Your search found 4 records
1 Otto, F. E. L.; Zachariah, M.; Saeed, F.; Siddiqi, A.; Kamil, S.; Mushtaq, H.; Arulalan, T.; AchutaRao, K.; Chaithra, S. T.; Barnes, C.; Philip, S.; Kew, S.; Vautard, R.; Koren, G.; Pinto, I.; Wolski, P.; Vahlberg, M.; Singh, R.; Arrighi, J.; van Aalst, M.; Thalheimer, L.; Raju, E.; Li, S.; Yang, W.; Harrington, L. J.; Clarke, B. 2023. Climate change increased extreme monsoon rainfall, flooding highly vulnerable communities in Pakistan. Environmental Research: Climate, 2(2):025001. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/acbfd5]
Climate change ; Monsoon climate ; Rainfall ; Flooding ; Vulnerability ; Communities ; Infrastructure ; Precipitation ; Early warning systems ; Households ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Resilience / Pakistan / Balochistan / Sindh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052368)
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2752-5295/acbfd5/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052368.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052368.pdf
(4.36 MB) (4.36 MB)
As a direct consequence of extreme monsoon rainfall throughout the summer 2022 season Pakistan experienced the worst flooding in its history. We employ a probabilistic event attribution methodology as well as a detailed assessment of the dynamics to understand the role of climate change in this event. Many of the available state-of-the-art climate models struggle to simulate these rainfall characteristics. Those that pass our evaluation test generally show a much smaller change in likelihood and intensity of extreme rainfall than the trend we found in the observations. This discrepancy suggests that long-term variability, or processes that our evaluation may not capture, can play an important role, rendering it infeasible to quantify the overall role of human-induced climate change. However, the majority of models and observations we have analysed show that intense rainfall has become heavier as Pakistan has warmed. Some of these models suggest climate change could have increased the rainfall intensity up to 50%. The devastating impacts were also driven by the proximity of human settlements, infrastructure (homes, buildings, bridges), and agricultural land to flood plains, inadequate infrastructure, limited ex-ante risk reduction capacity, an outdated river management system, underlying vulnerabilities driven by high poverty rates and socioeconomic factors (e.g. gender, age, income, and education), and ongoing political and economic instability. Both current conditions and the potential further increase in extreme peaks in rainfall over Pakistan in light of anthropogenic climate change, highlight the urgent need to reduce vulnerability to extreme weather in Pakistan.
2 Arheimer, B.; Cudennec, C.; Castellarin, A.; Grimaldi, S.; Heal, K. V.; Lupton, C.; Sarkar, A.; Tian, F.; Onema, J.-M. K.; Archfield, S.; Blöschl, G.; Chaffe, P. L. B.; Croke, B. F. W.; Dembélé, Moctar; Leong, C.; Mijic, A.; Mosquera, G. M.; Nlend, B.; Olusola, A. O.; Polo, M. J.; Sandells, M.; Sheffield, J.; van Hateren, T. C.; Shafiei, M.; Adla, S.; Agarwal, A.; Aguilar, C.; Andersson, J. C. M.; Andraos, C.; Andreu, A.; Avanzi, F.; Bart, R. R.; Bartosova, A.; Batelaan, O.; Bennett, J. C.; Bertola, M.; Bezak, N.; Boekee, J.; Bogaard, T.; Booij, M. J.; Brigode, P.; Buytaert, W.; Bziava, K.; Castelli, G.; Castro, C. V.; Ceperley, N. C.; Chidepudi, S. K. R.; Chiew, F. H. S.; Chun, K. P.; Dagnew, A. G.; Dekongmen, B. W.; del Jesus, M.; Dezetter, A.; do Nascimento Batista, J. A.; Doble, R. C.; Dogulu, N.; Eekhout, J. P. C.; Elçi, A.; Elenius, M.; Finger, D. C.; Fiori, A.; Fischer, S.; Förster, K.; Ganora, D.; Ellouze, E. G.; Ghoreishi, M.; Harvey, N.; Hrachowitz, M.; Jampani, Mahesh; Jaramillo, F.; Jongen, H. J.; Kareem, K. Y.; Khan, U. T.; Khatami, S.; Kingston, D. G.; Koren, G.; Krause, S.; Kreibich, H.; Lerat, J.; Liu, J.; de