Your search found 7 records
1 Thrysoe, C.; Balstrom, T.; Borup, M.; Lowe, R.; Jamali, B.; Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K. 2021. FloodStroem: a fast dynamic GIS-based urban flood and damage model. Journal of Hydrology, 600:126521. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126521]
Flooding ; Flood damage ; Models ; Climate change ; Urban areas ; Catchment areas ; Water levels ; Risk ; Geographical information systems ; Drainage systems ; Indicators / Australia / Melbourne / Elster Creek Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050427)
(5.74 MB)
Due to climate change and urbanization, urban flood modelling has become an increasingly important tool in assessing flooding and associated damage costs. However, large computational demands of state-of-the art hydrodynamic flood models makes multiple and real-time simulations unfeasible. This study presents a fast-dynamic GIS-based flood model, FloodStroem. FloodStroem generates a surface network of depressions (bluespots) and flow paths, and routes surcharged water from a subsurface drainage model through the network resulting in flood depth maps and associated damage costs. FloodStroem is tested on three sub-catchments in Elster Creek Catchment, Melbourne, Australia and benchmarked against the 2D distributed hydrodynamic model MIKE 21 and two other simplified models, RUFIDAM and CA-ffé. FloodStroem is robust to the number of bluespots included. For the three sub-catchments, FloodStroem can reproduce flooding time, pattern, depth, and damage costs sufficiently, but has a tendency to underestimate flooding upstream and overestimate flooding downstream. Performance is best for the large, steep sub-catchments and largest rainstorms, where FloodStroem performs better than the two other simplified models. The Critical Success Index (CSI) ranges from 23 % for a 5-year storm event in a flat catchment to 65 % for a 100-year return period for a steeper catchment. With respect to simulation time, FloodStroem is five orders of magnitude faster than the 2D hydrodynamic model, and 33 times faster when including the entire model setup time, which has potential for further reduction by optimization of the workflow.
2 Amarnath, Giriraj; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; Taron, Avinandan. 2021. Scaling up Index-based Flood Insurance (IBFI) for agricultural resilience and flood-proofing livelihoods in developing countries. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 68p. (IWMI Research Report 180) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.213]
Flooding ; Resilience ; Agricultural insurance ; Crop insurance ; Livelihoods ; Developing countries ; Scaling ; Disaster risk management ; Risk transfer ; Business models ; Product development ; Marketing ; Public-private partnerships ; Stakeholders ; State intervention ; Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Awareness raising ; Climate change ; Satellite observation ; Rivers ; Rain ; Flood damage ; Crop losses ; Compensation ; Subsidies ; Legal aspects ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects ; Drought ; Case studies / India / Kenya / Rwanda / United Republic of Tanzania / Malawi / Ethiopia / Senegal / Zambia / Thailand / Brazil / Mexico / Mongolia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050608)
(3.14 MB)
This research report presents the first comprehensive framework of business models in terms of developing, marketing and scaling Index-based flood insurance (IBFI). The report evaluated ten case studies on agricultural insurance schemes (macro, meso and micro levels), globally, to develop public-private partnership business models for creating value (product development) and capturing value (product marketing). This report highlights four broad groups of interrelated factors that influence the uptake and scaling of agricultural insurance: (i) behavioral factors that influence farmers’ enthusiasm to invest in insurance; (ii) financial factors that stipulate governments’ willingness to provide financial support; (iii) legal and regulatory factors, which set ground rules for fair business and govern their adherence by stakeholders; and (iv) facilitating factors, including product design and development, business models, research and development, data availability, and awareness creation, which help ensure an efficient supply of insurance services. In summary, the report highlights the need for designing innovative IBFI and its potential benefits for uptake, and efforts for implementing IBFI as a potential risk transfer tool for comprehensive climate risk management among small-scale and marginal farmers.
