Your search found 11 records
1 Clement, Floriane; Amezaga, J. M. 2009. The importance of context for pro-poor institutional change: the case of land-tenure reforms in Vietnam’s uplands. Paper presented at the Conference on Institutions, Behavior and the Escape from Persistent Poverty, Cornell University, NY, USA, 16-17 November 2009. 47p.
Institutions ; Land tenure ; Land management ; Land policies ; Legal aspects ; History ; Poverty ; Forest land ; Households / South East Asia / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042528)
http://www.socialsciences.cornell.edu/0811/papers/ClementAmezaga.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042528.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042528.pdf
(0.54 MB)
Rural development debates have largely focused on identifying which natural resource institutions can best contribute to poverty alleviation. We argue that it is equally important to understand under which context a given set of institutions can contribute to reduce poverty. The argument is applied to the case of post-collectivization land reforms in Vietnam. We discuss the role of context in policy shortcomings by analyzing simultaneously the fit between institutions and local contextual factors and the influence of the broader discursive and political-economic context under which policy changes operate.
2 Fujii, H.; Dawuni, B.; Kulawardhana, Wasantha; Thenkabail, P. S.; Namara, Regassa E. 2009. Features of river flow in inland valleys in semi-deciduous forest zone in Ghana. Transactions of the Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Rural Engineering, 77(6):637-644.
Watersheds ; Rivers ; Stream flow ; Hydrology ; Runoff ; Forest land ; Rice / Ghana / West Africa / Mankran Watershed / Offinso Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043148)
(0.96 MB)
There are about 2.8 million ha of inland valleys in Ghana and 20 million ha of inland valley in West Africa. Although inland valleys are suitable for lowland rice due to the abundance of water resources and higher soil fertility compared with the upland, they have not been well utilized as agricultural land in West Africa. Further utilization of inland valley for lowland rice will improve the productivity of rice in West Africa. In this study water resources of small rivers in inland valleys in West Africa are evaluated. Two study watersheds with 1,400-1,500mm of annual rainfall in Semi-Deciduous Forest Zone in Ghana were selected and analyzed on slope distribution in the study watershed to grasp suitable area for lowland rice and on hydrological characteristics such as specific discharge and runoff ratio. The following findings are obtained from the study. 1) Most of the rivers in the study watershed are seasonal rivers. Non-flow period of some rivers were shown for around five months from middle of December to early May. However the term of non-flow period varies much depending on characteristics of sub-watersheds. 2) Runoff ratio for 5 years from 2000 to 2004 in Offinso watershed which is a typical watershed in semi deciduous forest zone in Ghana was indicated only 12%. It ranges from 0.08 to 0.16 depending on the year. The monthly runoff ratio indicated little value in March, April and May which is beginning of rainy season and high value in November and December which is beginning of dry season. 3) The gentle slope area with less than 2%, which seems suitable area for lowland rice, occupies 22 % of inland valley.
3 Berlekom, M.; Engstrom, L.; Eriksson, M. L.; Gallardo, G.; Gerhardt, K.; Knutsson, P.; Malmer, P.; Stephansson, E.; Walter, S. V. 2009. Natural resource tenure: a crucial aspect of poverty reduction and human rights. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). 158p. (Sida Studies no. 23)
Land management ; Natural resources ; Land tenure ; Poverty ; Human rights ; Water rights ; Climate change ; Wetlands ; Coastal area ; Fisheries ; Rangelands ; Forest land ; Farmland ; Wildlife ; Genetic resources ; Policy making ; Petroleum ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.3 G000 BER Record No: H043654)
http://www.google.lk/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCIQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.donorplatform.org%2Fload%2F6571&ei=J1p4TfSHE4PtrAeQ5Pm9BQ&usg=AFQjCNEi5_z5j1IfbYgcHYnD_zRRWTrW-w
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043654.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043654.pdf
(2.12 MB) (2.12MB)
4 Wunder, S.; Dung The, B.; Ibarra, E. 2005. Payment is good, control is better: why payments for forest environmental services in Vietnam have so far remained incipient. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). 61p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/001912]
Environmental services ; User charges ; Forest resources ; Forest management ; Watershed management ; Land ownership ; Forest land ; Biodiversity conservation ; Carbon sequestration ; Case studies ; Assessment ; Development projects ; Tourism ; Households ; Income ; Developing countries / Vietnam / Quang Nam Province / Thua Thien Hue Province / Ha Giang Province / Yen Bai Province / A Luoi District / Phong Dien District / Vi Xuyen District / Quan Ba District / Yen Binh District / Tran Yen District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 634.92 G784 WUN Record No: H047287)
