Your search found 57 records
1 Netherlands Water Partnership; WASTE Advisers on Urban Environment and Development; Practica Foundation; Simavi; IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre; Partners for Water. 2006. Smart sanitation solutions: examples of innovative, low-cost technologies for toilets, collection, transportation, treatment and use of sanitation products. Delft, Netherlands: NWP. 68p.
Sanitation ; Appropriate technology ; Hygiene ; Public health ; Excreta ; Collection ; Transport ; Waste treatment ; Fertilizers ; Composting ; Soil conditioners ; Dehydration ; Anaerobic treatment ; Biogas ; Costs ; Case studies / Philippines / Nepal
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 628 G000 NET Record No: H038806)
http://www.arcworld.org/downloads/smart%20sanitation%20solutions%202.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H038806.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H038806.pdf
(4.97 MB) (4.97MB)
2 Narain, S.; Babu, S. S. V.; Seth, B. L.; Chak, A.; Dixit, V. K. 2007. Sewage canal: how to clean The Yamuna. New Delhi, India: Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). 180p.
Waste management ; Sewage ; Rivers ; Pollution ; Action plans ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Wastewater ; Waste treatment ; Water quality ; Coliform bacteria / India / Yamuna River / New Delhi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.3 G635 NAR Record No: H043793)
(0.54 MB)
3 Clark, J. W.; Viessman. W.; Hammer, M. J. 1977. Water supply and pollution control. 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA: Harper and Row. 857p.
Water supply ; History ; Water pollution ; Chemical treatment ; Biological treatment ; Pollutants ; Air pollution ; Solid wastes ; Groundwater ; Surface water ; Water distribution ; Water users ; Water use ; Water budget ; Water quality ; Models ; Water requirements ; Runoff ; Yields ; Reservoirs ; Pumping ; Sludges ; Processing ; Waste treatment ; Industrial wastes ; Wastewater treatment ; Filters ; Filtration ; Chemicals ; Water reuse ; Legal aspects ; Water rights ; Public health
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 CLA Record No: H043923)
(0.18 MB)
4 Mukhtar, M.; Ensink, J.; Van der Hoek, W.; Amerasinghe, F. P.; Konradsen, F. 2006. Importance of waste stabilization ponds and wastewater irrigation in the generation of vector mosquitoes in Pakistan. Journal of Medical Entomology, 43(5):996-1003.
Wastewater irrigation ; Waste treatment ; Ponds ; Vectorborne diseases ; Public health ; Mosquitoes ; Culex ; Anopheles ; Water quality / Pakistan / Faisalabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044368)
(0.09 MB)
The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of waste stabilization ponds (WSP) and wastewater-irrigated sites for the production of mosquitoes of medical importance. Mosquito larvae were collected fortnightly from July 2001 to June 2002 in Faisalabad, Pakistan. In total, 3,132 water samples from WSP and irrigated areas yielded 606,053 Culex larvae of Þve species. In addition, 107,113 anophelines, representing eight species were collected. Anopheles subpictus (Grassi) and Culex mosquitoes, especially Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Giles), showed an overwhelming preference for anaerobic ponds, which receive untreated wastewater. Facultative ponds generated lower numbers of both Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes, whereas the last ponds in the series, the maturation ponds, were the least productive for both mosquito genera. An. subpictus and Anopheles stephensi (Liston) were the dominant Anopheles species in wastewaterirrigated sites, with Anopheles culicifacies (Giles) recorded in low numbers. This was also the pattern in nearby sites, irrigated with river water. Among the Culex species, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was by far the most frequently recorded in both wastewater- and river water-irrigated sites with Cx. quinquefasciatus as the second most abundant species but restricted to wastewater-irrigated areas. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence of An. subpictus and Culex mosquitoes was signiÞcantly associated with emergent grass vegetation and low salinity. Regular removal of emergent grass along the margins of the anaerobic ponds and changes in the concrete design of the ponds are likely to reduce the mosquito production, especially of Culex species.
5 Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Drechsel, Pay. 2013. Wastewater management and sustainable development: looking at the potential for up-scaling and investment [Abstract only]. In India. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute. Indo-Mexican Workshop on Sustainable Water and Wastewater Management, Nagpur, India, 25-26 July 2013. Book of abstracts. Nagpur, Maharashtra, India: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute. pp.15-16.
