Your search found 16 records
1 Yang, T.; Zhu, Y.; Li, Y.; Zhou, B. 2021. Achieving win-win policy outcomes for water resource management and economic development: the experience of Chinese cities. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27:873-888. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.02.006]
Water resource management ; Economic development ; Water policies ; Cities ; Sustainability ; Urban areas ; Strategies ; Water use ; Wastewater treatment ; Regulations ; Drainage ; Infrastructure ; Water pollution ; Water conservation ; Local government / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050482)
(1.14 MB)
Water resource management may restrict economic development, and a preference for economic development may weaken the effect of water resource management. The Water Eco-Civilization City (WEC) is a significant pilot policy in China, and is designed to achieve both effective water resource management and economic development. This study assessed possible win-win outcomes of this policy by applying a water eco-efficiency (WEE) perspective. First, a slacks-based measure (SBM) was used to calculate WEE. Then, a difference-in-differences (DID) strategy and mediating effect model were applied to examine whether and how the WEC policies improved WEE and achieved desired policy outcomes in cities. The panel dataset used for the study covered 275 prefecture-level cities from 2008 to 2017. The major findings were as follows: (1) The WEC policies achieved win-win outcomes in pilot cities, meaning it achieved both positive water resource management and economic outcomes; specifically, it contributed 48.63% of the total increase in WEE. (2) Three effective WEC policies realized win-win outcomes: upgrading the industrial structure; scaling up drainage infrastructure; and encouraging centralized wastewater treatment. Upgrading the industrial structure was the most effective policy. (3) WEC policy outcomes were heterogeneous under different city conditions. In cities with more abundant water resources, scaling up drainage infrastructures and encouraging centralized wastewater treatment were more effective. In cities with a larger industrial scale, the WEC policies could not achieve win-win outcomes, because it was not possible to upgrade the industrial structure or encourage centralized wastewater treatment. In cities with more intense wastewater regulations, upgrading the industrial structure and encouraging centralized wastewater treatment were more effective. These findings exemplify the policies that achieve win-win outcomes, and highlight the fact that governments should consider water resource abundance, industrial scale, and the current intensity of wastewater regulations before designing new policies.
2 Gimpel, H.; Graf-Drasch, V.; Hawlitschek, F.; Neumeier, K. 2021. Designing smart and sustainable irrigation: a case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 315:128048. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128048]
Irrigation systems ; Sustainability ; Street trees ; Cities ; Water scarcity ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Soil moisture ; Ecosystems ; Monitoring ; Case studies / Germany / Frankfurt
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050486)
(12.40 MB)
Water scarcity is becoming an increasingly important issue – also for cities in the Western world. As key-regulators of cities' micro-climate, urban trees suffer from this scarcity fueled by rising temperatures. With climate change on our doorsteps, cities turn to smart city concepts that harness advanced information technologies' potential to conserve scarce resources. Regarding withering trees, we suggest that a smart city should consider putting smart irrigation systems in place. We use a design science research approach to establish, demonstrate, and evaluate how a smart irrigation system for urban trees can be designed. In doing so, we describe how IoT and data analytics can be leveraged as the backbone of sustainable and smart irrigation. Our design is informed by theory and experts, including city administration representatives, IoT specialists, and botanists. A prototypical instantiation including 18 sensors at eight trees evaluates the design knowledge's viability in Frankfurt am Main (Germany). First insights into collected data in the pilot area indicate promising effects. Projected to the currently 5000 young trees in Frankfurt, we argue that water distribution within one round of irrigation in spring could be reduced by up to 1 million liters.
