Your search found 9 records
1 Hiruy, A. M.; Mohammed, J.; Haileselassie, M. M.; Acharya, K.; Butte, G.; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru; Walsh, C.; Werner, D. 2022. Spatiotemporal variation in urban wastewater pollution impacts on river microbiomes and associated hazards in the Akaki Catchment, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Science of the Total Environment, 826:153912. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153912]
Municipal wastewater ; Water pollution ; River water ; Biological contamination ; Bacteria ; Faecal pollution ; Faecal coliforms ; Water quality standards ; Antimicrobial resistance ; Microbiological risk assessment ; Extended spectrum beta-lactamases ; Real time PCR ; Surface water ; Catchment areas ; Irrigation ; Effluents ; Health hazards / Ethiopia / Addis Ababa / Akaki River / Akaki Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051034)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972201004X/pdfft?md5=e4136acb70d545e2d44e8f9069c0a381&pid=1-s2.0-S004896972201004X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051034.pdf
(2.34 MB) (2.34 MB)
In Addis Ababa and its environs, most urban wastewater is discharged into rivers without treatment. This study related urban wastewater characteristics to the prevalence of faecal, antibiotic resistant, and potentially pathogenic bacteria in rivers of the Akaki catchment across six locations, for the dry and wet season. Spatiotemporal variation in bacterial hazards across the catchment was up to 6 log10 units. Cooccurrence of sewage pollution marker gene HF183 in all river samples testing positive for the Vibrio cholerae marker gene ompW, and high levels of these two genes in untreated wastewater, identified human sewage as the likely source of Vibrio cholerae hazards in the catchment. Levels of the marker genes rodA for E. coli, HF183 for human host associated Bacteroides, ciaB for Arcobacter, and ompW for Vibrio cholerae were all higher in the dry season than in the wet season. Marker gene gyrB for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not detected in the samples. From the sequencing data, notable bacterial genera in the dry season included wastewater pollution indicators Arcobacter and Aeromonas, whereas soil erosion may explain the greater prominence of Legionella, Vicinamibacter, and Sphingomonas during the wet season. Except for the most upstream location, all faecal coliform (FC) counts exceeded WHO standards of 1000 CFU/100 mL for unrestricted irrigation. Concerningly, 0.6–20% of FC had ESBL producing antimicrobial resistance traits. In conclusion, multiple bacterial hazards were of concern for river water users in the Akaki catchment, and elevated in the dry season, when the river water is being used for irrigation of vegetable fields that supply the markets of Addis Ababa. This reflects inadequate treatment and limited dilution of urban wastewater by the natural river flows during periods of low rainfall.
2 Abi Saab, M. T.; Jomaa, I.; El Hage, R.; Skaf, S.; Fahed, S.; Rizk, Z.; Massaad, R.; Romanos, D.; Khairallah, Y.; Azzi, V.; Sleiman, R.; Abi Saad, R.; Hajjar, C.; Sellami, M. H.; Aziz, R.; Sfeir, R.; Nassif, Marie Helene; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier. 2022. Are fresh water and reclaimed water safe for vegetable irrigation? Empirical evidence from Lebanon. Water, 14(9):1437. (Special issue: Section Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Feature Papers) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091437]
Wastewater irrigation ; Water reuse ; Vegetable crops ; Freshwater ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Water pollution ; Water management ; Reclaimed water ; Groundwater ; River water ; Water quality ; Contamination ; Crop yield ; Mineral content ; Bioaccumulation factor ; Physicochemical properties ; Microbiological analysis ; Pathogens ; Heavy metals ; Soil properties ; Irrigation methods / Middle East / North Africa / Lebanon / Bekaa Valley / Litani River / Ablah
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051092)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/9/1437/pdf?version=1651834841
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051092.pdf
(1.41 MB) (1.41 MB)
