Your search found 21 records
1 Murty, V. V. N.; Azar, A. H.; Sarwar, A.; Sudsaisin, K. 1992. Simulation of tertiary unit efficiencies in large irrigation systems. Agricultural Water Management, 21(1&2):13-22.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H010455)
2 Murty, V. V. N.; Sarwar, A.. 1991. Modeling tertiary unit performance in large irrigation systems. In Ritter, W. F. (Ed.), Irrigation and drainage: Proceedings of the 1991 National Conference sponsored by the Irrigation and Drainage Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Hawaii Section, ASCE, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 22-26, 1991. New York, NY, USA: ASCE. pp.177-183.
Simulation models ; Irrigation systems ; Large-scale systems ; Performance evaluation ; Irrigation scheduling ; Rice ; Paddy fields / Asia
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7 G430 RIT Record No: H019883)
Large irrigation systems constructed in the Asian region, deliver water over a wide area with varied agroclimatic conditions and cropping patterns. In order to evaluate the performance of these systems, they can be considered as a set of tertiary units. In this study, simulation models based on the water balance approach have been developed to evaluate the irrigation schedules and the relative performance of the tertiary units. Considering all the tertiary units in a system, the overall system performance can be evaluated.
3 Sarwar, A.. 2000. A transient model approach to improve on-farm irrigation and drainage in semi-arid zones. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University and Research Center. xv, 147p.
Irrigation management ; Models ; Calibrations ; Arid zones ; Waterlogging ; Salinity control ; Water table ; Water quality ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation scheduling ; Crop production ; Subsurface drainage ; Soil-water-plant relationships ; Plant growth ; Water conservation ; Water distribution ; Water delivery ; Constraints ; Design criteria ; Irrigation practices ; Performance indexes / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.1 G730 SAR Record No: H026729)
Ph.D. Thesis - Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, Netherlands.
4 Sarwar, A.; Eggers, H.; Qureshi, A. S. 2000. Application of geographic information system (GIS) to support conjunctive use modeling. In GWP; Pakistan Water Partnership, Proceedings of Regional Groundwater Management Seminar, October 9-11, 2000, Islamabad. pp.1-8.
Conjunctive use ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Flow ; Simulation models ; GIS ; Calibrations ; Water table ; Water requirements ; Crop production ; Aquifers ; Recharge ; Estimation / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Ravi / Chenab / Rechna Doab
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6.3 G730 GWP, IIMI 631.7.1 G730 SAR Record No: H026912)
5 Sarwar, A.; Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.; Boers, T. M.; van Dam, J. C. 2000. Evaluating drainage design parameters for the Fourth Drainage Project, Pakistan by using SWAP model: Part I - calibration. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 14(4):257-280.
Drainage ; Design ; Evaluation ; Simulation models ; Calibrations ; Evapotranspiration ; Soil water ; Waterlogging ; Soil salinity ; Water table ; Discharges / Pakistan / Punjab Province / Rechna Doab
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER, IWMI 631.7.1 G730 SAR Record No: H027451)
6 Sarwar, A.; Feddes, R. A. 2000. Evaluating drainage design parameters for the Fourth Drainage Project, Pakistan by using SWAP model: Part II - modeling results. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 14(4):281-299.
Drainage ; Design criteria ; Evaluation ; Simulation models ; Crop yield ; Soil salinity ; Plant growth ; Water table ; Economic analysis ; Irrigation scheduling ; Wheat ; Cotton ; Sugarcane ; Soil properties / Pakistan / Punjab Province / Sindh Province
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER, IWMI 631.7.1 G730 SAR Record No: H027452)
7 Sarwar, A.; Eggers, H. 2000. Development of a conjunctive use model, an integrated approach of surface and groundwater modeling using a geographic information system (GIS). In International Association for Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR). Aisa and Pacific Division (APD). Sustainable water resources management: issues and future challenges. Proceedings of the 12th Congress of the Asia and Pacific Division of the International Association for Hydraulic Engineering and Research, Bangkok, Thailand, 13-16 November 2000. Volume IV - Water resources development and management. Bangkok, Thailand: Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). Regional Environmental Management Center (REMC). pp.1173-1186.
