems. Yet the dearth of data on costs of urban sanitation in general, and resource-oriented systems in particular, limit opportunities to progress sustainable sanitation in low- and middle-income countries. This paper contributes empirical data on the life-cycle costs of a resource-oriented sanitation system in urban Sri Lanka, addressing a gap in evidence about how much it costs, and who pays, for a system that integrates fecal sludge management with nutrient capture and reuse. Costs across the system life-cycle were analyzed according to: (i) cost type; (ii) phases of the sanitation chain; and (iii) distribution between actors. Over a 25-year lifespan, the system had an annualized cost of USD 2.8/person or USD 11/m3 of septage treated. Revenue from co-compost sales covered reuse-related costs plus 8% of present value costs for other phases of the sanitation chain. Findings affirm both the potential for resource-oriented sanitation to generate revenue, and the need for substantial complementary investment in the overall system. The system was found to be reliant on household investment, yet financially viable from the service provider perspective with revenue from desludging services (89%) and co-compost sales (11%) that exceeded costs over the system lifespan and in most years. The analysis of total costs, financial perspectives, and reuse specifics contributes critical evidence to inform policy and planning that supports a purposeful and equitable transition towards circular economy approaches to sanitation.
15 Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Drechsel, Pay. 2021. Reuse of food waste as animal feed in Sri Lanka. In Malathy, P.; Kajanthy, S.; Rukshani, P.; Sarmatha, P. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Vavuniya University International Research Conference (VUIRC) 2021 on Human Empowerment Through Research Excellence, Virtual Conference, 15 October 2021. Vavuniya, Sri Lanka: University of Vavuniya. pp.51-55.
Food wastes ; Reuse ; Livestock feed ; Organic wastes ; Regulations ; Safety ; Guidelines ; Piggeries ; Farmers ; Periurban areas / Sri Lanka / Colombo / Gampaha / Kalutara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050788)
https://vau.ac.lk/VUIRC-2021/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/VUIRC-Proceedings.pdf#page=78
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050788.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050788.pdf
(0.29 MB) (20.6 MB)
The use of food waste (FW) from food services as animal feed through informal agreements has been in practice for many years in Sri Lanka. However, data to show the scale of this practice are inadequate. This paper aims to study the extent of FW diverted to piggeries and the opportunities and challenges in reusing FW as animal feed. The data were collected via telephonic survey from 24 piggery farmers in the Western Province in May 2020. Results revealed that 50% of farmers were rearing 100-300 pigs. Farmers used FW as a major feed source to satisfy 82% of total feed requirement on an average. About 40% of the farmers collected the FW from multiple sources such as hotels, restaurants and canteens. Given that the piggery farms are located in peri-urban areas, the average distance traveled by the farmers is 38 km up and down which indicated the value of FW for them. FW was supplied mostly free of charge; however, 26% of the farmers pay LKR 2 to 40/kg when supplied by intermediaries. FW was collected daily, and the amount collected by the farmers varies 50 to 10000 kg/day depending on demand and supply, with 75% of farmers collected less than 1000 kg/day.
16 Roy, E. D.; Esham, M.; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Otoo, M.; Koliba, C.; Wijethunga, I. B.; Fein-Cole, M. J. 2021. Compost quality and markets are pivotal for sustainability in circular food-nutrient systems: a case study of Sri Lanka. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5:748391. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.748391]
Composting ; Product quality ; Markets ; Food systems ; Nutrients ; Sustainability ; Circular economy ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Food wastes ; Waste management ; Biodegradable products ; Organic fertilizers ; Standards ; Policies ; Stakeholders ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Colombo / Galle / Gampaha / Kalutara / Ratnapura
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050801)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2021.748391/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050801.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050801.pdf
(5.54 MB) (5.54 MB)
Sustainable management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a critical issue around the world, especially in South Asia where waste generation is expected to double by 2050. Closing the food-nutrient cycle through composting biodegradable MSW has the potential to meet human needs, including sanitation and food security, while protecting the environment. We use an interdisciplinary case study approach including systems thinking to assess Sri Lanka’s national MSW composting system, which primarily receives residential and commercial food waste. We embed quantitative compost quality analysis and interviews at 20 composting facilities within a broader qualitative assessment informed by ~60 stakeholders in total. This approach yields insights on how institutional, economic, social, and biophysical aspects of the system are interrelated, and how challenges and solutions can create undesirable and desirable cascading effects, respectively. Such dynamics can create risks of composting facility failure and unintended consequences, diminishing the chances of achieving a sustainable circular food–nutrient system. Compost quality, which was variable, plays a pivotal role within the system—a function of program design and implementation, as well as a determinant of value capture in a circular economy. We make several recommendations to inform future efforts to sustainably manage biodegradable MSW using composting, drawing on our case study of Sri Lanka and prior case studies from other nations. Key among these is the need for increased emphasis on compost product quality and markets in policy and program design and implementation. Targeted measures are needed to improve waste separation, boost compost quality, effectively use compost standards, encourage compost market development, ringfence the revenues generated at municipal compost plants, and identify efficient modes of compost distribution. Such measures require adequate space and infrastructure for composting, resource investment, local expertise to guide effective system management, strong links with the agriculture sector, and continued political support.
