Your search found 11 records
1 Iqbal, M.. 1993. Water management strategies under shallow watertable conditions. In Government of Pakistan-USAID Irrigation Systems Management Research Project; IIMI, Proceedings: Irrigation Systems Management Research Symposium, Lahore, 11-13 April 1993. Vol.II. -Farm water management. pp.13-25.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.8 G730 IIMI Record No: H012888)
The experiment was conducted at Mona Reclamation Experimental Project, Bhalwal during the Rabi seasons of 1989-90 to 1991-92 on wheat. The soil texture was loam with an average pH of 8.0 and ground water was of good quality. Two sites with watertable depths in the range of 0.5-1.0 m and 1.0-2.0 m from the ground surface, were selected for the experiment. Wheat was sown on 95 cm beds with four rows of crop and level basin as control. In case of bed planting, irrigation was applied when the available soil moisture in the top 30 cm soil in the middle of the bed was exhausted by 50%, 65% and 80%. Irrigation water was allowed to run in the intercepting ditches to a maximum capacity, ensuring that water did not flood the bed surface. One treatment (bed planting and level-basin) received irrigation purely by the farmer's discretion. Wheat planted on beds gave significantly higher yield than the traditional level-basin planting, especially at shallow watertable depth. The advantage of bed planting slightly eclipsed with farmer's irrigation practice but maintained yield dominance over level-basin. Irrigation indexed to 50% depletion of available soil moisture (ASM). Farmer's irrigation practice whether for level-basin or bed had not only higher water application but also lower crop yield. Crop exposure to excessive soil saturation during wet days was more in level-basin and low stressed bed planting, hence the plots receiving less water did not experience much adverse growing conditions and subsequently had a yield edge over treatments receiving higher irrigation delta.
2 Iqbal, M.. 1993. Effect of irrigation and N fertilizer on crop yield, N uptake and soil N status. In IIMI; WAPDA, Irrigation Systems Management Research (ISM/R) Project. Final report: Farm water management. iv, 22p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.8 G730 IIM Record No: H013248)
3 Iqbal, M.. 1993. Effect of N source and timing of application on crop yield and N movement. In IIMI; WAPDA, Irrigation Systems Management Research (ISM/R) Project. Final report: Farm water management. iii, 24p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.8 G730 IIM Record No: H013249)
4 Iqbal, M.. 1993. Water management practices for wheat crop under high watertable conditions. In IIMI; WAPDA, Irrigation Systems Management Research (ISM/R) Project. Final report: Farm water management. iv, 25p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.8 G730 IIM Record No: H013247)
5 Kahlown, M. A.; Iqbal, M.. 1998. Impact of waterlogging on crop yields. In Tariq, A. U. R.; Latif, M. (Comp.), Proceedings of the International Symposium - Water for the 21st century: Demand, supply, development and socio-environmental issues, June 17-19, 1997, Lahore, Pakistan. Volume I - Symposium deliberations. Lahore, Pakistan: University of Engineering and Technology. Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering. pp.93-108.
Waterlogging ; Watercourses ; Water table ; Soil salinity ; Soil fertility ; Crop yield ; Rice ; Cotton ; Sugarcane ; Wheat ; Economic analysis ; Cost benefit analysis / Pakistan / Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7 G730 TAR Record No: H023596)
6 Chaudhry, M. R.; Iqbal, M.; Subhani, K. M. 2000. Use of brakish drainage water effluent for crop production. In Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET); International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute (IWASRI); International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). Proceedings, National Seminar on Drainage in Pakistan, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 16-18 August 2000. [Vol. 1] Lahore, Pakistan: Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); Sindh, Pakistan: Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET); Lahore, Pakistan: International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute (IWASRI); Lahore, Pakistan: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). pp.215-224.
