Your search found 10 records
1 Villholth, Karen; Manamperi, Athula; Buergi, N. 2006. Chemical characteristics of tsunami-affected groundwater and lagoon on the East Coast of Sri Lanka. In Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). Sustainable development of water resources, water supply and environmental sanitation: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 13th - 17th November 2006. Preprints. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) pp.707-713.
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Salinity ; Wells ; Nitrates ; Phosphates ; Rain ; Catchment areas ; Lagoons ; Coastal area ; Tsunamis / Sri Lanka / Batticaloa District / Ampara District / Kallady / Kaluthavalai / Oluvil
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9104 G744 VIL, 333.91 G000 WAT Record No: H039640)
2 Samanraja, N. S. P.; Bandara, N. J. G. J. 2005. Effect of soild waste landfills on groundwater quality. In Galagedara, L. W. (Ed.). Water resources research in Sri Lanka: Symposium Proceedings of the Water Professional’s Day 2005. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: PGIA. pp.179-187.
Landfills ; Water pollution ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Heavy metals ; Nitrates ; Phosphates ; Leachates ; Analysis ; Pollution control / Sri Lanka / Colombo District / Gampaha District / Kalutara District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 GAL Record No: H040715)
3 Haugen, H. M. 2007. The right to self determination and natural resources: the case of Western Sahara. Law, Environment and Development Journal, 3(1): 70-81.
Natural resources ; Resource management ; Phosphates ; Fisheries ; Oils ; Gases ; Legal aspects / Africa / Western Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041211)
4 Young, S. M.; Pitawala, A.; Gunatilake, J. 2010. Fate of phosphate and nitrate in waters of an intensive agricultural area in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Paddy and Water Environment, 8(1):71-79. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-009-0186-6]
Phosphates ; Nitrates ; Nutrients ; Water quality ; Groundwater ; Surface water ; Fertilizers ; Intensive farming ; Wells ; Canals ; Arid zones / Sri Lanka / Dry Zone
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042967)
(0.42 MB)
The chemistry of surface waters and groundwater draining agricultural catchments in the north-central and northwestern areas of Sri Lanka is described. Hydrochemical data from 296 water samples are used to evaluate water quality and to identify the processes that control nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the water. The results indicate that nutrient concentrations in the groundwaters are greater than those in the surface waters. Increased nutrient levels were observed in groundwater in a selected area in the fortnight following fertilizer application. Detailed geochemical investigations of selected groundwater samples reveal a gradual rise of nitrate–N and other solutes along the horizontal flow direction. Compared to the application rates of fertilizer in the area, the average nutrient concentrations in all waters are relatively low (1.5 mg/l nitrate and 0.5 mg/l phosphate) and stable. The results suggest that prevailing reducing conditions, iron-rich overburden soil cover and manmade canal networks control nutrient accumulation in the groundwater.
5 Noble, Andrew; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Manthrithilake, Herath; Arasalingam, Sutharsiny. 2014. Review of literature on chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 41p. (IWMI Working Paper 158) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.206]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Aetiology ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Groundwater ; Contamination ; Arsenic ; Toxicity ; Cadmium ; Phosphates ; Fluorides ; Aluminium ; Agrochemicals ; Health hazards ; Food chains ; Farmers ; Wells ; Literature ; Research / Sri Lanka / Medawachchiya / Anuradhapura
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046435)
(679.55 KB)
This manuscript undertakes a review of current published information (peer-reviewed and grey literature) on Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. It attempts to provide an overview of the possible environmentally-induced causal factors that have been implicated in the development of the disease, and identifies the gaps in research and recommends potential areas for future research. The review specifically captures the potential role that agriculture and water resources may play as causal factors in the development of the disease, and calls for a systematic approach and stresses the need for an integrated multi-disciplinary research effort to address the problem.
6 Amarathunga, A. A. D.; Sureshkumar, N. 2013. An assessment of the water quality in major streams of the Madu Ganga catchment and pollution loads draining into the Madu Ganga from its own catchment. Journal of the National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency of Sri Lanka, 42:27-46.