3 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; Amarnath, Giriraj. 2021. Economics of Index-based Flood Insurance (IBFI): scenario analysis and stakeholder perspectives from South Asia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 34p. (IWMI Working Paper 199) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.228]
Flooding ; Agricultural insurance ; Crop insurance ; Economic analysis ; Stakeholders ; Disaster risk management ; Farmers ; State intervention ; Flood damage ; Crop losses ; Compensation ; Subsidies ; Insurance premiums ; Cost benefit analysis ; Economic viability ; Sustainability ; Villages ; Remote sensing ; Datasets ; Models ; Developing countries ; Case studies / South Asia / India / Bihar / Katihar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050736)
(1.32 MB)
The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) has recently developed an innovative Index-based Flood Insurance (IBFI) product to facilitate the scaling of flood insurance particularly in vulnerable economies, to provide risk cover to poor farmers against crop losses that occur due to floods. While the product developed is technically very sound, the economics of such an intervention is important to ensure the large-scale acceptance and adoption of the product by different stakeholders and for its sustenance in the long term. This paper attempts at conducting an ex ante assessment of the economics of IBFI from the perspectives of the three main stakeholders: farmers, the insurance company and the government. The paper discusses the methodological challenges and data issues encountered in undertaking an economic analysis of such a product. The issues and processes involved have been empirically demonstrated using a theoretical case study based on a synthesis of information drawn from a host of sources and certain assumptions. Field-based data are now being collected and analyzed from the locations where IBFI has recently been piloted by IWMI. This will help in further refining the process of economic evaluation and identifying the experiences of different stakeholders.
4 Peralta, A.; Scott, J. B. 2024. Does the national flood insurance program drive migration to higher risk areas? Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 11(2):287-318. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/726155]
Flooding ; Insurance ; Migration ; Risks ; Environmental policies ; Households ; Population growth ; Flood damage ; Communities ; Natural disasters
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052540)
(2.30 MB)
Despite the large costs of covering flood losses, little is known about whether the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) affects households’ decisions to sort into more flood-prone locations. In this study, we leverage the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s lengthy, plausibly exogenous process of mapping risky communities as a necessary determinant of full entry into the NFIP, thereby granting eligibility to homeowners in these communities for highly subsidized flood insurance. We find that local NFIP availability had an overall positive effect on the population size of communities enrolling into the program and a significantly larger impact on the relatively more flood-prone locations—causing an additional 5% increase in population per one standard deviation increase in historical flood risk. Our findings highlight the potential for publicly subsidized flood insurance to contribute to flood damages by altering incentives to reside in risky areas.
5 Ruangpan, L.; Vojinovic, Z.; Plavsic, J.; Curran, A.; Rosic, N.; Pudar, R.; Savic, D.; Brdjanovic, D. 2024. Economic assessment of nature-based solutions to reduce flood risk and enhance co-benefits. Journal of Environmental Management, 352:119985. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119985]
Nature-based solutions ; Flood damage ; Risk reduction ; Risk management ; Economic aspects ; Economic impact ; Economic value ; Life cycle ; Assessment ; Cost benefit analysis ; Climate change ; Infrastructure ; Carbon sequestration ; Air pollution ; Indicators ; Afforestation ; Reforestation ; Floodplains ; Case studies / Serbia / Tamnava River Basin / Kolubara River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052545)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479723027731/pdfft?md5=2a652bc01f531738272a9a5a458a4f5b&pid=1-s2.0-S0301479723027731-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052545.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052545.pdf
(5.02 MB) (5.02 MB)
Flooding is expected to increase due to climate change, urbanisation, and land use change. To address this issue, Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) are often adopted as innovative and sustainable flood risk management methods. Besides the flood risk reduction benefits, NBSs offer co-benefits for the environment and society. However, these co-benefits are rarely considered in flood risk management due to the inherent complexities of incorporating them into economic assessments. This research addresses this gap by developing a comprehensive methodology that integrates the monetary analysis of co-benefits with flood risk reduction in economic assessments. In doing so, it aspires to provide a more holistic view of the impact of NBS in flood risk management. The assessment employs a framework based on life-cycle cost-benefit analysis, offering a systematic and transparent assessment of both costs and benefits over time supported by key indicators like net present value and benefit cost ratio. The methodology has been applied to the Tamnava basin in Serbia, where significant flooding occurred in 2014 and 2020. The methodology offers valuable insights for practitioners, researchers, and planners seeking to assess the co-benefits of NBS and integrate them into economic assessments. The results show that when considering flood risk reduction alone, all considered measures have higher costs than the benefits derived from avoiding flood damage. However, when incorporating co-benefits, several NBS have a net positive economic impact, including afforestation/reforestation and retention ponds with cost-benefit ratios of 3.5 and 5.6 respectively. This suggests that incorporating co-benefits into economic assessments can significantly increase the overall economic efficiency and viability of NBS.