Wastewater management ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Sustainable development ; Investment ; Population growth ; Urbanization ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046213)
(1.01 MB)
6 Cofie, Olufunke; Van Rooijen, D.; Nikiema, Josiane. 2014. Challenges and opportunities for recycling excreta for peri-urban agriculture in urbanising countries. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.301-310. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Suburban agriculture ; Urban agriculture ; Urban areas ; Sanitation ; Health hazards ; Excreta ; Faecal coliforms ; Waste treatment ; Urine ; Recycling ; Organic fertilizers ; Composting ; Food production ; Environmental health / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046582)
(0.36 MB)
As urbanisation increases, so does the challenge of meeting water, sanitation and food requirements in urban areas. In particular, the management of human excreta from on-site sanitation facilities remains a challenge and continues to endanger public health and degrades the environment through soil and water pollution. Yet much of the excreta consist of organic matter and nutrients that are valuable inputs for agriculture. Recycling in agriculture has often neglected the recovery of nutrients and organic matter in faecal sludge collected from on-site sanitation facilities in developing countries. Exploring the high proportion of resources in excreta can provide a win–win strategy by reducing the environmental pollution, enhancing soil fertility and therefore improving livelihoods. Challenges to maximising these benefits include: type of sanitation facility used in developing countries, nature of faecal materials, prevailing treatment technologies which are usually designed for waste disposal not for reuse, institutional and market factors as well as negative perceptions regarding excreta use in agriculture. Nevertheless, urban and peri-urban agriculture presents a good opportunity for nutrient recycling, provided that technological and socio-economic strategies for optimum recovery are taken into account. The paper concludes with a description of successful recycling options that can contribute to improving farm productivity, using evidence from Ghana.
7 Keraita, B.; Silverman, A.; Amoah, Philip; Asem-Hiablie, S. 2014. Quality of irrigation water used for urban vegetable production. In Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, B. (Eds.) Irrigated urban vegetable production in Ghana: characteristics, benefits and risk mitigation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.62-73.
Irrigation water ; Water use ; Water quality ; Waste treatment ; Faecal coliforms ; Urban agriculture ; Vegetable growing ; Farmers ; Sanitation ; Helminths ; Contamination ; Heavy metals / Ghana / Kumasi / Accra / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046603)
(628 KB)
This chapter presents findings from studies conducted in Accra, Kumasi and Tamale aimed at assessing the quality of irrigation water used by farmers in and around the cities. Samples for laboratory analysis were taken from sources of water used for irrigation. Microbiological, chemical and other emerging contaminants are presented.
8 Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.) 2014. The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 489p. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Water security ; Food security ; Food production ; Food supply ; Energy conservation ; Agriculture ; Periurban areas ; Urban areas ; Urbanization ; Rural areas ; Hydrological cycle ; Models ; Sustainable development ; Social aspects ; Water footprint ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water demand ; Water availability ; Catchment areas ; Solar energy ; Carbon cycle ; Sanitation ; Health hazards ; Malnutrition ; Milk production ; Decentralization ; Wastewater management ; Wastewater treatment ; Excreta ; Waste treatment ; Nutrients ; Horticulture ; Labour mobility ; Climate change ; Knowledge management ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission reduction ; Land use ; Biodiversity ; Case studies / India / Australia / Ghana / Iran / West Africa / Ethiopia / Uganda / Africa South of Sahara / Senegal / Bangladesh / Melbourne / Tamale / Shiraz / Sydney / Addis Ababa / Accra / Hyderabad / Kampala / Dakar / Dhaka / Udaipur / Bharatpur / Tigray Region / Rajasthan / Rajsamand District / South Creek Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI, e-copy SF Record No: H046685)
(10.11 MB)
9 Drechsel, Pay. 2014. Who feeds the cities?: a comparison of urban, peri-urban and rural food flows in Ghana. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.257-267. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Suburban agriculture ; Urban agriculture ; Rural areas ; Food supply ; Nutrients ; Waste treatment ; Composts ; Faeces ; Sewage sludge ; Urban areas ; Environmental effects / Ghana / Accra / Kumasi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046690)
(2.81 MB)
The present study quantified for the two major cities of Ghana, Accra and Kumasi, the contribution of peri-urban agriculture, rural agriculture and urban agriculture to urban food supply, and analysed how much of the nutrients needed in peri-urban areas could be recovered from urban waste recycling. While the majority of calorie rich food derives from rural areas, urban and peri-urban farms cover significant shares of certain, usually more perishable but vitamin rich commodities. With every harvest, the soils in the production areas export parts of their nutrients or soil fertility. Thus the “urban nutrient footprint” is significant and calls for options to close the rural-urban nutrient loop. Currently, between 70 and 80 % of the nitrogen and phosphorous consumed in Kumasi pollutes the urban environment, especially ground and surface water. Based on the available waste transport capacity in Kumasi, the entire nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) demand of urban farming could be covered, and 18 % of the N and 25 % of the P needs of peri-urban agriculture in a 40 km radius around Kumasi, if the already collected organic municipal waste and fecal sludge would be co-composted.