3 Cremades, R.; Sanchez-Plaza, A.; Hewitt, R. J.; Mitter, H.; Baggio, J. A.; Olazabal, M.; Broekman, A.; Kropf, B.; Tudose, N. C. 2021. Guiding cities under increased droughts: the limits to sustainable urban futures. Ecological Economics, 189:107140. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107140]
Climate Change ; Cities ; Drought ; Sustainability ; Urban planning ; Land use ; Water scarcity ; Energy ; Nexus ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water use ; River basins ; Ecosystems ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Stakeholders ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Policies / Spain / Mediterranean Basin / Benidorm
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050598)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800921001981/pdfft?md5=d2ce988ef4afa6ea4730fec047e11a0c&pid=1-s2.0-S0921800921001981-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050598.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050598.pdf
(1.91 MB) (1.91 MB)
Climate change is likely to increase droughts. The vulnerability of cities to droughts is increasing worldwide. Policy responses from cities to droughts lack consideration of long-term climatic and socio-economic scenarios, and focus on short-term emergency actions that disregard sustainability in the connected regional and river basin systems. We aim to explore the dynamics of the water-energy-land nexus in urban systems suffering increased climate change-related droughts, and their implications for sustainability. We complement a case study with a literature review providing cross-regional insights, and detail pervasive knowledge, policy and ambition gaps in the interaction between cities and droughts. We show that water availability with low emissions, without compromising ecosystems and with low costs to society, poses a local-scale limit to sustainable urban growth, a new concept delineating the limits to growth in cities. We conclude that urban and river basin planners need to institutionalize transparency and cross-sectoral integration in multi-sector partnerships, to consider long-term land use planning together with water and energy, and to apply integrated climate services to cities. Our study reveals the importance of including land, water and energy in long-term urban planning, and to connect them with the county, region, river basin and global scales.
4 Wickenberg, B.; McCormick, K.; Olsson, J. A. 2021. Advancing the implementation of nature-based solutions in cities: a review of frameworks. Environmental Science and Policy, 125:44-53. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.08.016]
Ecosystem services ; Cities ; Frameworks ; Urban planning ; Biodiversity ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Sustainability ; Collaboration ; Innovation ; Infrastructure ; Climate change
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050601)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901121002367/pdfft?md5=4387a376b5dd94ccb63213871e62ae3f&pid=1-s2.0-S1462901121002367-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050601.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050601.pdf
(2.69 MB) (2.69 MB)
Nature-based solutions (NBS) can help tackle climate change and advance urban sustainability by using nature to deliver social, ecological and economic benefits. However, their success largely depend on implementation for which several barriers exist. For NBS to be meaningful in terms of delivering positive impacts in cities, we need better understanding of how implementation is embedded in NBS frameworks. The aim of this paper is to i) understand how frameworks address implementation, and ii) extract and synthesize key elements and conditions required for enabling the implementation process. Taking a hermeneutic approach, the paper makes use of pre-understanding to interpret and analyse 'the whole' and 'the parts' of the implementation process and discuss how the discourse on NBS implementation could advance towards more operational understanding. This paper suggests that multi-stakeholder collaboration and co-creation of knowledge are important prerequisites for shared understanding of problems, developing actionable knowledge and adapting NBS to site-specific societal challenges. Advancing knowledge about the NBS implementation process is relevant for capacity building and governance of NBS at the local level and bridging policy areas, stakeholders and the knowledge needed to make NBS become relevant to broader society. However, more research is needed to i) move beyond conceptual propositions and towards operational understanding of NBS principles and ii) improve the understanding of how local collaboration and co-creation of knowledge can enhance capacity building and support implementation of NBS.
5 Croeser, T.; Garrard, G.; Sharma, R.; Ossola, A.; Bekessy, S. 2021. Choosing the right nature-based solutions to meet diverse urban challenges. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 65:127337. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127337]
Urban planning ; Decision support ; Decision making ; Decision analysis ; Nature conservation ; Forestry ; Ecosystem services ; Cities ; Sensitivity analysis ; Uncertainty
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050640)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1618866721003642/pdfft?md5=0a864d739151c1766e7166071a8db891&pid=1-s2.0-S1618866721003642-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050640.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050640.pdf
(2.03 MB) (2.03 MB)
Increasing focus on Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in cities has significantly expanded the range of applications in which urban nature is considered useful, as well as the range of NBS available. Traditional parks, gardens and street trees now sit alongside innovative approaches including rooftop pollinator habitats, constructed wetlands and hydroponic green facades, each of which has its own particular challenges and benefits. This variety of solutions introduces an important new decision-making challenge for cities wishing to implement NBS: choosing the right set of specific NBS interventions.