The use of polluted water to irrigate is an increasing problem in the developing world. Lebanon is a case in point, with heavily polluted irrigation waters, particularly in the Litani River Basin. This study evaluated the potential health risks of irrigating vegetables (radishes, parsley, onions, and lettuce) using three water sources (groundwater, river water, and treated wastewater) and three irrigation methods (drip, sprinkler, and surface) over two growing seasons in 2019 and 2020. Water, crop, and soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, pathogens, and metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Cr, and Zn). In addition, the bioaccumulation factor, estimated dietary intakes, health risk index, and target hazard quotients were calculated to assess the health risk associated with metal contamination. The study showed that, for water with less than 2 log E. coli CFU/100 mL, no pathogens (Escherichia coli, salmonella, parasite eggs) were detected in irrigated vegetables, irrespective of the irrigation method. With over 2 log E. coli CFU/100 mL in the water, 8.33% of the sprinkler-and surface-irrigated vegetables, and 2.78% of the drip-irrigated root crops (radishes and onions), showed some degree of parasitic contamination. E. coli appeared only on root crops when irrigated with water having over 3 log CFU/100 mL. The concentrations of most metals were significantly lower than the safe limits of the FAO/WHO of the Food Standards Programme Codex, except for zinc and chromium. The trends in the bioaccumulation factor and the estimated dietary intakes of metals were in the order of Cu < Cd < Ni < Cr < Zn. The target hazard quotient values for all metals were lower than 1.0. Under trial conditions, the adoption of drip irrigation with water with less than 3 log E. coli CFU/100 mL proved to be safe, even for vegetables consumed raw, except for root crops such as onions and radishes that should not be irrigated with water having over 2 log E. coli CFU/100 mL. Treated wastewater had no adverse effect on vegetable quality compared to vegetables irrigated with other water sources. These results support efforts to update the Lebanese standards for water reuse in agriculture; standards proposed in 2011 by the FAO, and currently being reviewed by the Lebanese Institution of Standards. This research will inform a sustainable water management policy aimed at protecting the Litani River watershed by monitoring water quality.
3 Hasan, Md. M.; Shuvho, Md. B. A.; Chowdhury, M. A.; Alam, A. K. M. M.; Hassan, M.; Hossain, N. 2022. Water criteria evaluation for drinking and irrigation purposes: a case study in one of the largest rivers of Sundarbans World Heritage Region. Water Supply, 22(6):5800-5817. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2022.198]
Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Hydrochemistry ; Surface water ; Water supply ; River water ; Salinity ; Case studies / Bangladesh / Sundarbans / Pasur River / Khulna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051256)
https://iwaponline.com/ws/article-pdf/22/6/5800/1070921/ws022065800.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051256.pdf
(0.64 MB) (654 KB)
Pasur river is one of the largest rivers in the World Heritage Sundarbans mangrove forest region of the southwestern part of Bangladesh. Due to lack of alternative sources, more than 1 million inhabitants living in the Pasur river basin area rely heavily on the river water for domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes without proper and reliable information on the water qualities and contamination types. The study aimed at evaluating the suitability and sustainability for irrigation and consumption practices, and suitable hydrogeochemical techniques and quality of Pasur river water of Sundarbon region of Bangladesh were investigated. Water samples were collected from six locations during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and assessed for suitability for drinking and irrigation application. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated to evaluate the suitability for drinking. WQI indicates that the river water samples during both the seasons are safe for drinking in the good category. Sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were investigated to assess the feasibility for agricultural applications. Most of the indices, such as SAR, Na%, and RSC results recommend that the river water is safe for irrigation. A suggestion is made that MH in river water should be controlled for the use of water in irrigation. United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram and Wilcox diagram analysis also identified that river water as a usable category for irrigation purposes is feasible during both seasons.