10 Danso, George; Drechsel, Pay. 2014. Nutrient recycling from organic wastes through viable business models in peri-urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.311-323. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Periurban areas ; Organic wastes ; Nutrients ; Recycling ; Waste treatment ; Composts ; Food security ; Water security ; Decision making ; Economic analysis / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046691)
(3.97 MB)
A major challenge of urbanisation, for relevant decision makers, is the provision of sufficient food and water for the emerging mega-cities and appropriate peri-urban sanitation management. This paper focuses on the results of a project carried out by International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in three major cities in Ghana. The project was designed to provide decision support for nutrient recycling from organic waste in peri-urban areas, through waste composting or co-composting with nightsoil. Experiences of existing compost stations from Nigeria, Benin, Mali, Burkina Faso and Togo were taken into consideration to formulate the research framework. Apart from the technical aspect, the study looked at actual waste supply and its quality, a quantification of the compost demand as well as economic viability of different scenarios and legal implications. The analysis showed that from the city perspective cost savings are only possible if large volumes of waste can be composted to reduce waste transport costs while compost sale (and agricultural use) is not a necessity from the perspective of cost savings. In fact, despite much interest the farmers’ willingness to pay remained limited at the reservation price of US$5 per 50 kg bag. As this includes transport costs peri-urban areas will be those benefiting most from composting projects. Closing the rural-urban nutrient cycle appears unrealistic given the increasing transport distance; at least as long as smallholder farmers are targeted. However, the consideration of alternative customer segments and implementation of innovative business models could help in reaching different scales.
11 Nikiema, Josiane; Cofie, Olufunke; Impraim, Robert. 2014. Technological options for safe resource recovery from fecal sludge. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 47p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 02) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.228]
Faecal coliforms ; Sewage sludge ; Waste treatment ; Excreta ; Resource management ; Recycling ; Organic wastes ; Soil fertility ; Water quality ; Gravity flow ; Filtration ; Composting ; Dewatering ; Nutrients ; Sanitation ; Wetlands ; Case studies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046695)
(4 MB)
12 Unnisa, S. A.; Rav, S. B. (Eds.) 2013. Sustainable solid waste management. Oakville, ON, Canada: Apple Academic Press. 163p.
Solid wastes ; Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Sustainability ; Waste treatment ; Urban development ; Social behaviour ; Techniques ; Recycling ; Models ; Vermicomposting ; Assessment ; Case studies / Mexico / India / Nigeria / Eluru / Anambra State / Kamareddy
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.7282 G000 UNN Record No: H046748)
(0.28 MB)
13 Dankelman, I. (Ed.) 2010. Gender and climate change: an introduction. London, UK: Earthscan. 284p.
Gender ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Women's participation ; Women's organizations ; Equity ; Policy ; Case studies ; Environmental effects ; Greenhouse gases ; Waste treatment ; Sustainability ; Energy ; Urban areas ; Semiarid zones ; Food security ; Farmers ; Indigenous peoples ; Poverty / Eastern Europe / Central Asia / Caucasus / USA / India / Philippines / Vietnam / Nigeria / South Africa / Brazil / Colombia / Gulf States of USA / Andhra Pradesh / Delhi / Sorsogon / Limpopo / Niger Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 304.25 G000 DAN Record No: H047037)
(0.36 MB)
14 Dankelman, I. (Ed.) 2010. Gender and climate change: an introduction. London, UK: Earthscan. 284p.
Gender ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Women's participation ; Women's organizations ; Equity ; Policy ; Case studies ; Environmental effects ; Greenhouse gases ; Waste treatment ; Sustainability ; Energy ; Urban areas ; Semiarid zones ; Food security ; Farmers ; Indigenous peoples ; Poverty / Eastern Europe / Central Asia / Caucasus / USA / India / Philippines / Vietnam / Nigeria / South Africa / Brazil / Colombia / Gulf States of USA / Andhra Pradesh / Delhi / Sorsogon / Limpopo / Niger Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 304.25 G000 DAN c2 Record No: H047149)
(0.36 MB)
15 de Zeeuw, H.; Drechsel, Pay. (Eds.) 2015. Cities and agriculture: developing resilient urban food systems. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 431p.