http://www.cifor.org/pes/publications/pdf_files/BWunder0601.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047287.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047287.pdf
(2.67 MB) (2.67 MB)
5 Nguyen, H. T.; de Bruyn, L. L.; Koech, R. 2016. Impact of hydropower dam development on agriculturally based livelihoods of resettled communities: a case study of Duong Hoa Commune in central Vietnam. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 32(6):978-996. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1121138]
Water power ; Dam construction ; Living standards ; Agricultural production ; Rural settlement ; Communes ; Households ; Income ; Reservoirs ; Forest land ; River basins ; Animal husbandry ; Forestry ; Case studies / Vietnam / Huong River Basin / Ta Trach Reservoir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047931)
Dam development is widespread in central Vietnam. Interviews were conducted with households that had been resettled and those that had not to determine the type of agricultural livelihoods that were re-established nine years after resettlement due to the Ta Trach reservoir project. Results showed that resettled households, despite having more forest land, were economically worse off compared with households that were not moved. This discrepancy between households was attributed to less arable land allocated to resettled households. The provision of good-quality land, able to grow crops and food trees, was essential if households were to re-establish a comparable agriculturally based livelihood.
6 Tolessa, T.; Senbeta, F.; Kidane, M. 2017. The impact of land use/land cover change on ecosystem services in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Ecosystem Services, 23:47-54. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.11.010]
Land use ; Land cover change ; Payment for Ecosystem Services ; Economic value ; Landscape ecology ; Forest land ; Cultivated land ; Scrublands ; Satellite imagery ; Living standards ; Settlement ; Models ; Highlands / Ethiopia / Central Highlands / Chillimo Forest
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048051)
(0.66 MB)
Ecosystems provide a wide range of services that are important for human-well being. Estimating the multiple services obtained from ecosystems is vital to support decision-making processes at different levels. This study analyzes land use/land cover (LU/LC) dynamics over four decades (i.e., 1973, 1986, 2001, 2015) to assess its impact on ecosystem services. Ecosystem Service Values (ESV) was determined using LU/LC analysis and established global data base. LU/LC analysis showed that forest cover reduced by 54.2% during study period; and settlement, bare land, shrub land and cultivated land increased considerably. The study indicates that due to forest cover change from 1973 to 2015, approximately US$ 3.69 million of ecosystem services values was lost. Among the ecosystem services reduced were: nutrient cycling, provision of raw material and erosion control. The use of LU/LC data along with established global ESV data sets reduce the costs of ground data collection, and help in tracking of past environmental changes and acquisition of quick and reliable results that can be used for decision making processes. We believe that the results obtained can be helpful in designing payment for environmental services and rural development policies.
7 Gashaw, T.; Tulu, T.; Argaw, M.; Worqlul, A. W.; Tolessa, T.; Kindu, M. 2018. Estimating the impacts of land use/land cover changes on ecosystem service values: the case of the Andassa Watershed in the Upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia. Ecosystem Services, 31(Part A):219-228. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.05.001]
Ecosystem services ; Economic value ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Estimation ; Watersheds ; Cultivated land ; Forest land ; Scrublands ; Grasslands ; River basins ; Models / Ethiopia / Upper Blue Nile Basin / Andassa Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048818)
(1.40 MB)
Estimating the impacts of land use/land cover (LULC) changes in Ecosystem Service Values (ESV) is indispensable to provide public awareness about the status of ESV, and to help in policy-making processes. This study was intended to estimate the impacts of LULC changes on ESV in the Andassa watershed of the Upper Blue Nile basin over the last three decades (1985–2015), and to predict the ESV changes in 2045. The hybrid land use classification technique for classifying Landsat images, the Cellular-Automata Markov (CA-Markov) model for LULC prediction, and the modified ecosystem service value coefficients for estimating ESV were employed. Our findings revealed that there was a continues expansions of cultivated land and built-up area, and withdrawing of forest, shrubland and grassland during the 1985–2015 periods, which are expected to continue for the next three decades. Consequently, the total ESV of the watershed has declined from US$26.83 106 in 1985 to US$22.58 106 in 2000 and to US $21.00 106 in 2015 and is expected to further reduce to US$17.94 106 in 2030 and to US$15.25 106 in 2045. The impacts of LULC changes on the specific ecosystem services are also tremendous.