4 Parween, S.; Siddique, N. A.; Diganta, M. T. M.; Olbert, A. I.; Uddin, Md G. 2022. Assessment of urban river water quality using modified NSF [National Sanitation Foundation] water quality index model at Siliguri City, West Bengal, India. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 16:100202. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2022.100202]
Water quality ; River water ; Assessment ; Urban areas ; Surface water ; Water pollution ; Monitoring ; Faecal coliforms ; Anthropogenic factors ; Sewage ; Principal component analysis ; Models ; Indicators / India / West Bengal / Siliguri / Mahananda River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051352)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972722000344/pdfft?md5=3c51e5b803523233c330f8b2d9a35318&pid=1-s2.0-S2665972722000344-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051352.pdf
(6.97 MB) (6.97 MB)
Rivers are the source of freshwater for any urban community and hence, monitoring of river water is an obligatory yet challenging task. This study was conducted in a subtropical urban river in India with the view of developing a quantitative approach to assess its water quality (WQ) status. For the purposes of this study, water samples were collected from five locations across the Mahananda River main streams encompassing both urbanised and non-urbanised parts of the Siliguri city during April to June of 2021 and collected samples were analysed for fourteen common WQ indicators: pH, Temperature, Conductivity, TDS, Turbidity, Total Hardness (TH), DO, BOD, COD, NO3-, PO43-, Cl-, Fecal Coliform (FC) and E. coli for assessing water quality. In order to obtain WQ status, the present study utilised the modified national sanitation foundation (NSF) water quality index (WQI) model, whereas the crucial WQ indicators were identified using the principal components analysis (PCA) technique. All WQ indicators were considered to compute the NSF-WQI except water pH and TH. Most WQ indicators were breached the guideline values of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Indian Standards (IS) for surface water. The modified NSF-WQI results revealed that the Mahananda River water quality was “good” to “medium” quality and the water is only suitable for limited purposes under certain conditions. The findings of this study provided evidence that the river WQ is heavily influenced by urban pressures because relatively “good” WQ was found at the sampling location of the outer part of the urban area. The results of this research could be effective in improving the Mahananda River's water quality and maintaining its complex ecosystem in order to ensure sustainable urban growth.
5 Liu, L.; Dobson, B.; Mijic, A. 2023. Optimisation of urban-rural nature-based solutions for integrated catchment water management. Journal of Environmental Management, 329:117045. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117045]
Nature-based solutions ; Water management ; Integrated management ; Water availability ; Water quality ; Wetlands ; Models ; Hydrological cycle ; Floodplains ; Infrastructure ; Wastewater treatment ; Biodiversity ; Stormwater runoff ; Surface water ; Soil water ; River water ; Case studies / United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland / Norfolk / Wensum / Yare / Norwich
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051917)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479722026184/pdfft?md5=61feeff3ee8e040036149f557928f1cf&pid=1-s2.0-S0301479722026184-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051917.pdf
(11.70 MB) (11.7 MB)
Nature-based solutions (NBS) have co-benefits for water availability, water quality, and flood management. However, searching for optimal integrated urban-rural NBS planning to maximise co-benefits at a catchment scale is still limited by fragmented evaluation. This study develops an integrated urban-rural NBS planning optimisation framework based on the CatchWat-SD model, which is developed to simulate a multi-catchment integrated water cycle in the Norfolk region, UK. Three rural (runoff attenuation features, regenerative farming, floodplain) and two urban (urban green space, constructed wastewater wetlands) NBS interventions are integrated into the model at a range of implementation scales. A many-objective optimisation problem with seven water management objectives to account for flow, quality and cost indicators is formulated, and the NSGAII algorithm is adopted to search for optimal NBS portfolios. Results show that rural NBS have more significant impacts across the catchment, which increase with the scale of implementation. Integrated urban-rural NBS planning can improve water availability, water quality, and flood management simultaneously, though trade-offs exist between different objectives. Runoff attenuation features and floodplains provide the greatest benefits for water availability. Regenerative farming is most effective for water quality and flood management, though it decreases water availability by up to 15% because it retains more water in the soil. Phosphorus levels are best reduced by expansion of urban green space to decrease loading on combined sewer systems, though this trades off against water availability, flood, nitrogen and suspended solids. The proposed framework enables spatial prioritisation of NBS, which may ultimately guide multi-stakeholder decision-making, bridging the urban-rural divide in catchment water management.