Urbanization ; Urban agriculture ; Food policies ; Food industry ; Food security ; Food production ; Food consumption ; Food supply ; Food chains ; Nutrition ; Feeding habits ; Stakeholders ; Developing countries ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Organic matter ; Liquid wastes ; Solid wastes ; Excreta ; Waste treatment ; Wastewater treatment ; Water quality ; Climate change ; Horticulture ; Irrigation systems ; Aalternative agriculture ; Greenhouses ; Livestock ; Forestry ; Agroforestry ; Aquaculture ; Gender ; Equity ; Economic development ; Financing ; Income ; Flood control ; Health hazards ; Public health ; Environmental effects ; Pollution ; Households ; Urban farmers ; Sustainability
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047224)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Books/PDF/cities_and_agriculture-developing_resilient_urban_food_systems.pdf
http://www.ruaf.org/publications/cities-and-agriculture-developing-resilient-urban-food-systems
http://www.ruaf.org/publications/cities-and-agriculture-developing-resilient-urban-food-systems
(20.6 MB)
16 Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, Bernard; Cofie, Olufunke O.; Nikiema, Josiane. 2015. Productive and safe use of urban organic wastes and wastewater in urban food production systems in low-income counties. In de Zeeuw, H.; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Cities and agriculture: developing resilient urban food systems. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.162-191.
Waste treatment ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Excreta ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Water pollution ; Food production ; Developing countries ; Less favoured areas ; Composting ; Public health ; Farmers
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047225)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Books/PDF/cities_and_agriculture-developing_resilient_urban_food_systems.pdf
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/7.%20Productive%20and%20safe%20use-min.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047225.pdf
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/7.%20Productive%20and%20safe%20use-min.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047225.pdf
(1.98 MB) (50.6 MB)
17 Soda, W.; Noble, Andrew D.; Suzuki, S.; Simmons, R.; Sindhusen, L.; Bhuthorndharaj, S. 2005. The co-composting of waste bentonites from the processing of vegetable oil and its affect on selected soil properties of a light textured sand. In International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Thailand. Land Development Department (LDD); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); FAO. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO RAP); Khon Kaen University. Faculty of Agriculture. Management of tropical sandy soils for sustainable agriculture: a holistic approach for sustainable development of problem soils in the tropics. Proceedings of the First Symposium on Management of Tropical Sandy Soils for Sustainable Ariculture, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 27 November – 2 December 2005. Bangkok, Thailand: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO RAP). pp.204-214.
Composting ; Bentonite ; Plant oils ; Waste treatment ; Bleaching ; Litter for animals ; Rice husks ; Soil properties ; Soil chemicophysical properties ; Acidity ; Porosity ; Pot experimentation / Thailand / Bangkok
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630 G000 INT Record No: H047327)
(0.59 MB) (16.9 MB)
Waste acid bentonite is a byproduct from vegetable oil bleaching that is both acidic (pH <3.0) and water repellent (hydrophobic). These materials are currently disposed in landfills and are an environmental hazard due to the aforementioned properties. A study was undertaken using three different sources of waste oil bentonites collected from processing plants within the Bangkok metropolitan area. These wastes included soybean oil bentonite (SB), palm oil bentonite (PB) and rice bran oil bentonite (RB), each of which was co-composted with rice husk, rice husk ash, and chicken litter in order to eliminate their acid reactivity and hydrophobic nature. The chemical and physical characteristics of acid activated bentonites before and after bleaching and the co-composted materials after addition to a degraded light textured soil were assessed and are reported herein. The organic carbon (OC) content, pH, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the waste oil bentonites increased significantly after the co-composting phase. In addition, the hydrophobic nature of these materials as measured using the Water Drop Penetration Test (WDPT) decreased from 10,800 seconds to 16-80 seconds after composting. Furthermore, when these composted materials were incorporated into a degraded light textured sandy soil positive impacts to soil physical attributes in terms of specific surface area, total porosity and available water content for crop growth were observed. The results from this study demonstrate the positive impact of the waste products when modified through composting on the physical and chemical properties of a light textured sandy soil.