Brito, M. M.; Mahé, G.; Makurira, H.; Mazzoglio, P.; Merheb, M.; Mishra, A.; Mohammad, H.; Montanari, A.; Mujere, N.; Nabavi, E.; Nkwasa, A.; Alegria, M. E. O.; Orieschnig, C.; Ovcharuk, V.; Palmate, S. S.; Pande, S.; Pandey, S.; Papacharalampous, G.; Pechlivanidis, I.; Penny, G.; Pimentel, R.; Post, D. A.; Prieto, C.; Razavi, S.; Salazar-Galán, S.; Namboothiri, A. S.; Santos, P. P.; Savenije, H.; Shanono, N. J.; Sharma, A.; Sivapalan, M.; Smagulov, Z.; Szolgay, J.; Teng, J.; Teuling, A. J.; Teutschbein, C.; Tyralis, H.; van Griensven, A.; van Schalkwyk, A. J.; van Tiel, M.; Viglione, A.; Volpi, E.; Wagener, T.; Wang-Erlandsson, L.; Wens, M.; Xia, J. 2024. The IAHS science for solutions decade, with Hydrology Engaging Local People IN one Global world (HELPING). Hydrological Sciences Journal, 69(11):1417-1435. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2024.2355202]
Hydrology ; Water scarcity ; Transdisciplinary research ; Local knowledge ; Water security ; Prediction ; Anthropocene ; Stakeholders ; Sustainable Development Goals
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052865)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02626667.2024.2355202?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052865.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052865.pdf
(9.16 MB) (9.16 MB)
The new scientific decade (2023-2032) of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) aims at searching for sustainable solutions to undesired water conditions - may it be too little, too much or too polluted. Many of the current issues originate from global change, while solutions to problems must embrace local understanding and context. The decade will explore the current water crises by searching for actionable knowledge within three themes: global and local interactions, sustainable solutions and innovative cross-cutting methods. We capitalise on previous IAHS Scientific Decades shaping a trilogy; from Hydrological Predictions (PUB) to Change and Interdisciplinarity (Panta Rhei) to Solutions (HELPING). The vision is to solve fundamental water-related environmental and societal problems by engaging with other disciplines and local stakeholders. The decade endorses mutual learning and co-creation to progress towards UN sustainable development goals. Hence, HELPING is a vehicle for putting science in action, driven by scientists working on local hydrology in coordination with local, regional, and global processes.
3 Bertola, M.; Mazzoglio, P.; Gelebo, A. H.; Shobha, A. R.; Jampani, Mahesh; Singh, S.; Prieto, C.; Panda, S.; Zaifoglu, H.; Bhowmik, A.; Guesri, M.; Dietrich, S.; Tegegn, Z.; Viglione, A.; Bonaccorso, B.; Claps, P.; Manfreda, S.; Koren, G.; Moulds, S.; Ganapathy, A.; Pizarro, A.; Lešcešen, I.; Jorquera, J.; Morbidelli, R.; Nearing, G.; Treppiedi, D.; Alexander, S.; Gilite, K.; Dallan, E.; Otieno, W.; Houteta, D. K.; Filipova, V.; Rosselló-Geli, J.; Koriche, S.; Faerber, C.; Vidal, J.-P.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Vincent, K.; Aslam, H.; Musau, J.; Domeneghetti, A.; Rahmad, R.; Moccia, B.; Badji, A.; Ceola, S.; Jean-Emmanuel, P.; Roy, T.; Nandikanti, S. S. S.; Zhang, Q.; Chaffe, P.; Mendiondo, E. M.; Cudennec, C.; Fan, X.; Gargouri, E.; Izzeddine, M.; Korichi, A.; Abdessamed, D.; Merheb, M.; Lamia, R.; Slimane, B.; De Smeth, K.; Goody, N.; Newcomer, M.; Slama, F.; Abdeldjabbar, B. S.; Whitaker, A.; Surendran, U.; Chauhan, G.; Montanari, A.; Chen, A.; Tan, X.; Li, Y.; Wu, S.; Yang, Y.; Yao, J.; Payne, T. 2024. REHYDRATE - an international HELPING working group to REtrieve historical HYDRologic dATa and Estimates [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14-19 April 2024. 2p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-5911]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H053351)
(289 KB)
Historical hydrological observations are often stored in printed documents and volumes of archives worldwide. This makes them practically inaccessible and unusable for modern hydrological studies as well as puts them at risk of permanent loss due to the deterioration of their medium. In addition to the intrinsic value of rescuing past observations, having access to historical data is essential for understanding better the complexity and changes in the hydrological cycle and its extremes.