6 Thomas, M.; Tellman, E.; Osgood, D. E.; DeVries, B.; Islam, A. S.; Steckler, M. S.; Goodman, M.; Billah, M. 2023. A framework to assess remote sensing algorithms for satellite-based flood index insurance. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 16:2589-2604. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3244098]
Satellites ; Remote Sensing ; Frameworks ; Flooding ; Insurance ; Water levels ; Soil moisture ; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer ; Surface water ; River water / Bangladesh / Ganges / Brahmaputra / Meghna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051976)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10042166
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051976.pdf
(13.40 MB) (13.4 MB)
Remotely sensed data have the potential to monitor natural hazards and their consequences on socioeconomic systems. However, in much of the world, inadequate validation data of disaster damage make reliable use of satellite data difficult. We attempt to strengthen the use of satellite data for one application—flood index insurance—which has the potential to manage the largely uninsured losses from floods. Flood index insurance is a particularly challenging application of remote sensing due to floods’ speed, unpredictability, and the significant data validation required. We propose a set of criteria for assessing remote sensing flood index insurance algorithm performance and provide a framework for remote sensing application validation in data-poor environments. Within these criteria, we assess several validation metrics—spatial accuracy compared to high-resolution PlanetScope imagery (F1), temporal consistency as compared to river water levels (Spearman's ), and correlation to government damage data ( R 2 )—that measure index performance. With these criteria, we develop a Sentinel-1 flood inundation time series in Bangladesh at high spatial (10 m) and temporal (~weekly) resolution and compare it to a previous Sentinel-1 algorithm and a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series used in flood index insurance. Results show that the adapted Sentinel-1 algorithm (F1 avg = 0.925, avg = 0.752, R 2 = 0.43) significantly outperforms previous Sentinel-1 and MODIS algorithms on the validation criteria. Beyond Bangladesh, our proposed validation criteria can be used to develop and validate better remote sensing products for index insurance and other flood applications in places with inadequate ground truth damage data.
7 Khan, Z. H.; Islam, Md S.; Akhter, S.; Hasib, Md R.; Sutradhar, A.; Timsina, J.; Krupnik, T. J.; Schulthess, U. 2024. Can crop production intensification through irrigation be sustainable? An ex-ante impact study of the south-central coastal zone of Bangladesh. PLOS Water, 3(2):e0000153. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000153]
Crop production ; Irrigation water ; Coastal zones ; Rice ; Maize ; Wheat ; Grain legumes ; Oilseeds ; Freshwater ; Surface water ; River water ; Water flow ; Salinity ; Farmland ; Ecosystem services ; Water levels ; Dry season ; Models ; Water management / Bangladesh / Tentulia River / Buriswar River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052615)
https://journals.plos.org/water/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pwat.0000153&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052615.pdf
(7.57 MB) (7.57 MB)
In Bangladesh’s south-central coastal zone, there is considerable potential to intensify crop production by growing dry winter season ‘Boro’ rice, maize, wheat, pulses and oilseeds using irrigation from southward flowing and predominantly freshwater rivers. However, the impacts of surface water withdrawal for sustained irrigation and its safe operating space remain unclear. We used field measurements and simulation modeling to investigate the effects of irrigation water withdrawal for Boro rice–the most water-consumptive crop–on river water flow and salinity under different climate change and river flow scenarios. Under the baseline conditions, about 250,000 ha could potentially be irrigated with river water that has salinity levels below 2 dS/m. The impact on river water salinity would be minimal, and only between 0.71 to 1.12% of the cropland would shift from the 0–2 dS/m class to higher salinity levels. Similarly, for the moderate climate change scenario (RCP 4.5) that forecasts a sea level rise of 22 cm in 2050, there would be a minor change in water flow and salinity. Only under the extreme climate change scenario (RCP 8.5), resulting in a sea level rise of 43 cm by 2050 and low flow conditions that are exceeded in 90% of the cases, the 2 dS/m isohaline would move landward by 64 to 105 km in March and April for the Tentulia and Buriswar Rivers. This would expose an additional 36.6% of potentially irrigable cropland to salinity levels of 2 to 4 dS/m. However, Boro rice will already be well established by that time and can tolerate greater levels of salinity. We conclude that there is considerable scope to expand irrigated crop production without negatively exposing the cropland and rivers to detrimental salinization levels while preserving the ecosystem services of the rivers.
