Your search found 31 records
1 Otoo, Miriam; Lefore, Nicole; Schmitter, Petra; Barron, Jennie; Gebregziabher, Gebrehaweria. 2018. Business model scenarios and suitability: smallholder solar pump-based irrigation in Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management – Making a Business Case for Smallholders. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 67p. (IWMI Research Report 172) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.207]
Business management ; Models ; Solar energy ; Energy policies ; Irrigation methods ; Irrigation practices ; Pumping ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Alternative methods ; Environmental sustainability ; Environmental impact ; Corporate culture ; Policy making ; Renewable energy ; Agricultural financial policy ; Financing ; Supply chain ; Economic aspects ; Irrigated farming ; Agricultural production ; Investment ; Intensification ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Water supply ; Water management ; Groundwater ; Regulations ; Rural communities ; Markets ; Small scale systems ; Women's participation ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Case studies ; Innovation scaling / Africa / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048583)
(2 MB)
This report outlines a business model approach to assessing the feasibility and for encouraging investment in smallholder solar pump irrigation. It also proposes a new methodology for mapping the suitability of solar energy-based irrigation pumps. The proposed business model framework and the methodology for suitability mapping are applied to Ethiopia as a case study, based on data from existing case studies and reports. A brief analysis outlines the regulatory and institutional context for investment in solar pump irrigation, and the ways in which it both constrains and attempts to support investment. The report identifies and outlines three business model scenarios that present opportunities for investing in smallholder solar pump-based irrigation, which would contribute towards sustainable intensification for food and nutrition security. The business model scenarios are based on the value proposition of supplying water to smallholder farmers for irrigated agricultural production. Analysis of potential gains and benefits suggests that direct purchase of solar pumps by farmers is feasible, and that out-grower schemes and pump supplier options with bundled financing offer promising solutions. The potential constraints that different investors may face in up-scaling the business models are also discussed, particularly within institutional, regulatory and financial contexts. The report provides development actors and investors with evidence-based information on the suitability and sustainability of solar pump irrigation in Ethiopia, as well as suggestions for helping to enable smallholders to invest in individually-owned, smallholder photovoltaic (PV) solar pumps.
2 Minh, Thai Thi; Cofie, Olufunke; Lefore, N.; Schmitter, Petra. 2020. Multi-stakeholder dialogue space on farmer-led irrigation development in Ghana: an instrument driving systemic change with private sector initiatives. Knowledge Management for Development Journal, 15(2):98-118. (Special issue: The Unusual Suspect? The Private Sector in Knowledge Partnerships for Agricultural and Rural Development)
Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Irrigation management ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Private sector ; Agricultural development ; Investment ; Business enterprises ; Supply chains ; Value chains ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Institutions ; Innovation scaling / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050013)
https://www.km4djournal.org/index.php/km4dj/article/view/489/608
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050013.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050013.pdf
(0.92 MB) (944 KB)
Private sector actors bring expertise, resources, and new perspectives to agricultural development, but the tendency to short-term approaches and market-based orientation has been unable to drive a systemic change in the development agenda. We explore how multi-stakeholder dialogues can capitalize on and trickle systemic change through private sector involvement. Analysis from the farmer-led irrigation development multi-stakeholder dialogue space (FLI-MDS) in Ghana shows the need for a physical and institutional space to cater for and merge different stakeholder interests. For all stakeholders, the institutional space is a multi-level-playing institution which can trickle systemic change by leveraging the private sector’s investments with multi-stakeholders’ collaboration, interactive learning, and potential support for commercial scaling of FLI. For private sector actors, a physical space for collaboration is crucial. It enables them to envisage their commercial interests, opening up opportunities for collaboration and mobilization of resources. Ensuring long term sustainability of an FLI-MDS requires catering for the private sector needs for a physical dialogue space to trickle systemic change and accelerate commercialization in farmer-led irrigation development.
3 Merrey, D. J.; Schmitter, Petra; Namara, R.; McCornick, P. G. 2020. Catalyzing farmers’ irrigation investments: recommendations to scale sustainable rural transformation. Lincoln, NE, USA: University of Nebraska. Robert B. Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute (DWFI). 20p.