6 Yamagami, C.; Kawasaki, A. 2024. Reevaluating the benefit of flood risk management for flood-prone livelihoods. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 106:104416. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104416]
Flooding ; Flood damage ; Risk management ; Risk assessment ; Livelihoods ; Cost benefit analysis ; Policies ; Investment ; Socioeconomic development ; Hhousehold income ; Sustainable development ; Climate change ; Developing countries ; Precipitation ; Rainfall ; Runoff ; Land use ; Early warning systems ; Vulnerability
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052772)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242092400178X/pdfft?md5=cadd6cf46d3b6052c51e23f8a6ddc04b&pid=1-s2.0-S221242092400178X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052772.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052772.pdf
(4.44 MB) (4.44 MB)
As flood risk is projected to increase, effective flood risk management (FRM) is crucial not only for mitigating direct flood damage but also for contributing to the long-term improvement of livelihoods and hence the socioeconomic development of flood-prone areas in developing countries. While many studies have assessed avoided damage as the benefit of flood countermeasures, few recognize the impact on improvements in livelihood resulting from risk reduction. We present a novel framework that captures the dynamic relationship between decreasing flood risk perception and improvements in household livelihoods. Using the case of flood-prone Bago, Myanmar, we apply this framework to evaluate 127 flood management strategies under different assumptions of future climate change and socioeconomic features. We show that the benefits of improved livelihoods, when quantified alongside avoided flood losses, have a significant impact enough to change the cost-efficiency rankings of flood management strategies. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating livelihood improvements into FRM decision making to promote the sustainable development in flood-prone areas.
7 Ikegai, M.; Hidaka, K.; Masuda, S. 2024. Short-term panel data analysis of the effect of flood risk communication on individual evacuation decisions. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 106:104433. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104433]
Flood damage ; Risk communication ; Data analysis ; Models / Japan / Tokyo / Koto City / Arakawa River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052827)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242092400195X/pdfft?md5=b6114c1d50cd4bef06f4b4664573fb8a&pid=1-s2.0-S221242092400195X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052827.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052827.pdf
(2.67 MB) (2.67 MB)
People-centered risk communication is important to mitigate the flood damage caused by the recent increase in heavy rainfall events in Japan. Longitudinal studies are particularly important for evaluating the effectiveness of risk communication methods; however, current research is insufficient. To address this gap, we conducted a longitudinal study, specifically through four panel surveys conducted over a short period, to investigate the effects of various risk communication methods such as running an evacuation simulation to learn about flood damage, providing information about the evacuation behavior of others, and distributing hazard maps. The results of a fixed effects analysis of the panel data suggest that the impact of risk communication depends on the initial evacuation attitude. In particular, we find that distributing hazard maps had a negative effect on the evacuation behavior of those who initially responded that they would evacuate. This suggests that residents in non-flood-prone areas may have acquired the correct hazard perception from these hazard maps. However, for those who initially chose not to evacuate, receiving the distributed content had a positive effect on their evacuation behavior 12 h before the typhoon hit. This suggests that those who initially chose not to evacuate may have reconsidered their decision. The findings of this study may help future risk communication by reducing congestion at evacuation sites due to excessive evacuation, while increasing the evacuation rate of those who should evacuate.
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