Decision support tools such as Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) can help navigate complex decisions, but their application to urban NBS selection decisions has been limited. Current NBS assessment frameworks tend to either give highly aggregated results, or are tailored to only one specific ecosystem service. Here we demonstrate a novel application of MCDA to the practical challenge of selecting a set of NBS to address multiple urban challenges. The MCDA tool developed here was used in seven cities participating in the European Union project ‘Urban GreenUP’. We describe the development and use of the MCDA tool, and explore how cities used the tool to guide NBS selection. We also evaluate the tool using sensitivity analysis and feedback from users.
We find that participating cities are seeking to balance a large number of possible benefits from NBS solutions, and the tool proved useful for navigating the selection decision. Users identified opportunities to improve the tool’s usability and clarity. They also noted a key strength of the tool as a prompt for co-production of knowledge and decisions. Collectively, these findings advance the design and application of tools to support complex decisions about selecting NBS to address diverse urban challenges.
Decision support tools such as Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) can help navigate complex decisions, but their application to urban NBS selection decisions has been limited. Current NBS assessment frameworks tend to either give highly aggregated results, or are tailored to only one specific ecosystem service. Here we demonstrate a novel application of MCDA to the practical challenge of selecting a set of NBS to address multiple urban challenges. The MCDA tool developed here was used in seven cities participating in the European Union project ‘Urban GreenUP’. We describe the development and use of the MCDA tool, and explore how cities used the tool to guide NBS selection. We also evaluate the tool using sensitivity analysis and feedback from users.
We find that participating cities are seeking to balance a large number of possible benefits from NBS solutions, and the tool proved useful for navigating the selection decision. Users identified opportunities to improve the tool’s usability and clarity. They also noted a key strength of the tool as a prompt for co-production of knowledge and decisions. Collectively, these findings advance the design and application of tools to support complex decisions about selecting NBS to address diverse urban challenges.
6 Filho, W. L.; Totin, E.; Franke, J. A.; Andrew, S. M.; Abubakar, I. R.; Azadi, H.; Nunn, P. D.; Ouweneel, B.; Williams, P. A.; Simpson, N. P.; Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative Team. 2021. Understanding responses to climate-related water scarcity in Africa. Science of the Total Environment, 806(Part 1):150420. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150420]
Water scarcity ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Risk reduction ; Resilience ; Food systems ; Livelihoods ; Cities ; Water stress ; Vulnerability ; Rainwater harvesting ; Indigenous knowledge ; Population growth ; Infrastructure ; Sustainability ; Ecosystems ; Economic aspects ; Semiarid zones / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050678)
(2.41 MB)
Water scarcity is a global challenge, yet existing responses are failing to cope with current shocks and stressors, including those attributable to climate change. In sub-Saharan Africa, the impacts of water scarcity threaten livelihoods and wellbeing across the continent and are driving a broad range of adaptive responses. This paper describes trends of water scarcity for Africa and outlines climate impacts on key water-related sectors on food systems, cities, livelihoods and wellbeing, conflict and security, economies, and ecosystems. It then uses systematic review methods, including the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative, to analyse 240 articles and identify adaptation characteristics of planned and autonomous responses to water scarcity across Africa. The most common impact drivers responded to are drought and participation variability. The most frequently identified actors responding to water scarcity include individuals or households (32%), local government (15%) and national government (15%), while the most common types of response are behavioural and cultural (30%), technological and infrastructural (27%), ecosystem-based (25%) and institutional (18%). Most planned responses target low-income communities (31%), women (20%), and indigenous communities (13%), but very few studies target migrants, ethnic minorities or those living with disabilities. There is a lack of coordination of planned adaptation at scale across all relevant sectors and regions, and lack of legal and institutional frameworks for their operation. Most responses to water scarcity are coping and autonomous responses that showed only minor adjustments to business-as-usual water practices, suggesting limited adaptation depth. Maladaptation is associated with one or more dimension of responses in almost 20% of articles. Coordinating institutional responses, carefully planned technologies, planning for projected climate risks including extension of climate services and increased climate change literacy, and integrating indigenous knowledge will help to address identified challenges of water scarcity towards more adaptive responses across Africa.