Water quality ; Effluents ; Drainage ; Crop production ; Water requirements ; Irrigation canals ; Irrigation water ; Conjunctive use ; Soil salinity ; Monitoring ; Fertilizers ; Wheat ; Cotton ; Crop yield / Pakistan / Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia South
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.62 G730 IIM Record No: H027134)
7 Chaudhry, M. R.; Bhutta, M. N.; Iqbal, M.; Subhani, K. M. 2002. Groundwater resources: use and impact on soil and crops. In Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). Second South Asia Water Forum, 14-16 December 2002, Islamabad, Pakistan. Proceedings, vol.1. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Water Partnership (PWP). pp.67-81.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G570 PAK Record No: H034127)
8 Kahlown, M. A.; Iqbal, M.; Skogerboe, G. V.; Rehman, S-ur. 1998. Waterlogging, salinity and crop yield relationships. Lahore, Pakistan: WAPDA. Mona Reclamation Experimental Project; Lahore, Pakistan: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). Pakistan National Program. xiii, 99p. (IWMI Pakistan Report R-073 / IIMI Pakistan Report R-073 / MREP Report 233) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.509]
Waterlogging ; Soil salinity ; Irrigated farming ; Fertilizers ; Water table ; Water quality ; Soil degradation ; Irrigation practices ; Economic analysis ; Farm income ; Production costs ; Cost benefit analysis ; Sodic soils ; Cotton ; Wheat ; Sugarcane ; Rice ; Subsurface drainage ; Crop production ; Crop yield / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.5 G730 KAH Record No: H024605)
9 Wilkinson, J. L.; Boxall, A. B. A.; Kolpin, D. W.; Leung, K. M. Y.; Lai, R. W. S.; Galban-Malagon, C.; Adell, A. D.; Mondon, J.; Metian, M.; Marchant, R. A.; Bouzas-Monroy, A.; Cuni-Sanchez, A.; Coors, A.; Carriquiriborde, P.; Rojo, M.; Gordon, C.; Cara, M.; Moermond, M.; Luarte, T.; Petrosyan, V.; Perikhanyan, Y.; Mahon, C. S.; McGurk, C. J.; Hofmann, T.; Kormoker, T.; Iniguez, V.; Guzman-Otazo, J.; Tavares, J. L.; De Figueiredo, F. G.; Razzolini, M. T. P.; Dougnon, V.; Gbaguidi, G.; Traore, O.; Blais, J. M.; Kimpe, L. E.; Wong, M.; Wong, D.; Ntchantcho, R.; Pizarro, J.; Ying, G.-G.; Chen, C.-E.; Paez, M.; Martinez-Lara, J.; Otamonga, J.-P.; Pote, J.; Ifo, S. A.; Wilson, P.; Echeverria-Saenz, S.; Udikovic-Kolic, N.; Milakovic, M.; Fatta-Kassinos, D.; Ioannou-Ttofa, L.; Belusova, V.; Vymazal, J.; Cardenas-Bustamante, M.; Kassa, B. A.; Garric, J.; Chaumot, A.; Gibba, P.; Kunchulia, I.; Seidensticker, S.; Lyberatos, G.; Halldorsson, H. P.; Melling, M.; Shashidhar, T.; Lamba, M.; Nastiti, A.; Supriatin, A.; Pourang, N.; Abedini, A.; Abdullah, O.; Gharbia, S. S.; Pilla, F.; Chefetz, B.; Topaz, T.; Yao, K. M.; Aubakirova, B.; Beisenova, R.; Olaka, L.; Mulu, J. K.; Chatanga, P.; Ntuli, V.; Blama, N. T.; Sherif, S.; Aris, A. Z.; Looi, L. J.; Niang, M.; Traore, S. T.; Oldenkamp, R.; Ogunbanwo, O.; Ashfaq, M.; Iqbal, M.; Abdeen, Z.; O’Dea, A.; Morales-Saldana, J. M.; Custodio, M.; de la Cruz, H.; Navarrete, I.; Carvalho, F.; Gogra, A. B.; Koroma, B. M.; Cerkvenik-Flajs, V.; Gombac, M.; Thwala, M.; Choi, K.; Kang, H.; Ladu, J. L. C.; Rico, A.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Sobek, A.; Horlitz, G.; Zenker, A. K.; King, A. C.; Jiang, J.-J.; Kariuki, R.; Tumbo, M.; Tezel, U.; Onay, T. T.; Lejju, J. B.; Vystavna, Y.; Vergeles, Y.; Heinzen, H.; Perez-Parada, A.; Sims, D. B.; Figy, M.; Good, D.; Teta, C. 2022. Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(8):e2113947119. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119]
Pharmaceutical pollution ; Rivers ; Water pollution ; Contamination ; Aquatic environment ; Antimicrobials ; Environmental health ; Human health ; Environmental monitoring ; Wastewater ; Socioeconomic aspects ; National income ; Datasets
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050958)
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/119/8/e2113947119.full.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050958.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050958.pdf
(6.14 MB) (6.14 MB)
Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world’s rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
10 Ali, Zeshan; Iqbal, M.; Khan, I. U.; Masood, M. U.; Umer, M.; Lodhi, M. U. K.; Tariq, M. A. U. R. 2023. Hydrological response under CMIP6 climate projection in Astore River Basin, Pakistan. Journal of Mountain Science, 20(8):2263-2281. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-022-7872-x]
Climate prediction ; Climate change ; Hydrological modelling ; River basins ; Watersheds ; Stream flow ; Runoff ; Climate models ; Forecasting ; Precipitation ; Temperature / Pakistan / Astore River Basin / Upper Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052158)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11629-022-7872-x.pdf?pdf=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052158.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052158.pdf