Irrigated farming ; Investment ; Smallholders ; Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Sustainable agriculture ; Rural economics ; Business models ; Innovation ; Technology ; Water management ; Groundwater ; Pumps ; Water resources ; Institutions ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Policies ; Innovation scaling / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050163)
https://waterforfood.nebraska.edu/-/media/projects/dwfi/resource-documents/reports-and-working-papers/catalyzing-farmers-irrigation-investments.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050163.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050163.pdf
(1.01 MB) (1.01 MB)
4 Minh, Thai Thi; Zwart, Sander; Appoh, Richard; Schmitter, Petra. 2021. Analyzing the enabling environment to enhance the scaling of irrigation and water management technologies: a tool for implementers. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 18p. (IWMI Working Paper 197) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.201]
Irrigation management ; Water management ; Technology ; Agricultural value chains ; Innovation adoption ; Scaling ; Irrigated farming ; Policies ; Development programmes ; Strategies ; State intervention ; Private sector ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Stakeholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Donors ; Government agencies ; Institutions ; Frameworks ; Assessment ; Social aspects ; Political aspects ; Innovation scaling
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050219)
(3.18 MB)
Agricultural innovation scaling approaches tend to be empirical but do not sufficiently take into account the complex realities of ‘softer elements’ such as people, supply chains, markets, financing mechanisms, policies and regulations, professional knowledge, power relations, incentives and history. As a consequence, scaling initiatives often do not produce the desired impacts and, in some instances, may even produce undesirable impacts.
Designing scaling strategies that are adaptive to context and available resources requires an understanding of the enabling environment in which the scaling processes are embedded. This can be achieved by conducting an analysis to identify enablers and hinderers influencing farmers’ adoption of irrigation and water management technologies and introducing measures to ensure success. The tool described in this working paper provides implementers with a structured guide to carrying out this analysis in a specific context.
Designing scaling strategies that are adaptive to context and available resources requires an understanding of the enabling environment in which the scaling processes are embedded. This can be achieved by conducting an analysis to identify enablers and hinderers influencing farmers’ adoption of irrigation and water management technologies and introducing measures to ensure success. The tool described in this working paper provides implementers with a structured guide to carrying out this analysis in a specific context.
5 Minh, Thai Thi; Schmitter, Petra. 2020. Co-identification of value chain-based pathway for scaling of irrigation technologies and services: cases in Basona Worana and Lemo woredas in Ethiopia. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 29p.
Agricultural value chains ; Irrigation practices ; Technology ; Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation equipment ; Water management ; Irrigated farming ; Vegetables ; Fruits ; Innovation platforms ; Extension activities ; Market access ; Marketing channels ; Water lifting ; Water user associations ; Farmers ; Stakeholders ; Innovation scaling / Ethiopia / Basona Worana / Lemo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050262)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/110592/IWMI_case%20study_2020.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050262.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050262.pdf
(0.58 MB) (590 KB)
6 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Adaptive scaling to achieve system transformation in One CGIAR. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p.
Food systems ; Innovation systems ; Scaling ; Institutional development ; CGIAR ; Frameworks ; Strategies ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Partnerships ; Collaboration ; Private sector ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Innovation scaling
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050492)
(2.91 MB)
7 Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Leh, Mansoor; Merrey, D. J.; Kodua, T. T.; Schmitter, Petra. 2021. Solar photovoltaic technology for small-scale irrigation in Ghana: suitability mapping and business models. Agricultural Water Management – Making a Business Case for Smallholders. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 50p. (IWMI Research Report 178) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.209]
Solar energy ; Photovoltaic systems ; Technology ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation systems ; Business models ; Feasibility studies ; Environmental sustainability ; Irrigated farming ; Smallholders ; Groundwater irrigation ; Aquifers ; Water resources ; Multiple use water services ; Water lifting ; Pumps ; Renewable energy ; Policies ; Regulations ; Supply chains ; Value chains ; Financial viability ; Costs ; Input output analysis ; Institutions ; Case studies ; Innovation scaling / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050503)
(7.40 MB)
This report assesses the potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) irrigation for smallholder agriculture in Ghana, using elements of business planning and business models with a suitability mapping approach. These approaches take into account the economic as well as environmental sustainability of expanding such technology. Using data from existing solar PV irrigation systems and interviews with key industry actors, the report discusses the regulatory and institutional context for investment in solar PV technology and outlines the technology supply chain, mapping the key actors and their roles. The financial viability of two empirical business cases – directly funding an agribusiness and subsidizing a cooperative model – is analyzed to assess the feasibility of expanding access to the technology. Furthermore, three solar PV irrigation business model scenarios are presented based on insights gained from the two empirical cases as well as from analyzing the existing policy and regulatory framework, the technology supply chain and environmental suitability. The potential for solar PV irrigation pumps is substantial, especially in northern Ghana, although care must be taken to avoid overpumping some aquifers. Achieving this potential will require strengthening the policy framework and making finance available at a reasonable cost. The report identifies alternative financing mechanisms and business models that have been tried elsewhere and can be adapted to Ghana, and makes recommendations to enhance the sustainable uptake of solar PV irrigation.