7 Drechsel, Pay. 2022. Is urban farming in the global south potentially a temporary phenomenon?. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 38:47-48.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051317)
https://ruaf.org/assets/2022/08/RUAF-UAM-38-Magazine-July2022-web.pdf#page=24
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051317.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051317.pdf
(0.24 MB) (4.34 MB)
8 Drechsel, Pay. 2022. Urban waste and agriculture: a win-win for farmers and for the city?. Urban Agriculture Magazine, 38:65-67.
Urban wastes ; Urban agriculture ; Farmers ; Cities ; Wastewater irrigation ; Business models ; Cost recovery ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Composting ; Nutrients ; Sanitation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051318)
https://ruaf.org/assets/2022/08/RUAF-UAM-38-Magazine-July2022-web.pdf#page=33
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051318.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051318.pdf
(0.13 MB) (4.34 MB)
9 Prain, G.; Simon, D.; Halliday, J.; Drechsel, Pay. 2022. Investment priorities for research and innovation in urban agri-food systems: toward more resilient cities in the Global South. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6:965011. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.965011]
Agrifood systems ; Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Investment ; Research ; Innovation ; Resilience ; Cities ; Markets ; Informal sector ; Circular economy ; Bioeconomy ; Resource recovery ; Waste management ; Food production ; Governance ; Planning ; Policies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051503)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.965011/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051503.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051503.pdf
(0.28 MB) (288 KB)
Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is widely distributed throughout the Global South. Despite urban population growth and diversifying food habits, UPA delivers an important part of urban food supply, as well as other types of services to cities, such as employment and waste reuse. Nevertheless, the extent and importance of UPA varies between different urban areas, while challenges like limited recognition, land conversion, and water pollution and competition threaten the potential of UPA to contribute to urban resilience. Key investment priorities for research and innovation for overcoming current challenges include incentivized peri-urban zoning, urban allocation of productive lands, and increasing capacities for controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Innovative repositioning of food marketing can help to strengthen supply of healthy food from UPA production, increase decent employment, and turn food markets into nutrition hubs. Priority innovations for contributing to the circular bioeconomy of cities include scaling the safe use of wastewater for irrigation through investments in the adoption of multiple risk-barrier approaches and scaling UPA-based ecosystem services for valorising solid waste and environmental management. Innovations in urban governance are required to support these processes by bringing food systems into urban planning through food mapping and the multisectoral platforms for dialogue and policy formulation across city regions and with vertical levels of government.
10 Al-Zu’bi, Maha; Dejene, S. W.; Hounkpe, J.; Kupika, O. L.; Lwasa, S.; Mbenge, M.; Mwongera, C.; Ouedraogo, N. S.; Toure, N. E. 2022. African perspectives on climate change research. Nature Climate Change, 12(12):1078-1084. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01519-x]
Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Climate resilience ; Research ; Agriculture ; Energy ; Urbanization ; Cities ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem services ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Aerosols / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051556)
(2.02 MB) (2.02 MB)
The 27th Conference of the Parties (COP27) is being held in November 2022 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. Having a climate summit hosted in an African country makes it timely to highlight climate change research from the continent. We asked a selection of researchers to share their thoughts on current research questions and how they affect African responses to climate change.
11 Adam-Bradford, A.; Drechsel, Pay. 2023. Urban agriculture during economic crisis: lessons from Cuba, Sri Lanka and Ukraine. Policy brief. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p.
Urban agriculture ; Economic crises ; Cities ; Rural-urban food supply chains ; Food security ; Resilience ; Conflicts ; War ; Pandemics / Cuba / Sri Lanka / Ukraine / Havana / Colombo / Kharkiv
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051894)
(7.93 MB)
Economic crises take different forms and occur for various reasons, such as political conflicts and pandemics. What all these crises have in common is that they cause disruption to rural-urban food supply chains, resulting in food shortages for the urban poor, with the most direct impact being an increase in food prices. It is within this challenging context that we present empirical examples of the role of urban agriculture.