Several data rescue initiatives exist, but the efforts are highly fragmented in space and time. Current tools for data digitization include optical character recognition (OCR) software and manual transcription. The latter is often carried out through participatory citizen science projects. The use of OCR software is cheap and fast, but it still requires a considerable amount of manual work due to the diversity of the documents, and its accuracy is, to date, not always acceptable. Manual transcription is more accurate, but extremely resource-intensive. For these reasons, there is a general need for better and less costly methods for hydrological data rescue. New tools are becoming available, and new technologies are developing rapidly.
In response to these challenges, the REHYDRATE Working Group has been proposed as part of the IAHS HELPING Science for Water Solutions decade in summer 2023 (https://iahs.info/uploads/HELPING/WG%20Proposal%20REHYDRATE.pdf). The Working Group aims to connect scientists engaged in data rescue, fostering a collaborative community to exchange knowledge, experiences, and best practices in hydrological data rescue and digitization. The ultimate objective is to promote and facilitate hydrologic data digitization initiatives and to ensure their accessibility through open-access repositories.
Approximately 80 scientists from diverse geographical regions have joined the Working Group at the time of writing this abstract. Initial meetings were organized in late 2023, and the group is currently working towards its first short-term objective: conducting a comprehensive state-of-theart assessment of methods, initiatives, and articles related to the digitization of historical hydrological data.
Several data rescue initiatives exist, but the efforts are highly fragmented in space and time. Current tools for data digitization include optical character recognition (OCR) software and manual transcription. The latter is often carried out through participatory citizen science projects. The use of OCR software is cheap and fast, but it still requires a considerable amount of manual work due to the diversity of the documents, and its accuracy is, to date, not always acceptable. Manual transcription is more accurate, but extremely resource-intensive. For these reasons, there is a general need for better and less costly methods for hydrological data rescue. New tools are becoming available, and new technologies are developing rapidly.
In response to these challenges, the REHYDRATE Working Group has been proposed as part of the IAHS HELPING Science for Water Solutions decade in summer 2023 (https://iahs.info/uploads/HELPING/WG%20Proposal%20REHYDRATE.pdf). The Working Group aims to connect scientists engaged in data rescue, fostering a collaborative community to exchange knowledge, experiences, and best practices in hydrological data rescue and digitization. The ultimate objective is to promote and facilitate hydrologic data digitization initiatives and to ensure their accessibility through open-access repositories.
Approximately 80 scientists from diverse geographical regions have joined the Working Group at the time of writing this abstract. Initial meetings were organized in late 2023, and the group is currently working towards its first short-term objective: conducting a comprehensive state-of-theart assessment of methods, initiatives, and articles related to the digitization of historical hydrological data.
4 Huang, J.; Sehgal, V.; Alvarez, L. V.; Brocca, L.; Cai, S.; Cheng, R.; Cheng, X.; Du, J.; El Masri, B.; Endsley, K. A.; Fang, Y.; Hu, J.; Jampani, Mahesh; Kibria, Md. G.; Koren, G.; Li, L.; Liu, L.; Mao, J.; Moreno, H. A.; Rigden, A.; Shi, M.; Shi, X.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Fisher, J. B. 2025. Remotely sensed high-resolution soil moisture and evapotranspiration: bridging the gap between science and society. Water Resources Research, 61(5):e2024WR037929. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR037929]
Remote sensing ; Soil water content ; Evapotranspiration ; Modelling ; Algorithms ; Decision making ; Drought ; Forecasting
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H053823)
(5.89 MB)
This paper reviews the current state of high-resolution remotely sensed soil moisture (SM) and evapotranspiration (ET) products and modeling, and the coupling relationship between SM and ET. SM downscaling approaches for satellite passive microwave products leverage advances in artificial intelligence and high-resolution remote sensing using visible, near-infrared, thermal-infrared, and synthetic aperture radar sensors. Remotely sensed ET continues to advance in spatiotemporal resolutions from MODIS to ECOSTRESS to Hydrosat and beyond. These advances enable a new understanding of bio-geo-physical controls and coupled feedback mechanisms between SM and ET reflecting the land cover and land use at field scale (3–30 m, daily). Still, the state-of-the-science products have their challenges and limitations, which we detail across data, retrieval algorithms, and applications. We describe the roles of these data in advancing 10 application areas: drought assessment, food security, precision agriculture, soil salinization, wildfire modeling, dust monitoring, flood forecasting, urban water, energy, and ecosystem management, ecohydrology, and biodiversity conservation. We discuss that future scientific advancement should focus on developing open-access, high- resolution (3–30 m), sub-daily SM and ET products, enabling the evaluation of hydrological processes at finer scales and revolutionizing the societal applications in data-limited regions of the world, especially the Global South for socio-economic development.
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