8 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Agricultural water management innovations to build resilient food systems in West Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 4p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 14) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.203]
Water management ; Sustainable agriculture ; Food systems ; Food security ; Resilience ; Climate change ; Water use efficiency ; Small scale systems ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Technology ; Digital innovation ; Private sector ; Rural areas ; Livelihoods ; Innovation scaling / West Africa / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050504)
(1.88 MB)
9 Khadka, Manohara; Uprety, Labisha; Shrestha, Gitta; Minh, Thai Thi; Nepal, Shambhawi; Raut, Manita; Dhungana, Shashwat; Shahrin, S.; Krupnik, T. J.; Schmitter, Petra. 2021. Understanding barriers and opportunities for scaling sustainable and inclusive farmer-led irrigation development in Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA). 92p.
Farmer-led irrigation ; Sustainability ; Smallholders ; Small scale systems ; Agricultural value chains ; Gender equality ; Inclusion ; Livelihoods ; Irrigation equipment ; Supply chains ; Water management ; Multiple use water services ; Public-private partnerships ; COVID-19 ; Policies ; Innovation scaling / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050731)
https://repository.cimmyt.org/bitstream/handle/10883/21683/64317.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050731.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050731.pdf
(1.87 MB) (1.87 MB)
10 Child, K.; Desta, G.; Douthwaite, B.; Haileslassie, Amare; van Rooyen, A.; Tamene, L.; Uhlenbrook, Stefan. 2021. Impact tracking: a practitioner-developed approach to scaling agricultural innovation in Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 28p. (WLE Legacy Series 1) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.226]
Agricultural innovation ; Scaling ; Impact assessment ; Agricultural research for development ; Project evaluation ; Policies ; Research programmes ; Funding ; Partnerships ; Community involvement ; Watershed management ; Irrigation equipment ; Taxes ; Landscape ; Data management ; Stakeholders ; Collaboration ; Case studies ; Innovation scaling / Ethiopia / Yewol Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050789)
(2.21 MB)
This paper argues for more creativity and flexibility in agricultural research for development (AR4D) scaling and impact evaluation in complex contexts. While acknowledging the importance of setting reasonable end-of-project targets and outcomes, we argue that the achievement of outcomes and impacts, particularly in complex contexts, requires adaptive management and acknowledgment that significant positive outcomes and impacts may occur after the project funding cycle is complete. The paper presents a practitioner-developed approach to scaling AR4D innovations called Impact Tracking (IT). We illustrate IT in practice by presenting three case studies from Ethiopia in which IT proved crucial to achieving impact. The paper concludes by drawing lessons from the case studies and discussing what implications IT may have for development practitioners.
11 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2022. Evidence-based strategies to accelerate innovation scaling in agricultural value chains. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p.