Models ; GIS ; Conjunctive use ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Water balance ; Recharge ; Evapotranspiration ; Evaporation ; Pumping ; Tube wells ; Seepage ; Drains ; Percolation ; Flow ; Simulation ; Percolation ; Irrigation water / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 INT Record No: H027715)
8 Sarwar, A.; Eggers, H. 2000. Simulation of groundwater levels: An integrated approach of surface and groundwater modelling using a geographic information system (GIS) In Agroenviron 2000: 2nd International Symposium on New Technologies for Environmental Monitoring and Agro-Applications. Proceedings, 18-20 October 2000, Tekirdag/Turkey. Tekirdag, Turkey: Trakya University. pp.92-100.
Groundwater ; Flow ; Surface water ; Conjunctive use ; Simulation models ; GIS ; Irrigated farming ; Water delivery ; Water balance ; Recharge ; Aquifers / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 630 G000 AGR Record No: H028228)
9 Sarwar, A.; Bastiaanssen, W. G. M. 2001. Long-term effects of irrigation water conservation on crop production and environment in semiarid areas. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 127(6):331-338.
Irrigation effects ; Crop production ; Wheat ; Cotton ; Sugarcane ; Maize ; Water table ; Water conservation ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation canals ; Tube wells ; Surface drainage ; Water quality ; Simulation models ; Evapotranspiration ; Rain ; Soil properties ; Soil salinity ; Arid zones ; Irrigation scheduling ; Water use efficiency ; Planning ; Soil moisture ; Irrigation practices / Pakistan / Punjab / Rechna Doab
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER, IWMI 631.7.1 G730 SAR Record No: H029311)
10 Sarwar, A.; Perry, C. 2002. Increasing water productivity through deficit irrigation: Evidence from the Indus Plains of Pakistan. Irrigation and Drainage, 51(1):87-92.
Water deficit ; Evapotranspiration ; Crop yield ; Productivity ; Irrigation scheduling ; Performance indexes / Pakistan / Indus Plains
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER, IWMI 631.7.2 G730 SAR Record No: H029957)
11 Sarwar, A.; Bill, R. 2002. Regional estimation of evapotranspiration by combining remotely-sensed and ground-based meteorological data. In Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). Second South Asia Water Forum, 14-16 December 2002, Islamabad, Pakistan. Proceedings, vol.1. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). pp.421-437.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G570 PAK Record No: H034164)
12 Sarwar, A.; Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.; Feddes, R. A. 2001. Irrigation water distribution and long-term effects on crop and environment. Agricultural Water Management, 50:125-140.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G000 SAR, PER Record No: H06945)
13 Sarwar, A.; Bill, R. 2005. Evaluating irrigation schedules for cotton using simulation model. Journal of Applied Irrigation Science, 40(2):217-229.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H038260)
14 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Sarwar, A.. 2006. The potential of water harvesting for managing droughts in Pakistan. Journal of Applied Irrigation Science, 41(1):35-46.
Drought ; Water harvesting ; Groundwater ; Wells ; Dams ; Irrigation practices ; Farmers / Pakistan / Balochistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H038651)
15 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Akhtar, Mujeeb; Sarwar, A.. 2003. Effect of electricity pricing policies on groundwater management in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Water Resources, 7(2):1-9.
Groundwater management ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater extraction ; Tube wells ; Pumping ; Energy ; Price policy ; Costs / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G730 QUR Record No: H038786)
16 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Gill, M. A.; Sarwar, A.. 2008. Sustainable groundwater management in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities. Irrigation and Drainage, 59(2):107-116.