18 Woldetsadik, D.; Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, B.; Marschner, B.; Itanna, F.; Gebrekidan, H. 2016. Effects of biochar and alkaline amendments on cadmium immobilization, selected nutrient and cadmium concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in two contrasting soils. SpringerPlus, 5:1-16. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2019-6]
Alkalinity ; Cadmium ; Immobilization ; Nutrients ; Cadmium ; Leaf vegetables ; Lettuces ; Soil sampling ; pH ; Faecal coliforms ; Nitrates ; Carbon ; Heavy metals ; Waste treatment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047506)
(0.85 MB)
To assess the efficiency of seven treatments including biochars produced from dried faecal matter and manures as stabilizing agents of cadmium (Cd)-spiked soils, lettuce was grown in glasshouse on two contrasting soils. The soils used were moderately fertile silty loam and less fertile sandy loam and the applied treatments were 7 % w/w. The reduction of bioavailable Cd (ammonium nitrate extractable) and its phytoavailability for lettuce were used as assessment criteria in the evaluation of stabilization performance of each treatment. Moreover, the agronomic values of the treatments were also investigated. Ammonium nitrate extraction results indicated that faecal matter biochar, cow manure biochar and lime significantly reduced bioavailable Cd by 84–87, 65–68 and 82–91 %, respectively, as compared to the spiked controls. Unpredictably, coffee husk biochar induced significant increment of Cd in NH4NO3 extracts. The immobilization potential of faecal matter biochar and lime were superior than the other treatments. However, lime and egg shell promoted statistically lower yield and P, K and Zn concentrations response of lettuce plants compared to the biochar treatments. The lowest Cd and highest P tissue concentrations of lettuce plants were induced by faecal matter and cow manure biochar treatments in both soils. Additionally, the greatest Cd phytoavailability reduction for lettuce was induced by poultry litter and cow manure biochars in the silty loam soil. Our results indicate that faecal matter and animal manure biochars have shown great potential to promote Cd immobilization and lettuce growth response in heavily contaminated agricultural fields.
19 Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay; Danso, G.; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Rao, Krishna; Madurangi, Ganesha. 2016. Testing the implementation potential of resource recovery and reuse business models: from baseline surveys to feasibility studies and business plans. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 59p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 10) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2016.206]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Water reuse ; Business management ; Models ; Performance indexes ; Indicators ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Sanitation ; Subsidies ; Public sector ; Private sector ; Developing countries ; Economic analysis ; Investment ; Cost recovery ; Environmental impact assessment ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Feasibility studies ; Decision making ; Socioeconomic environment ; Risk analysis ; Legal aspects ; Institutions ; Marketing policies ; Stakeholders
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047601)
(4 MB)
20 Gianfelici, F.; Lancon, L.; Bucatariu, C.; Dubbeling, M.; Santini, G.; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2016. Composting urban organic waste into agricultural inputs: Balangoda, Sri Lanka. In Dubbeling, M.; Bucatariu, C.; Santini, G.; Vogt, C.; Eisenbeiss, K. City region food systems and food waste management: linking urban and rural areas for sustainable and resilient development. Eschborn, Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. pp.172-182.
Composting ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Urban areas ; Organic fertilizers ; Organic agriculture ; Solid wastes ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Recycling ; Environmental Impact Assessment ; Health hazards ; Stakeholders ; State intervention / Sri Lanka / Balangoda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047773)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/GIZ%252c%20RUAF%252c%20FAO_2016_CityRegionFoodSystems%20%26%20FoodWasteManagement%20LR_1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047773.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047773.pdf
(5.05 MB)
As in other cities of Sri Lanka, solid waste management has been a key problem in and concern for Balangoda Urban Council. Waste accumulations in the city have caused many problems, including unpleasant odours, contamination of water bodies, and contamination of paddy fields, giving rise to epidemic diseases such as Salmonella, typhoid fever, and diarrhoea. A Balangoda compost plant has been set up to process municipal solid waste into compost. The project started in 1999 as a city service to provide a solution to the solid waste problem, but converted into a business in later years. Integrated waste management in Balangoda now consists of a Municipal Solid Waste compost plant, septage treatment plant, plastic pelletiser and an open dump. In addition, as there is increasing awareness of environmental and health risks related to the use of agro-chemical fertilisers, demand for alternative – organic – fertilisers is increasing. As per the majority of the compost plants in the country, the Balangoda plants are located in semi-urban or rural areas, facilitating reuse of waste in agriculture, with farming areas located near the compost plants. The Balangoda system thus operationalises rural-urban linkages through the collection of urban food and organic waste and its recycling, sale, and reuse as compost for rural (and peri-urban) producers.
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