(5.27 MB) (5.27 MB)
Climate change strongly influences the available water resources in a watershed due to direct linkage of atmospheric driving forces and changes in watershed hydrological processes. Understanding how these climatic changes affect watershed hydrology is essential for human society and environmental processes. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset of three GCM’s (BCC-CSM2-MR, INM-CM5-0, and MPI-ESM1-2-HR) with resolution of 100 km has been analyzed to examine the projected changes in temperature and precipitation over the Astore catchment during 2020–2070. Bias correction method was used to reduce errors. In this study, statistical significance of trends was performed by using the Man- Kendall test. Sen’s estimator determined the magnitude of the trend on both seasonal and annual scales at Rama Rattu and Astore stations. MPI-ESM1-2-HR showed better results with coefficient of determination (COD) ranging from 0.70–0.74 for precipitation and 0.90–0.92 for maximum and minimum temperature at Astore, Rama, and Rattu followed by INM-CM5-0 and BCC-CSM2-MR. University of British Columbia Watershed model was used to attain the future hydrological series and to analyze the hydrological response of Astore River Basin to climate change. Results revealed that by the end of the 2070s, average annual precipitation is projected to increase up to 26.55% under the SSP1–2.6, 6.91% under SSP2–4.5, and decrease up to 21.62% under the SSP5–8.5. Precipitation also showed considerable variability during summer and winter. The projected temperature showed an increasing trend that may cause melting of glaciers. The projected increase in temperature ranges from - 0.66°C to 0.50°C, 0.9°C to 1.5°C and 1.18°C to 2°C under the scenarios of SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5, respectively. Simulated streamflows presented a slight increase by all scenarios. Maximum streamflow was generated under SSP5–8.5 followed by SSP2–4.5 and SSP1–2.6. The snowmelt and groundwater contributions to streamflow have decreased whereas rainfall and glacier melt components have increased on the other hand. The projected streamflows (2020–2070) compared to the control period (1990–2014) showed a reduction of 3%–11%, 2%–9%, and 1%–7% by SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5, respectively. The results revealed detailed insights into the performance of three GCMs, which can serve as a blueprint for regional policymaking and be expanded upon to establish adaption measures.
11 Ahmad, M. B.; Muavia, A.; Iqbal, M.; Arshed, A. B.; Ahmad, M. M. 2023. Spatio-temporal drought assessment and comparison of drought indices under climatic variations in drought-prone areas of Pakistan. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 14(10):3726-3752. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.602]
Drought ; Assessment ; Monitoring ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Rainfall patterns ; Vegetation ; Satellites ; Water management ; Extreme weather events / Pakistan / Balochistan / Dalbandin / Jiwani / Kalat / Khuzdar / Lasbella / Quetta / Pasni / Sibi / Zhob / Panjgur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052296)
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/doi/10.2166/wcc.2023.602/1313599/jwc0143726.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052296.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052296.pdf
(3.15 MB) (3.15 MB)
Climatic variations cause droughts which badly affect the environment. The study focused on monitoring droughts to aid decision-making and mitigate their negative impacts on water availability for agriculture and livelihoods in the face of increasing water demand and climate change. To assess the agricultural droughts, a new agricultural Standardized Precipitation Index (aSPI) was calculated which is not used earlier in Balochistan. Widely recommended Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were used for meteorological drought assessment. Drought indices comparison was also conducted to check the applicability. Rainfall, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature data (1992 to 2021) were utilized to calculate SPI, aSPI, and SPEI at different timescales (3, 6, 9, and 12 months) using DrinC software and SPEI calculator. Indices results revealed the following severe to extreme drought years: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2016, and 2017. It was determined that Dalbandin, Quetta, Sibi, Kalat, Khuzdar, and Zhob experienced higher extreme drought frequencies. Both long- and short-term drought durations were observed. Indices comparison showed that SPI is the most efficient drought index compared to aSPI and SPEI. This study offers valuable insights for managing water resources in the face of climate-induced droughts.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