Groundwater management ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater development ; Tube wells ; Pumping ; Sustainability ; Water harvesting / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G730 QUR Record No: H041565)
(0.14 MB)
17 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Sarwar, A.. 2009. Managing salinity in the Indus Basin of Pakistan. International Journal of River Basin Management, 7(2):111-117.
River basin management ; Salinity control ; Irrigated farming ; Canals ; Soil salinity ; Sodic soils ; Soil reclamation ; Biological control ; Grasses ; Fodder ; Water table ; Effluents ; Tube wells ; Irrigation programs ; Groundwater recharge ; Water quality ; Drainage / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042213)
(0.76 MB)
Waterlogging and salinity have plagued irrigated agriculture in the Indus Basin for the past 30–40 years. Approximately 6 million ha (35–40% of total irrigated area) experience these twin problems. As a result, the production potential of the Indus Basin has been reduced by 25%. Over the last 40 years, the Government of Pakistan has adopted engineering, reclamation, and biological measures to address these problems. Part of the engineering solution involved large-scale Salinity Control and Reclamation Projects (SCARPs) in all four provinces. The program covered 8 million ha and cost approximately US$2 billion. Two big disposal projects were also initiated to solve the drainage disposal problems. To address the saline soil problem, some of the measures tested include leaching of salts by excess irrigation, use of chemicals (such as gypsum and acids), and addition of organic matter and biological measures (such as salt-tolerant plants, grasses, and shrubs). The success of these initiatives has been limited: 35–40% of irrigated land still suffers from high water tables and moderate to severe salinity. Lack of coordination among federal and provincial governments, research institutes, and national and international organizations; conventional farming and irrigation methods used by farmers; limited attention to reclamation and saline agricultural approaches; and lack of resources are some of the reasons for the low success rate. A more concerted effort that includes a greater focus on saline agriculture, capacity building of farmers, and promotion of local interventions to improve self-reliance is necessary for the management of salinity in the Indus Basin. A sustainable solution would also require coordination among different provinces and strengthening of federal and provincial government agencies.
18 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; McCornick, Peter G.; Sarwar, A.; Sharma, Bharat R. 2010. Challenges and prospects of sustainable groundwater management in the Indus basin, Pakistan. Water Resources Management, 24(8):1551-1569. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9513-3]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042529)
(0.39 MB)
In Pakistan, on-demand availability of groundwater has transformed the concept of low and uncertain crop yields into more assured crop production. Increased crop yields has resulted in food security and improved rural livelihoods. However, this growth has also led to problems of overdraft, falling water tables and degradation of groundwater quality, and yields generally remain well below potential levels. Over the last three decades, Pakistan has tried several direct and indirect management strategies for groundwater management. However the success has been limited. This paper argues that techno-institutional approaches such as introducing water rights, direct or indirect pricing and permit systems are fraught with difficulties in Pakistan due to its high population density and multitude of tiny users. Therefore there is a need to develop frameworks and management tools that are best suited to Pakistani needs. Pakistan should follow both supply and demand management approaches. For demand management, adoption of water conservation technologies, revision of existing cropping patterns and exploration of alternate water resources should be encouraged. For supply management, implementation of the groundwater regulatory frameworks developed by Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authorities (PIDAs) and introduction of institutional reforms to enhance effective coordination between different organizations responsible for the management of groundwater resources should be given priority.
