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1 Aqib, S.; Seraj, M.; Ozdeser, H.; Khalid, Sidra; Raza, M. H.; Ahmad, T. 2024. Assessing adaptive capacity of climate-vulnerable farming communities in flood-prone areas: insights from a household survey in South Punjab, Pakistan. Climate Services, 33:100444. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2023.100444]
Climate change adaptation ; Farmers' attitudes ; Strategies ; Flooding ; Vulnerability ; Communities ; Household surveys / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052555)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405880723001061/pdfft?md5=afdfe8cee8e87131edd325a2524b7f82&pid=1-s2.0-S2405880723001061-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052555.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052555.pdf
(2.30 MB) (2.30 MB)
Climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural systems worldwide. In Pakistan, an agrarian country where the majority of the population relies on agriculture for their livelihoods, the impacts of climate change can be particularly devastating. Understanding the adaptive capacity of farmers is crucial in order to identify effective strategies for coping with the impacts of climate change. This study aimed to assess the adaptive capacity of farmers in Rajanpur and Dera Ghazi Khan, two flood-prone districts of South Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected in October 2022 from 448 farmers through multistage stratified random sampling, and multivariate regression and bivariate probit models were used to analyze the likelihood of farmers adopting certain joint strategies and the impact of socioeconomic factors on their decision-making. Results indicated that concern for climate change and knowledge of market value of crops were significant determinants for farmers adopting joint strategies, while farmers with more experience and alternate sources of income were less likely to do so. Increased irrigation was a top strategy used despite its potential negative environmental impacts. Findings highlight the need for a holistic approach to climate adaptation that considers complex social, economic, and environmental factors and appreciates the complex decision-making process that farmers undergo. Understanding the local context is key to developing effective interventions to support climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods in agricultural communities.
2 Khalid, Sidra; Hafeez, Mohsin; Aqib, S.. 2024. Who is more water insecure? Gendered evidence from urban Pakistan. Frontiers in Water, 6:1423237. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1423237]
Water security ; Gender analysis ; Urban areas ; Water insecurity ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Social groups ; Women ; Employment ; Education ; Climate change ; Water availability ; Logit analysis / Pakistan / Islamabad / Rawalpindi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H053065)
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/water/articles/10.3389/frwa.2024.1423237/pdf?isPublishedV2=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H053065.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H053065.pdf
(1.39 MB) (1.39 MB)
Gender and social dimensions of access to and use of water resources are often overlooked in policy and programming despite their importance in shaping water security. This study examines factors affecting water security in urban Pakistan through a gender lens. We surveyed 560 men and women in two towns in Islamabad and Rawalpindi facing water and sanitation challenges. Through a binary logit model and marginal effects analysis, we analyzed the relationship between water security and multiple variables, including gender, education, age, employment status, payment for water, urban wealth quintile, drinking water source, individual water concern level, water satisfaction, and water quality perception. While more than 50 percent of both genders experience water insecurity, the prevalence of water insecurity is notably higher among women. Men in the surveyed population had higher levels of employment, wealth, and education levels compared to women. The regression analysis across both genders reveals that paying for drinking water negatively and significantly impacts water security, while concern about future water issues, satisfaction with drinking water, and water quality significantly and positively impact water security levels. For women specifically, access to improved drinking water sources, higher education levels, and employment significantly improve their water security level, underscoring the importance of promoting women’s education and economic empowerment. For men, age and wealth levels emerged as significant factors impacting their water security, with older men more vulnerable to water insecurity than younger men and women. These findings underscore the complex interplay of individual, social, and structural dynamics shaping water security experiences, emphasizing the need for gender-responsive and intersectional approaches to water interventions in urban Pakistan and beyond. Equitable water policies and programs necessitate the collection of more disaggregated data. This study marks the first application of the Individual Water Insecurity Experiences (IWISE) Scale used in Pakistan’s urban context, with recommendations for its broader implementation to improve decision-making that can lead to sustainable water solutions across diverse gender and social groups.
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