12 Karg, H.; Akoto-Danso, E. K.; Amprako, L.; Drechsel, Pay; Nyarko, G.; Lompo, D. J.-P.; Ndzerem, S.; Sidibe, S.; Hoschek, M.; Buerkert, A. 2023. A spatio-temporal dataset on food flows for four West African cities. Scientific Data, 10:263. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02163-6]
Rural-urban food supply chains ; Food systems ; Commodities ; Markets ; Cities ; Datasets ; Food security ; Food products ; Virtual water ; Modes of transport / West Africa / Mali / Cameroon / Burkina Faso / Ghana / Bamako / Bamenda / Ouagadougou / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051896)
(3.69 MB) (3.69 MB)
Gaining insight into the food sourcing practices of cities is important to understand their resilience to climate change, economic crisis, as well as pandemics affecting food supply and security. To fill existing knowledge gaps in this area food flow data were collected in four West African cities - Bamako (Mali), Bamenda (Cameroon), Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), and Tamale (Ghana). The data cover, depending on the city, road, rail, boat, and air traffic. Surveys were conducted for one week on average during the peak harvest, lean, and rainy seasons, resulting in a dataset of over 100,000 entries for 46 unprocessed food commodities. The data collected includes information on the key types of transportation used, quantity, source, and destination of the food flows. The data were used to delineate urban foodsheds and to identify city-specific factors constraining rural-urban linkages. The data can also be employed to inform academic and policy discussions on urban food system sustainability, to validate other datasets, and to plan humanitarian aid and food security interventions.
13 Ouattara, Z. A.; Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Dongo, K.; Akpoti, Komlavi. 2023. A review of sewerage and drainage systems typologies with case study in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: failures, policy and management techniques perspectives. Cogent Engineering, 10(1):2178125. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2023.2178125]
Sewerage ; Drainage systems ; Policies ; Management techniques ; Urban areas ; Cities ; Solid wastes ; Wastewater ; Sanitation ; Decision support systems ; Models ; Institutions ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Côte d'Ivoire / Abidjan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051899)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/23311916.2023.2178125?needAccess=true&role=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051899.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051899.pdf
(25.10 MB) (25.1 MB)
The failure of sewage and drainage systems in SubSaharan African cities is frequent and can be considered as a critical issue, both from an environmental standpoint and in terms of associated maintenance costs. This study analyzes the state of the sanitation systems, the elements behind the failures, the environmental concepts used to classify the problems, and the tools and methodological alternatives for ranking the various management solutions. This research illustrates the causes that contribute to the dysfunctions in the sewage systems of Abidjan as a typical example of sewerage systems management challenges in SubSaharan Africa’s large cities. Poor solid waste and wastewater management practices by residents, e.g., illegal dumping of solid waste into the sewers, unauthorized and defective connections to the network, structural dysfunctions related to the age of the network (cracked, denuded, or broken), urban agriculture in the vicinity of the channels, natural phenomena such as erosion, landslides in the undeveloped parts, and the high concentration of vegetation in the network, wholly contribute to the degradation of the network. A variety of decision support systems for the management of the assets of the urban sewage network were presented. The instruments have been categorized based on their capacity and functionality. The operating concept of each of these tools has been outlined, as well as their respective data needs. In addition, the study analyzes challenges related to the usage of existing decision support systems and provides an outlook on future research requirements in this area. This study offers a detailed analysis of the issues of sanitation management and could serve as a reference for other emerging nations in SubSaharan Africa.
