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1 Zam, P.; Shrestha, S.; Budhathoki, A.. 2021. Assessment of climate change impact on hydrology of a transboundary river of Bhutan and India. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 12(7):3224-3239. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2021.338]

Climate change ; Assessment ; Hydrology ; International waters ; River basins ; Runoff ; Rain ; Water balance ; Forecasting ; Hydropower ; Water management ; Models / Bhutan / India / Wangchu River / Raidak River

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050661)

https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/12/7/3224/957727/jwc0123224.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050661.pdf

(0.92 MB) (943 KB)

Assessing the impacts of climate change on a transboundary river plays an important role in sustaining water security within as well as beyond the national boundaries. At times, the unilateral decision taken by one country can increase the risk of negative effect on the riparian countries and if the impact is felt strongly by the other country, it can lead to international tension between them. This study examines the impact of climate change on hydrology between a shared river which is Wangchu river in Bhutan and Raidak river in India. The river is mainly used to produce hydropower in the two largest hydropower plants on which the majority of Bhutan's economic development depends and is mainly used for agriculture in India. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used for future flow simulation. Future climate was projected for near future (NF) from 2025–2050 and far future (FF) from 2074–2099 using an ensemble of three regional climate models (ACCESS, CNRM-CM5 and MPI-ESM-LR) for two RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways), RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenario. The ensemble results indicated that, in future, the study area would become warmer with temperature increase of 1.5 °C under RCP 4.5 and 3.6 °C under RCP 8.5. However, as per RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, rainfall over the study area is projected to decrease by 1.90% and 1.38%, respectively. As a consequence of the projected decrease in rainfall, the flow in the river is projected to decrease by 5.77% under RCP 4.5 and 4.73% under RCP 8.5. Overall, the results indicated that the degree of hydrological change is expected to be higher, particularly for low flows in both Wangchu and Raidak River. Since transboundary water is shared for economic growth, climate change adaptation and opportunities should also be considered by both the nations for better water management.

2 Babel, M. S.; Rahman, M.; Budhathoki, A.; Chapagain, K. 2023. Optimization of economic return from water using water-energy-food nexus approach: a case of Karnafuli Basin, Bangladesh. Energy Nexus, 10:100186. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100186]

Water resources ; Water supply ; Energy consumption ; Food security ; Food production ; Nexus approaches ; Optimization methods ; Water allocation ; Models ; Economic aspects ; Indicators ; Socioeconomic development ; Water reservoirs ; Rainfall ; Surface water ; Water treatment ; Hydropower ; Crop production ; Water demand / Bangladesh / Karnafuli Basin

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052073)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427123000165/pdfft?md5=668f9509518543bbf3ea380e8ec410b8&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427123000165-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052073.pdf

(5.08 MB) (5.08 MB)

This study evaluates the existing situation of the water energy and food resource interaction using an indicator-based approach and optimizes the resource use in the Karnafuli River Basin. A water allocation model based on an optimization tool, LINDO 6.1, with an objective function to maximize the economic return, is developed to allocate water to different water use sectors (domestic, agriculture, energy, industry, and environment) in the basin. It is observed that 14.58 m3 of water is required to generate 1 kWh of energy in Kaptai hydropower plant, while 4500 m3 of water is consumed to produce 1 ton of crops in the basin. Due to improper management, around 12,500 ha of land under the Karnafuli Irrigation Project remains un-irrigated, which can be cultivated with high-yield Boro crop. Results show that by prioritizing the agriculture sector, a maximum economic return of US$ 30.3 million can be obtained; however, with this only 55% of the satisfaction level is achieved for the environment sector. Systematic and integrated management of the resources is required in Karnafuli Basin for socioeconomic and sustainable development.