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1 Vanham, D.; Hoekstra, A. Y.; Wada, Y.; Bouraoui, F.; de Roo, A.; Mekonnen, M. M.; van de Bund, W. J.; Batelaan, O.; Pavelic, Paul; Bastiaanssen, W. G. M.; Kummu, M.; Rockstrom, J.; Liu, J.; Bisselink, B.; Ronco, P.; Pistocchi, A.; Bidoglio, G. 2018. Physical water scarcity metrics for monitoring progress towards SDG target 6.4: An evaluation of indicator 6.4.2 “Level of water stress” Science of the Total Environment, 613&614:218-232. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.056]

Water scarcity ; Water stress ; Water use efficiency ; Water availability ; Water quality ; Sustainable development ; Economic activities ; Evaluation ; Monitoring ; Indicators ; Environmental flows ; Surface water ; Reservoirs ; Groundwater extraction

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048267)

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0048969717323963/1-s2.0-S0048969717323963-main.pdf?_tid=3378446e-9d11-11e7-b615-00000aacb35d&acdnat=1505808466_dde7280ef636e5416ef242c37fd997c5
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048267.pdf

(1.92 MB)

Target 6.4 of the recently adopted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) deals with the reduction of water scarcity. To monitor progress towards this target, two indicators are used: Indicator 6.4.1 measuring water use efficiency and 6.4.2 measuring the level of water stress (WS). This paper aims to identify whether the currently proposed indicator 6.4.2 considers the different elements that need to be accounted for in a WS indicator. WS indicators compare water use with water availability. We identify seven essential elements: 1) both gross and net water abstraction (or withdrawal) provide important information to understand WS; 2) WS indicators need to incorporate environmental flow requirements (EFR); 3) temporal and 4) spatial disaggregation is required in a WS assessment; 5) both renewable surface water and groundwater resources, including their interaction, need to be accounted for as renewable water availability; 6) alternative available water resources need to be accounted for as well, like fossil groundwater and desalinated water; 7) WS indicators need to account for water storage in reservoirs, water recycling and managed aquifer recharge. Indicator 6.4.2 considers many of these elements, but there is need for improvement. It is recommended that WS is measured based on net abstraction as well, in addition to currently only measuring WS based on gross abstraction. It does incorporate EFR. Temporal and spatial disaggregation is indeed defined as a goal in more advanced monitoring levels, in which it is also called for a differentiation between surface and groundwater resources. However, regarding element 6 and 7 there are some shortcomings for which we provide recommendations. In addition, indicator 6.4.2 is only one indicator, which monitors blue WS, but does not give information on green or green-blue water scarcity or on water quality. Within the SDG indicator framework, some of these topics are covered with other indicators.

2 Arheimer, B.; Cudennec, C.; Castellarin, A.; Grimaldi, S.; Heal, K. V.; Lupton, C.; Sarkar, A.; Tian, F.; Onema, J.-M. K.; Archfield, S.; Blöschl, G.; Chaffe, P. L. B.; Croke, B. F. W.; Dembélé, Moctar; Leong, C.; Mijic, A.; Mosquera, G. M.; Nlend, B.; Olusola, A. O.; Polo, M. J.; Sandells, M.; Sheffield, J.; van Hateren, T. C.; Shafiei, M.; Adla, S.; Agarwal, A.; Aguilar, C.; Andersson, J. C. M.; Andraos, C.; Andreu, A.; Avanzi, F.; Bart, R. R.; Bartosova, A.; Batelaan, O.; Bennett, J. C.; Bertola, M.; Bezak, N.; Boekee, J.; Bogaard, T.; Booij, M. J.; Brigode, P.; Buytaert, W.; Bziava, K.; Castelli, G.; Castro, C. V.; Ceperley, N. C.; Chidepudi, S. K. R.; Chiew, F. H. S.; Chun, K. P.; Dagnew, A. G.; Dekongmen, B. W.; del Jesus, M.; Dezetter, A.; do Nascimento Batista, J. A.; Doble, R. C.; Dogulu, N.; Eekhout, J. P. C.; Elçi, A.; Elenius, M.; Finger, D. C.; Fiori, A.; Fischer, S.; Förster, K.; Ganora, D.; Ellouze, E. G.; Ghoreishi, M.; Harvey, N.; Hrachowitz, M.; Jampani, Mahesh; Jaramillo, F.; Jongen, H. J.; Kareem, K. Y.; Khan, U. T.; Khatami, S.; Kingston, D. G.; Koren, G.; Krause, S.; Kreibich, H.; Lerat, J.; Liu, J.; de Brito, M. M.; Mahé, G.; Makurira, H.; Mazzoglio, P.; Merheb, M.; Mishra, A.; Mohammad, H.; Montanari, A.; Mujere, N.; Nabavi, E.; Nkwasa, A.; Alegria, M. E. O.; Orieschnig, C.; Ovcharuk, V.; Palmate, S. S.; Pande, S.; Pandey, S.; Papacharalampous, G.; Pechlivanidis, I.; Penny, G.; Pimentel, R.; Post, D. A.; Prieto, C.; Razavi, S.; Salazar-Galán, S.; Namboothiri, A. S.; Santos, P. P.; Savenije, H.; Shanono, N. J.; Sharma, A.; Sivapalan, M.; Smagulov, Z.; Szolgay, J.; Teng, J.; Teuling, A. J.; Teutschbein, C.; Tyralis, H.; van Griensven, A.; van Schalkwyk, A. J.; van Tiel, M.; Viglione, A.; Volpi, E.; Wagener, T.; Wang-Erlandsson, L.; Wens, M.; Xia, J. 2024. The IAHS science for solutions decade, with Hydrology Engaging Local People IN a Global world (HELPING). Hydrological Sciences Journal, 50p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2024.2355202]

Hydrology ; Water scarcity ; Transdisciplinary research ; Local knowledge ; Water security ; Prediction ; Anthropocene ; Stakeholders ; Sustainable Development Goals

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052865)

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02626667.2024.2355202?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052865.pdf

(4.65 MB) (4.65 MB)

The new scientific decade (2023-2032) of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) aims at searching for sustainable solutions to undesired water conditions - may it be too little, too much or too polluted. Many of the current issues originate from global change, while solutions to problems must embrace local understanding and context. The decade will explore the current water crises by searching for actionable knowledge within three themes: global and local interactions, sustainable solutions and innovative cross-cutting methods. We capitalise on previous IAHS Scientific Decades shaping a trilogy; from Hydrological Predictions (PUB) to Change and Interdisciplinarity (Panta Rhei) to Solutions (HELPING). The vision is to solve fundamental water-related environmental and societal problems by engaging with other disciplines and local stakeholders. The decade endorses mutual learning and co-creation to progress towards UN sustainable development goals. Hence, HELPING is a vehicle for putting science in action, driven by scientists working on local hydrology in coordination with local, regional, and global processes.