14 Ouattara, Z. A.; Dongo, K.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Attiogbe, F.; Siabi, E. K.; Iweh, C. D.; Gogo, G. H. 2023. Assessment of solid and liquid wastes management and health impacts along the failed sewerage systems in capital cities of African countries: case of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Frontiers in Water, 5:1071686. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1071686]
Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Environmental impact ; Health hazards ; Sewerage ; Cities ; Urban areas ; Wastewater ; Sanitation ; Pollution indicators ; Risk factors ; Chemicophysical properties ; Households / Côte d'Ivoire / Abidjan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052034)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2023.1071686/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052034.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052034.pdf
(2.16 MB) (2.16 MB)
The management of domestic wastewater and rainwater is a major concern for the population of Yopougon. The study presents the causes of wastewater discharge from dysfunctional sewers and their health impacts on the population. It also highlights the environmental and health risk associated with poor solid and liquid waste management. This was based on literature search, semi-participatory workshop, physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of wastewater and finally through a household survey. The field survey was conducted on 245 household heads obtained using the Canadian statistical guidelines. The results obtained indicated that all main pollution indicators were; total nitrogen (TN, 525 ± 0.02 to 3077 ± 0.3 mg/l), nitrates (NO3, 146 ± 0.01 to 1347 ± 0.12 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD, 278 ± 195.16 to 645 ± 391.74 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 940 ± 650.54 to 4050.5 ± 71.42 mg/l) and total dissolved solids (TDS, 151 ± 9.9 to 766 ± 237.59 mg/l) which were above the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Cote d'Ivoire national policy guidelines standards for the discharge of effluents into the environment. The analysis of the bacterial flora of the effluents revealed that the concentrations of Total Coliforms and fecal streptococci exceeded the values recommended by the WHO and national policy guidelines standards. This means that the populations of this area are prone to infectious diseases. Diseases such as malaria (84.53%), respiratory infections (61%), diarrhea (48.66%), intestinal diseases (44.5%), and typhoid fever (28.84%) were prevalent in the surveyed households.
15 Vaidya, H.; Tiwari, K.; Rajadhyaksha, N. P.; Shinde, V. R.; Wong, T.; Kulkarni, H.; Dickens, Chris; Tortajada, C.; Bassi, N.; Pandey, V. P.; Jain, A.; Shaw, R.; Anshuman; Mishra, R. R.; Kaur, I.; Bahure, K.; Gupta, T.; Shah, H.; Subramanian, A.; Kumar, K. 2023. Ensuring water security. White Paper. Ahmedabad, India: Urban20 (U20). 25p.
Water security ; Integrated water resources management ; Urban planning ; Cities ; Infrastructure ; Nature-based solutions ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Social capital ; Human capital ; Financing ; Partnerships ; Networks
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052165)
https://www.u20india.org/Content/WhitePaper/EWS_White%20Paper.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052165.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052165.pdf
(4.05 MB) (4.05 MB)
16 Mahdad, M.; Minh, Thai Thi; Dinh, T. T.; Vanhaverbeke, W. 2024. Open strategizing for developing smart city food system: stakeholder inclusion in practice. Technology in Society, 77:102516. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102516]
Stakeholder engagement ; Cities ; Food systems ; Participatory action research ; Inclusion ; Strategies ; Decision making ; Planning / Vietnam / Da Nang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052698)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160791X24000642/pdfft?md5=9759982e3efc9f12698c36fbd8c09783&pid=1-s2.0-S0160791X24000642-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052698.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052698.pdf
(2.21 MB) (2.21 MB)
The positive impact of stakeholder engagement (SE) in smart city development initiatives has received notable scholarly attention over the past decade. Researchers of stakeholder engagement have investigated various aspects of the engagement process from different theoretical perspectives, yet the complexity and dynamism of inclusion, especially at the societal level and in the context of smart city development, continue to inspire more research. Drawing from the intersection of open strategy (OS) and SE, we seek to enhance understanding of the open strategizing process by elucidating stakeholder inclusion practices in a smart city initiative, focusing on food systems in Da Nang, Vietnam. Our participatory action research draws on 114 semi-structured interviews and four stakeholder workshops to analyze the way stakeholder inclusion practices unfold in the strategic decision-making process of a smart city initiative. Our analysis reveals that stakeholder inclusion is complex and involves four interdependent practices at different stages of the strategizing process. These practices are trust formation, common language creation, role transformation, and expectation alignment. Together, they culminate in the creation of an interactive social space for the strategy-making process. The proposed analytical framework highlights the interdependencies among practices and their outcomes at different stages of the open strategizing process and could serve as a guideline in a context in which stakeholder inclusion at the planning phase is necessary to achieve systemic change.
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