Agricultural value chains ; Innovation ; Scaling up ; Strategies ; Capacity development ; Agricultural research for development ; Private sector ; Smallholders ; Business models ; Commercialization ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Innovation scaling / Africa / Ethiopia / Ghana / Mali / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051386)
(4.91 MB)
12 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2023. Scaling solar-based irrigation bundles in Ethiopia: a market linkage pathway. Adaptive Innovation Scaling - Pathways from Small-scale Irrigation to Sustainable Development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 20) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.227]
Solar powered irrigation systems ; Scaling up ; Markets ; Innovation adoption ; Agricultural innovation ; Small-scale irrigation ; Sustainable development ; Farmers ; Gender ; Irrigation equipment ; Technology ; Pumps ; Irrigation scheduling ; Fruits ; Vegetables ; Value chains ; Financing ; Credit sales ; Market segmentation ; Stakeholders ; Governmental organizations ; Non-governmental organizations ; Private sector ; Innovation scaling / Ethiopia / Lemo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051581)
(2.64 MB)
13 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2023. Inclusive agriculture: creating opportunities for women and youth in Mali’s irrigated vegetable value chain. Adaptive Innovation Scaling - Pathways from Small-scale Irrigation to Sustainable Development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 21) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.228]
Women ; Youth ; Social inclusion ; Gender ; Agricultural development ; Irrigated farming ; Vegetables ; Agricultural value chains ; Small-scale irrigation ; Sustainable development ; Policies ; Decentralization ; Intervention ; Climate change ; Food security ; Water resources development ; Water management ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Infrastructure ; Empowerment ; Economic growth ; Markets ; Farm income ; Financing ; Scaling ; Agricultural land ; Stakeholders ; Private sector ; Investment ; Innovation scaling / Mali
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051582)
(1.24 MB)
14 Minh, Thai Thi; Michalscheck, M.; Singh, R.; Schmitter, Petra. 2022. A guideline for the profiling of innovation bundles. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Rethinking Food Markets. 17p.
Innovation ; Guidelines ; Stakeholders ; Learning ; Strategies ; Scaling up ; Partnerships ; Innovation scaling
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051648)
(515 KB)
Innovation bundles enable different innovations to complement one another and adapt to new contexts they are being introduced. The scalability of a bundle is measured by its ability to adapt to the context in which it is being scaled, respond positively to any system changes, and bring about intended outcomes. Profiling innovation bundles helps to assess the scalability of an innovation bundle to design the best-fit scaling strategies. Innovation bundle profiling includes but is not limited to 1) characterizing the innovation bundle, 2) assessing and enhancing the bundle’s scalability and identifying partnerships to scale the bundle, 3) providing foundation and inputs to design the scaling actions and learning and synergies across work packages, and 4) enhancing reflexivity of the intervention process to ensure that the bundling innovation is participatory, that there are ambassadors of the innovation bundling process, and that financial and human resources are dedicated to the scaling process.
15 Minh, Thai Thi; Ofosu, Abena. 2022. Solar-based irrigation bundle profile and scaling in Ghana. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Mixed Farming Systems. 27p.
Solar powered irrigation systems ; Scaling up ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Stakeholders ; Strategies ; Innovation scaling / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051649)
(1.37 MB)
There are solutions to sustainable intensification, irrigation technologies, and water management under changing weather and climate conditions; they are just not available to smallholder farmers and vulnerable groups on a large scale. Scaling these solutions, therefore, needs to develop bundles of best-fit solutions to diversify farming and farmer conditions and adapt them to the context of irrigated farming. Throughout the action research process, solar-based irrigation bundle (SBIB) has been scaled in Upper East, Upper West, Northern, Northeast, and Savanah region, Ghana since January 2020. SBIB offers solar-powered irrigation pumps and pay-as-you-go and pay-as-you-own (PAYGO/PAYOWN) financing services to smallholder farmers in combination with tailoring their business models to different client segments (ability to pay, frequency, amount) to lower the barrier for upfront investment cost, enabling solar irrigation adoption and enhancing productivity and income throughout the year. This SBIB profile consists of three components: 1) bundle components and characteristics, 2) assessing the scalability and scaling potential of the bundle, and 3) developing scaling strategies.
16 Minh, Thai Thi. 2022. Monitoring, evaluation, learning and impact assessment and scaling preparedness and action (MELIA&SPA): a process-based framework. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Rethinking Food Markets. 13p.