17 Tanoh, Rebecca; Nikiema, Josiane; Asiedu, Zipporah; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Cofie, Olufunke. 2022. The contribution of tipping fees to the operation, maintenance, and management of fecal sludge treatment plants: the case of Ghana. Journal of Environmental Management, 303:114125. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114125]
Faecal sludge ; Treatment plants ; Maintenance ; Public-private partnerships ; Waste management ; Stabilization ponds ; Cost recovery ; Developing countries / Ghana / Kumasi / Accra / Tema / Sekondi-Takoradi / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050803)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479721021873/pdfft?md5=42d248809b6b06b2bf7af6792d23b6f1&pid=1-s2.0-S0301479721021873-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050803.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050803.pdf
(1.75 MB) (1.75 MB)
Globally, collection of tipping fees is being promoted as a solution to sustain the operation of fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs). Currently, there are six large-scale FSTPs in Ghana, of which five were in operation in June 2017. In Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi and Tamale, fecal sludge (FS) is co-treated with landfill leachate using waste stabilization ponds (WSPs). In Tema and Accra, FS is treated using WSPs and a mechanical dewatering system coupled with an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). The focus of this study is FSTPs and to assess how, and if, the tipping fees set by the municipalities could enable cost recovery to sustain their long-term operation. Using a questionnaire survey to interview plant managers from the public and private sectors, and directors of waste management departments, we found that the overall average operation, maintenance and management (OM&M) costs per 1000 m3 of treated waste (FS or FS + leachate) in 2017 were USD89 in Kumasi, USD150 in Tamale, USD179 in Tema, USD244 in Sekondi-Takoradi and USD1,743 in Accra. There were important disparities between FSTPs due to their scale, age, and level of treatment and monitoring. Currently, most FSTPs charge tipping fees that range between USD310 and USD530/1000 m3 of FS, averaging USD421 ± 98/1000 m3 of FS discharged at FSTPs. Our study also showed that the OM&M costs of large-scale intensive FSTPs cannot be sustained by relying solely on tipping fees. However, there could be potential to cover the routine expenditures associated with operating smaller FSTPs that relying on WSP technologies.
18 Ulrich, Andreas; Taron, Avinandan; Jayathilake, Nilanthi. 2019. Assessment of the FSM value-chain in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 123p.
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Value chains ; Assessment ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Business models ; Wastewater treatment ; Treatment plants ; Infrastructure ; Septic tanks ; Feasibility studies ; Financial analysis ; Institutions ; Sustainability ; Composting / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050832)
https://waterdata.iwmi.org/applications/sanitaion/reports/FSM-AssessmentSriLanka_IWMI_WB2019.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050832.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050832.pdf
(4.41 MB) (4.41 MB)
19 Aheeyar, Mohamed; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Bandara, A.; Bucatariu, C.; Reitemeier, M.; Drechsel, Pay. 2021. Urban stakeholder analysis for food waste prevention and reduction in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 62p.
Food wastes ; Waste reduction ; Stakeholder analysis ; Waste management ; Urban areas ; Municipal authorities ; Local authorities ; Solid wastes ; Food production ; Policies ; Institutions / Sri Lanka / Colombo / Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte / Kaduwela / Moratuwa / Negombo / Kandy / Galle / Jaffna / Kurunegala / Batticaloa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050833)
https://waterdata.iwmi.org/applications/sanitaion/reports/Report%20Institutions_First%20draft.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050833.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050833.pdf
(1.33 MB) (1.33 MB)
20 Aheeyar, Mohamed; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Bucatariu, C.; Reitemeier, M.; Bandara, A.; Thiel, Felix; Drechsel, Pay. 2021. Governance analysis for urban-wholesale-to-household’s food waste prevention and reduction in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 42p.
Food wastes ; Waste reduction ; Governance ; Frameworks ; Urban areas ; Household wastes ; Wholesale markets ; Waste management ; Guidelines ; Legislation ; Policies ; Food safety ; Nutrition ; Climate change ; Institutions / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050834)
https://waterdata.iwmi.org/applications/sanitaion/reports/Report%20Policy-%20second%20draft.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050834.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050834.pdf
(1.15 MB) (1.15 MB)
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