8 Haque, A.; Shampa; Akter, M.; Hussain, Md. M.; Rahman, Md. R.; Salehin, M.; Rahman, M. 2024. An integrated risk-based early warning system to increase community resilience against disaster. Progress in Disaster Science, 21:100310. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2023.100310]
Disaster risk reduction ; Flood forecasting ; Communities ; Resilience ; Early warning systems ; Model ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Vulnerability ; Villages ; Indicators ; River water ; Water levels / Bangladesh / Kurigram
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052633)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061723000376/pdfft?md5=40313c2dfaa230bcc2d53032aa35f8bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061723000376-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052633.pdf
(9.74 MB) (9.74 MB)
The need to integrate Early Warning System (EWS) with Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) has long been recognized in several global forums. In the year 2006, the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) proposed an Integrated Risk-based EWS (IR-EWS) by integrating four elements: (1) Monitoring and warning service; (2) Risk knowledge; (3) Dissemination and communication; and (4) Response capability. Nearly after two decades of the UNISDR proposal, our study finds that there are still gaps in making IR-EWS operational. Our study also finds that works on conceptualizing integration of resilience against disaster with EWS as part of DRR (in line with SDG-13) has not yet been started. Against this backdrop, in this study we developed an IR-EWS for flood termed as Dynamic Flood Risk Model (DFRM) which contains: (1) simple risk-based warning numbers which are easily understandable and communicable to the community, with risk considered as a proxy for resilience; and (2) capital-based action plans in relation to community capital to reduce disaster risk and increase community resilience against disaster. The DFRM is applied in two flood-prone districts in Bangladesh and found to be acceptable to the community with reasonable accuracy. The model is the customized version of flood for generic IR-EWS. This study can be considered as the first attempt of the next generation IR-EWS where risk is represented by simple warning numbers and where EWS (as part of DRR) can be applied to increase the resilience.
9 Angello, Z. A.; Mengist, M. A. 2024. Pollution sources apportionment and suitability assessment of Lah River, Ethiopia: conjunctive application of multivariate statistical analysis and water quality index. Water Science and Technology, 89(8):2191-2208. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.103]
Water quality ; Irrigation water ; Assessment ; Statistical methods ; Wet season ; Dry season ; River water ; Surface water ; Runoff ; Sewage ; Pollution / Ethiopia / Lah River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052776)
https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-pdf/89/8/2191/1408513/wst089082191.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052776.pdf
(0.81 MB) (824 KB)
This study aimed to assess spatiotemporal water quality variation and its suitability for irrigation and domestic purposes in Lah River using the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) and the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI). The IWQI analysis result showed that the sodium absorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, potential salinity, Kelly index, magnesium ratio, sodium percentage, and permeability index were found to be 1.07 mEq/L, -0.43 mEq/L, 0.8 mEq/L, 0.78 mEq/L, 43.01%, 42.95%, and 63.46%, respectively. The IWQIs revealed that the water quality of the river was appropriate for agricultural use during the dry season. Furthermore, the calculated WAWQI of the river water ranged from 123.13 to 394.72 during the wet season, indicating the high pollution levels in the Lah River and incompatibility for drinking purposes. On the other hand, the principal component analysis identified two pollution sources during the wet season and three during the dry season. In addition, the positive matrix prioritization model predicted the pollution source's contribution quite well with a signal-to-noise ratio of >2 and a residual error between -3 and 3 for both seasons. This study suggests that water quality of Lah River is degrading periodically necessitating proper pollution management.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from Inmagic WebPublisher PRO