Monitoring and evaluation ; Learning ; Impact assessment ; Scaling up ; Frameworks ; Stakeholders ; Markets ; Value chains ; Innovation scaling
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051650)
(1.07 MB)
Focusing on bundling innovations to co-develop scalable bundles, the Rethinking Food Markets and VCs for Inclusion and Sustainability Initiative develops and applies its monitoring, evaluation, learning and impact assessment, and scaling preparedness and action (MELIA&SPA) framework from a process-based perspective. This MELIA&SPA framework aims to co-developing the scaling preparedness to enhance the scalability of the bundle, and to build market actors’ and relevant stakeholders’ ability to adopt innovation bundles and accelerate the scaling while responding effectively to changes and trade-offs coming. To achieve these, the MELIA (monitoring, evaluation, learning, and impact assessment) emphasizes ensuring the initiative’s impacts on malnutrition reduction, food safety, income and job, small producers’ livelihood, social and gender inclusion, GHG emissions, climate adaptation, and sustainable land and water resources. The SPA (scaling preparedness and actions) enhances the scalability and accelerate the scale of the innovation bundles developed by the Work packages (WPs). The SPA contains exploring intervention and scaling context and options for the piloted innovation bundles, co-designing the piloted innovation bundles with and for the value chain actors, and codeveloping the scaling preparedness and strategies to build the ability for market actors and relevant stakeholders to adopt and accelerate the investment in scalable innovation bundles.
17 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2023. Scaling solar-based irrigation in Ghana’s Upper East Region: a demand-supply linkage approach. Adaptive Innovation Scaling - Pathways from Small-scale Irrigation to Sustainable Development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 22) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2023.201]
Solar powered irrigation systems ; Innovation scaling ; Supply and demand ; Innovation adoption ; Small-scale irrigation ; Sustainable development ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Technology ; Pumps ; Agricultural productivity ; Irrigated farming ; Vegetables ; Agricultural value chains ; Financing ; Business models ; Market segmentation ; Marketing ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Women ; Youth ; Private sector ; Investment ; Inclusion ; Groundwater ; Water management ; Climate change ; Poverty reduction ; Collective action ; Outreach / Ghana / Upper East Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051679)
(1.05 MB)
18 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2023. Scaling best-fit irrigation bundles in Mali: a pathway for improved development outcomes. Adaptive Innovation Scaling - Pathways from Small-scale Irrigation to Sustainable Development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 23) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2023.206]
Small-scale irrigation ; Innovation scaling ; Sustainable development ; Vegetables ; Agricultural value chains ; Crop production ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation practices ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Technology ; Innovation adoption ; Solar powered irrigation systems ; Irrigation equipment ; Pumps ; Water storage ; Agricultural resources ; Women farmers ; Agricultural extension ; Farm income ; Market access ; Marketing channels ; Profitability ; Investment ; Financing ; Credit ; Stakeholders ; Social inclusion ; Food security ; Non-governmental organizations / Mali / Sikasso / Koutiala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051828)
(3.34 MB)
19 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2023. Sustainable and inclusive scaling of irrigation technologies and services in Ethiopia. Adaptive Innovation Scaling - Pathways from Small-scale Irrigation to Sustainable Development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 24) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2023.207]
Small-scale irrigation ; Technology ; Innovation scaling ; Sustainable development ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Agricultural water management ; Water policies ; Agricultural financial policy ; Regulations ; Strategies ; Irrigated farming ; Supply chains ; Value chains ; Social inclusion ; Gender ; Women ; Youth ; Stakeholders ; Private sector ; Informal organizations ; Partnerships ; Intervention / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051829)
(2.47 MB)
20 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2023. Enhancing gender and youth inclusion in Ghana’s irrigated vegetable value chain. Adaptive Innovation Scaling - Pathways from Small-scale Irrigation to Sustainable Development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 26) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2023.210]
Gender ; Youth ; Inclusion ; Irrigated farming ; Vegetable growing ; Agricultural value chains ; Innovation scaling ; Small-scale irrigation ; Sustainable development ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Women farmers ; Employment ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Institutions ; Non-governmental organizations ; Governmental organizations ; Policies ; Regulations ; Strategies ; Intervention ; Learning ; Collaboration ; Integrated water resources management ; Water user associations ; Agricultural development ; Project design ; Financing / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051895)
(3.60 MB)
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