8 Mekuria, Wolde; Diyasa, M.; Tengberg, A.; Haileslassie, Amare. 2021. Effects of long-term land use and land cover changes on ecosystem service values: an example from the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Land, 10(12):1373. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121373]
Land use ; Land cover change ; Ecosystem services ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water resources ; Landsat ; Satellite imagery ; Farmland ; Forest land ; Grasslands / Ethiopia / Central Rift Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050902)
(11.20 MB) (11.2 MB)
Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) are the leading contributors to the decline and loss of ecosystem services in the world. The present study covered the Central Rift Valley lakes basin in Ethiopia, focusing on the valley floor and the East and West escarpments, to analyze changes in LULC and to estimate associated losses in ecosystem service values (ESVs). Covering both upstream and downstream areas in the basin, the study addressed major gaps in existing studies by connecting the sources and sinks of material (e.g., sediment and water) in source-to-lake systems. Additionally, the study facilitated the identification of critical areas for conserving natural resources and reversing the decline of associated ESVs in the Central Rift Valley. A post-classification comparison approach was used to detect LULC changes between 1973 and 2020 using four Landsat images from 1973, 1990, 2005 and 2020. The value transfer valuation method was used to estimate the changes in ESVs due to LULC changes. Among the seven major identified LULC classes, farmlands, settlements, and bare lands showed positive changes, while forestlands, grasslands, shrublands and waterbodies showed negative changes over the last 47 years. The expansion of farmlands, for example, has occurred at the expense of grasslands, forestlands and shrublands. The changes in LULC over a period of 47 years resulted in a total loss of US $62,110.4 × 106 in ESVs. The contributors to the overall loss of ESVs in decreasing order are provisioning services (US $33,795.1 × 106 ), cultural services (US $28,981.5 × 106 ) and regulating services (US $652.9 × 106 ). The results imply that addressing the degradation of land and water resources is crucial to reversing the loss of ecosystem services and achieving the national Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to food and water security (SDGs 2 and 6) and life on land (SDG 15).
9 Ma, S.; Wang, L.-J.; Chu, L.; Jiang, J. 2023. Determination of ecological restoration patterns based on water security and food security in arid regions. Agricultural Water Management, 278:108171. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108171]
Environmental restoration ; Arid zones ; Food security ; Water security ; Water resources ; Agricultural development ; Ecosystem services ; Land use ; Vegetation ; Grasslands ; Forest land ; Cultivated land ; Precipitation ; Water yield / China / Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous / Korla / Yanqi Hui / Hejing / Heshuo / Bohu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051692)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377423000367/pdfft?md5=52bb5bb96e7fde141ed58e21ee9daeaf&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377423000367-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051692.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051692.pdf
(16.90 MB) (16.9 MB)
Food and water security are crucial for sustainable development in arid regions. However, land use/cover change often leads to trade-offs between grain yield and water-related ecosystem services (ESs), threatening food and water security. Therefore, how to optimize ecological restoration patterns to ensure grain yield and ESs is an important issue in arid regions. This study evaluated the changes in grain yield, water yield (WY), and water purification (WP) from 2000 to 2020 in the Bosten Lake region, China. Then, planting vegetation (PV) scenarios on different slopes and riparian vegetation buffer (RVB) scenarios with different widths were established to reveal the effects of different ecological restoration rules on ESs. Finally, the optimal ecological restoration scenario was determined based on ES efficiency and trade-offs/synergies. The results showed that grain yield increased (23.83 %) at the expense of WP and WY (- 14.76 % and - 0.57 %) from 2000 to 2020. The agricultural development scenario further reduced WP (- 7.99 %). Grain yield increased and WP and WY decreased under the PV scenarios. The RVB scenarios had the potential to improve ESs, guarantee grain yield and eliminate ES trade-offs. The effect of forest restoration on ESs was greater than that of grassland restoration, and the effect of RVB scenarios on ES efficiency was greater than that of PV scenarios. With the increase in the riparian buffer zone, the WY efficiency increased nonlinearly, and the WP efficiency decreased nonlinearly. The riparian grass buffer scenarios achieved higher WP at the expense of less WY, with the 200 m wide riparian grass buffer being the best ecological restoration scenario. The ecological benefits varied with the type, location, and scale of vegetation restoration. This study proposed a framework to determine the optimal ecological restoration pattern. The results can provide a scientific reference for water resource management decision-making in arid regions.