19 Shoukat, M. R.; Shafeeque, Muhammad; Sarwar, A.; Mehmood, K.; Cheema, M. J. M. 2021. Investigating effects of deficit irrigation levels and fertilizer rates on water use efficiency and productivity based on field observations and modeling approaches. International Journal of Hydrology, 5(5):252-263. [doi: https://doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2021.05.00287]
Deficit irrigation ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Water use efficiency ; Water productivity ; Nutrient use efficiency ; Irrigated sites ; Small farms ; Evapotranspiration ; Modelling / Pakistan / Punjab / Faisalabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050906)
(2.40 MB) (2.40 MB)
Investigating the effects of optimized fertilizer and irrigation levels on water use efficiency and productivity of wheat crop at small farms is of great importance for precise and sustainable agriculture in Pakistan’s irrigated areas. However, traditional farmer practices for wheat production are inefficient and unsustainable. This study aimed to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation and nitrophos fertilizer levels on bread wheat grain yield, yield parameters, nutrient use and water use efficiencies in bed planting wheat compared to traditional farmers’ practices in the flat sowing method. The two-year field experiment followed a randomized complete block design of three replications, taking three irrigation treatments according to the requirement of crop estimated by CROPWAT model (100% of ETC), deficit irrigation (80% of ETC), and deficit irrigation 60% of ETC and three nitrophos fertilizer treatments (farmer practice 120 kg N ha-1, optimized 96 kg N ha-1, and 84 kg N ha-1) at different growth stages. Crop ETC was calculated using the FAO CROPWAT 8.0 model from the last ten years (2003-2013) average climate data of the experimental station. The traditional farmer practice treatment was included as a control treatment with a flat sowing method compared with other sown-by-bed planter treatments. All treatments were provided with an equivalent amount of fertilizer at the basal dose. Before the first and second irrigation, top-dressing fertilizer was used in traditional farmers’ treatment at the third leaf and tillering stages. It was applied in optimized treatments before the first, second, and third irrigation at the third leaf, tillering and shooting stages, respectively, under the bed planting method. The deficit level of irrigation (80% of ETc) and optimized fertilizer (96 kg N ha-1) showed the optimum grain yield, nutrient use, and water use efficiencies, with 20% reduced irrigation water and fertilizer levels than traditional farming practice. The results suggest that bread wheat should be irrigated with 80% of ETC and applied 96 kg N ha-1 nitrophos fertilizer at the third leaf, tillering, and shooting stages to achieve higher grain yield and water and nutrient use efficiencies under bed planting.
20 Noor, R.; Inam, A.; Zahra, S. M.; Shoaib, M.; Riaz, R.; Sarwar, A.; Asif, M.; Ahmad, S. 2022. A methodological framework for modeling sustainability visions: a case study of groundwater management in Faizpur Distributary, Pakistan. Agricultural Water Management, 271:107822. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107822]
Groundwater management ; Sustainability ; Modelling ; Distributaries ; Groundwater depletion ; Water supply ; Surface water ; Policies ; Stakeholders ; Participatory approaches ; Developing countries / Pakistan / Punjab / Bari Doab Basin / Faizpur Distributary
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051268)
(11.50 MB)
Over the last two decades, participatory modeling has been advocated as an effective method towards integrated, adaptive, and collaborative water resources management. However, in developing countries, such as Pakistan, its adaptation is limited due to high cost, time, and technical skills of stakeholders. The proposed research aims to develop a stepwise participatory modeling framework with special focus to the problem of groundwater depletion in the Faizpur distributary of Bari Doab basin, Pakistan. Currently, due to absence of a well define groundwater management policy together with low social awareness level, groundwater sustainability is at risk in term of its quality and quantity. For participatory modeling individual causal loop diagrams were developed with potential stakeholders, followed by a merged causal loop diagram to represent a holistic view of the complete system. The final merged diagram helps in understanding different system processes and allows for a more comprehensive qualitative assessment of stakeholder proposed policies. Among other proposed policies (e.g., revise cropping pattern, gray water reuse, and construction of dams) water pricing is found to be the most effective policy. This policy proved to be helpful in improving irrigation efficiency and hence helps in reducing groundwater extraction. The policy may face resistance from upstream farmers due to excessive and cheap availability of irrigation water in their area, but can help in water reallocation and shift traditional methods of farming to more advanced techniques. The results point to social-economic aspects of groundwater management that have not been considered by other modeling studies to date. Moreover, this approach can improve the role of local stakeholder in decision-making processes concerning socio-environmental regulation and climate change mitigation policies.
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