Your search found 5 records
1 Ahmad, S.; ul Mulk, S.; Muhammad, A.. 2002. Groundwater management in Pakistan. In Pakistan Water Partnership. Papers presented by Pakistani delegation in First South Asia Water Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal, 26-28 February 2002. pp.1-19.
Groundwater management ; Groundwater development ; Aquifers ; Tube wells ; Irrigation water ; Domestic water ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Salinity ; Water quality ; Water pollution / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G730 PAK Record No: H034097)
2 Ahmad, Z.; Asad, E. U.; Muhammad, A.; Ahmad, Waqas; Anwar, Arif. 2013. Development of a low-power smart water meter for discharges in Indus Basin irrigation networks. In Shaikh, F. K.; Chowdhry, B. S.; Ammari, H. M.; Uqaili, M. A.; Shah, A. (Eds.). Wireless sensor networks for developing countries. Revised selected papers of the 1st International Symposium on Wireless Sensor Networks for Developing Countries (WSN4DC) 2013, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 24-26 April 2013. New York, NY, USA: Springer. pp.1-6. (Communications in Computer and Information Science 366)
River basins ; Hydrometry ; Sensors ; Water management ; Irrigation development / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046217)
(2.84 MB)
To improve the sampling frequency of water diversion to distributary canals and to improve equity of distribution and data handling we have developed a smart electronic water meter based on ultrasonic sensors and GPRS modem to frequently record and transmit the water diversion data to a centralized server. The server processes the data to extract useful information for example seasonal cumulative water deliveries and discharge time series. The Wireless Sensor Node (WSN) inspired design is extremely low-power, field deployable and scalable with respect to cost and numbers. This paper, reports the first steps towards practical realization of a smart water grid in the Indus river basin, conceptualized by the authors in previous theoretical studies.
3 Wescoat, J. L. Jr.; Siddiqi, A.; Muhammad, A.. 2018. Socio-hydrology of channel flows in complex river basins: rivers, canals, and distributaries in Punjab, Pakistan. Water Resources Research, 54(1):464-479. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021486]
River basins ; Canals ; Tributaries ; Flow discharge ; Flow measurement ; Hydrology ; Social aspects ; Water supply ; Equity ; Irrigation scheduling ; International agreements ; Treaties / Pakistan / Punjab / Indus River basin / Indo-Gangetic Plains / Jhelum River / Chenab River / Hakra Branch Canal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048589)
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2017WR021486
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048589.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048589.pdf
(4.44 MB) (4.44 MB)
This paper presents a socio-hydrologic analysis of channel flows in Punjab province of the Indus River basin in Pakistan. The Indus has undergone profound transformations, from large-scale canal irrigation in the mid-nineteenth century to partition and development of the international river basin in the mid-twentieth century, systems modeling in the late-twentieth century, and new technologies for discharge measurement and data analytics in the early twenty-first century. We address these processes through a socio-hydrologic framework that couples historical geographic and analytical methods at three levels of flow in the Punjab. The first level assesses Indus River inflows analysis from its origins in 1922 to the present. The second level shows how river inflows translate into 10-daily canal command deliveries that vary widely in their conformity with canal entitlements. The third level of analysis shows how new flow measurement technologies raise questions about the performance of established methods of water scheduling (warabandi) on local distributaries. We show how near real-time measurement sheds light on the efficiency and transparency of surface water management. These local socio-hydrologic changes have implications in turn for the larger scales of canal and river inflow management in complex river basins.