10 Raihan, A.; Muhtasim, D. A.; Farhana, S.; Ul Hasan, Md A.; Pavel, M. I.; Faruk, O.; Rahman, M.; Mahmood, A. 2023. An econometric analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from different agricultural factors in Bangladesh. Energy Nexus, 9:100179. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100179]
Econometrics ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Climate change ; Renewable energy ; Sustainability ; Farmland ; Crop production ; Livestock ; Energy consumption ; Fertilizers ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Forest land ; Deforestation / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051810)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427123000098/pdfft?md5=9f4356626ac8a3692843f774afc24e42&pid=1-s2.0-S2772427123000098-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051810.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051810.pdf
(1.20 MB)
Global climate change triggered by greenhouse gases (GHGs) puts incomparable threats to the environment and food security. Agriculture is one of the key drivers of environmental deterioration, which is linked to GHG emissions and labeled ultrasensitive to climate change. However, there is a scarcity of research exploring the nexus between agriculture and GHG emissions in Bangladesh. Thus, the present study empirically investigates the dynamic impacts of agricultural land expansion, agricultural value added, crop production, livestock production, fisheries production, energy use in agriculture, fertilizer consumption, and forest land on GHG emissions in Bangladesh. Time series data from 1990 to 2018 were utilized by employing the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approach. The empirical findings reveal that a 1% increase in agricultural land, crop production index, livestock production index, fisheries production, energy use in agriculture, and fertilizer consumption will increase GHG emissions by 0.25%, 0.29%, 0.40%, 0.18%, 0.46%, and 0.28% in the long run. Conversely, a 1% increase in agricultural value added and the forest land may lead to GHG emissions reduction by 0.32% and 1.44% in the long run. The estimated results are robust to alternative estimators such as fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR). This research contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the GHG emissions from the agriculture sector of Bangladesh. This article put forward policy recommendations on sustainable and climate-smart agriculture that would enhance productivity and resilience while reducing emissions from the agriculture sector.
11 Haileslassie, Amare; Taye, Meron Teferi; Diyessa, Merga; Mekuria, Wolde. 2024. Land use and land cover changes and their effect on ecosystem service values in the Bale Ecoregion, southeastern Ethiopia. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 12:1386026. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1386026]
Land-use change ; Land cover change ; Ecosystem services ; Landscape ; Water resources ; Deforestation ; Agroecology ; Forest land ; Livelihoods ; Watersheds ; Policies / East Africa / Ethiopia / Bale Ecoregion
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: PendingH052923)
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1386026/pdf?isPublishedV2=false
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052923.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052923.pdf
(3.14 MB) (3.14 MB)
The Bale Ecoregion (BER) is known for its global importance in biodiversity and as a water tower for East African drylands. Land use and land covers (LULC) have been changing for decades, affecting forest ecosystem service values (ESVs), but available information is limited. The present study addresses these gaps by using contrasting watersheds representing the highland, midland, and lowland agroecologies in the BER. LULC classifications were performed using GIS and remote sensing tools. Multisite imagery data (using Landsat image resolution 30 m × 30 m) were generated for four observation periods: 1992, 2002, 2012, and 2022. A recently updated global ESV coefficient and the value transfer valuation method were applied to estimate the changes in ESVs related to LULC changes. The result demonstrates that between 1992 and 2022, forest land has decreased by 3%, 63%, and 22% in the highland, midland, and lowland areas, respectively. Different degrees of loss of ESVs were observed across the study periods and LULC. Of the 21 specific ESVs investigated, the highest annual losses were recorded for water ecosystem services both in the midland and lowland landscape positions. Increased ESVs for cultivated land could not offset losses in food ESVs at the scale of agroecology. Significant impacts of LULC changes on specific ecosystem services, such as water, and changes in natural connectivity between the highland and lowland areas were observed. The result suggests that stakeholders need to co-plan and manage the BER. This evidence provides a scientific underpinning for understanding the connection between LULC change and ESVs and supports informed policy decisions.
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