4 Hassan, W.; Manzoor, T.; Muhammad, A.. 2023. Improving equity in demand-driven irrigation systems through a rights-preserving water allocation mechanism. Agricultural Water Management, 287:108443. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108443]
Water allocation ; Irrigation systems ; Equity ; Water rights ; Riparian rights ; Irrigation water ; Surface water ; Farmers ; Water use efficiency ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Willingness to pay ; Soil moisture ; Case studies / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052269)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377423003086/pdfft?md5=76cdce2459bf343c0af770ad1fbd249f&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377423003086-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052269.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052269.pdf
(4.74 MB) (4.74 MB)
Allocation mechanisms for irrigation water distribution are largely categorized into demand and supply based methods. Traditional supply-based mechanisms are built on the notion of equitable distribution, where the water rights of each farmer determine their entitlement of irrigation water. However, many studies show that these mechanisms often result in inefficient utilization and wastage of surface water. On the other-hand, the development of smart, ICT driven technologies have ushered-in the age of demand based delivery, which ensures an optimal utilization of water, based on some selected objective. These allocation schemes, while rapidly being adopted in a multitude of irrigation systems worldwide have been shown to result in inequitable water distribution, and special measures need to be taken to protect vulnerable farmers in the system. In this paper, we present a demand-driven allocation scheme that incorporates an initial entitlement for each farmer to ensure equitable water allocation. The allocation mechanism has two stages: first, initial allocation of surface water based on individual water rights; second, a demand-based distribution coupled with an auction-based pricing mechanism. The initial allocation from the first stage may be adjusted in the second stage if the corresponding farmers do not require water at that point in time. After the mathematical formulation of the allocation scheme, we simulate its implementation for a selected irrigation district in the central Punjab region of Pakistan. Results from exhaustive numerical simulations show that the proposed mechanism improves performance with respect to socio-hydrological metrics such as equity, reliabili‘ty, compliance and consistency. Due to the demand-based reallocation stage of the proposed mechanism, this increase in performance does not come at the cost of degraded utilization of irrigation water as compared to a purely demand-based allocation scheme.
5 Mukhtar, M. A.; Shangguan, D.; Ding, Y.; Anjum, M. N.; Banerjee, A.; Butt, A. Q.; yadav, N.; Li, D.; Yang, Q.; Khan, A. A.; Muhammad, A.; He, B. B. 2024. Integrated flood risk assessment in Hunza-Nagar, Pakistan: unifying big climate data analytics and multi-criteria decision-making with GIS. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 12:1337081. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1337081]
Flooding ; Risk assessment ; Climatic data ; Decision making ; Geographical information systems ; Vulnerability ; Rainfall ; Vegetation ; Land use ; Land cover ; Soil types ; Models ; Remote sensing ; Precipitation / Pakistan / Hunza-Nagar Valley / Hunza River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052634)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1337081/pdf?isPublishedV2=False
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052634.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052634.pdf
(7.01 MB) (7.01 MB)
Floods are a widespread natural disaster with substantial economic implications and far-reaching consequences. In Northern Pakistan, the Hunza-Nagar valley faces vulnerability to floods, posing significant challenges to its sustainable development. This study aimed to evaluate flood risk in the region by employing a GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach and big climate data records. By using a comprehensive flood risk assessment model, a flood hazard map was developed by considering nine influential factors: rainfall, regional temperature variation, distance to the river, elevation, slope, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Topographic wetness index (TWI), land use/land cover (LULC), curvature, and soil type. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) analysis assigned weights to each factor and integrated with geospatial data using a GIS to generate flood risk maps, classifying hazard levels into five categories. The study assigned higher importance to rainfall, distance to the river, elevation, and slope compared to NDVI, TWI, LULC, curvature, and soil type. The weighted overlay flood risk map obtained from the reclassified maps of nine influencing factors identified 6% of the total area as very high, 36% as high, 41% as moderate, 16% as low, and 1% as very low flood risk. The accuracy of the flood risk model was demonstrated through the Receiver Operating Characteristics-Area Under the Curve (ROC-AUC) analysis, yielding a commendable prediction accuracy of 0.773. This MCDA approach offers an efficient and direct means of flood risk modeling, utilizing fundamental GIS data. The model serves as a valuable tool for decision-makers, enhancing flood risk awareness and providing vital insights for disaster management authorities in the Hunza-Nagar Valley. As future developments unfold, this study remains an indispensable resource for disaster preparedness and management in the Hunza-Nagar Valley region.
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