Water quality ; Rivers ; Water pollution ; Pollutant load ; Freshwater ; Catchment areas ; Lagoons ; Surface water ; Nutrients ; Nitrate nitrogen ; Ammonia nitrogen ; Phosphates ; Turbidity ; Sedimentary materials ; Rain ; Land use / Sri Lanka / Galle / Madu Ganga / Lenagala Ela / Arawavilla Ela / Bogaha Ela / Magala Ela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8157 Record No: H047151)
(2.87 MB)
The Madu Ganga Lagoon is located in the Southern Coast, Northwest of the city of Galle within the Galle District. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pollution status of the lagoon and the contribution of the land base pollutants from the catchment of the Madu Ganga. Selected water quality parameters were measured at monthly intervals at twelve sampling locations in the catchment. Certain parameters such as salinity (2.2 ± 1.7 ppt), oil & grease (8.5 ± 6.5 mg/L), total suspended solids (16.1 ± 12.3 mg/L), and turbidity (20.1 ± 12.5 NTU) are found to be elevated levels when compared with water quality standards. The study revealed that the Lenagala Ela brought a high nutrient load (426.7 kg/day) into Madu Ganga and Arawavilla Ela, Magala Ela and Bogaha Ela also contributed significantly. The highest nutrient loads were found with the onset of the Northeast Monsoon during November to January. The increase in nutrient loads is attributed to the fertilizers added to the soil with the commencement of the major paddy cultivation season.
7 Khadse, G. K.; Patni, P. M.; Labhasetwar, P. K. 2016. Water quality assessment of Chenab River and its tributaries in Jammu Kashmir (India) based on WQI [Water Quality Index]. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2(2):121-126. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-016-0046-7]
Water quality ; Water pollution ; Assessment ; Rivers ; Tributaries ; Bacteriological analysis ; Chemicophysical properties ; Faecal coliforms ; pH ; Turbidity ; Dissolved oxygen ; Nitrates ; Total dissolved solids ; Phosphates / India / Jammu and Kashmir / Chenab River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047910)
(1.06 MB)
An assessment of the water quality has been carried out to explore the water quality index (WQI) of Chenab river and its tributaries in Jammu Kashmir (India). Fourteen water samples from Chenab river and its tributaries at various locations were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. Nine parameters i.e. BOD, DO, fecal coliforms, nitrate, pH, temperature change, TDS, total phosphate and turbidity were considered for calculating the WQI based on National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) information system. The WQI showed good water quality, except Bichleri stream water indicating that water of Chenab river and its tributaries are least polluted and is suitable for drinking after conventional treatment. The WQI rating of Bichleri stream water is medium as it carries wastewater and may not be useful for domestic use without treatment.
8 Bassi, N.; Kumar, M. D. 2017. Water quality index as a tool for wetland restoration. Water Policy, 19(3):390-403. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.099]
Water quality ; Monitoring ; Assessment ; Wetlands ; Lake restoration ; Water resources ; Anthropogenic factors ; Wastewater ; Pollutant load ; Faecal coliforms ; Temperature ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Turbidity ; Total dissolved solids ; Phosphates ; Nitrates ; Urban areas ; Land use / India / Delhi / Lake Bhalswa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048185)
(0.31 MB)
Worldwide, wetlands are subjected to increasing anthropogenic pressures resulting in loss of their hydrological and ecological functions. Such impacts are more pronounced in the case of wetlands in urban areas which are exposed to land use changes and increased economic activities. In many Indian cities, natural water bodies such as lakes are heavily polluted due to runoff from farmlands in urban and peri-urban areas and discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater. The major constraint for restoring such water bodies is difficulty in devising a concrete action plan for analysing different sets of water quality parameters. Hence, a water quality index (WQI), which is a tool to analyse large amounts of data on different water quality parameters, is computed for one of the biggest natural lakes in the metropolitan city of Delhi. The mean WQI of the lake was estimated to be 46.27, which indicates a high level of water pollution. The paper discusses how these findings can be used for informing policies on management of wetlands. The paper also suggests establishment of a community based water quality monitoring and surveillance system, backed by infrastructural support from the State, in order to restore the wetlands in urban areas.
9 Mudaly, L.; van der Laan, M. 2020. Interactions between irrigated agriculture and surface water quality with a focus on phosphate and nitrate in the Middle Olifants Catchment, South Africa. Sustainability, 12(11):4370. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114370]
Irrigated farming ; Surface water ; Water quality ; Nutrients ; Phosphates ; Nitrates ; Catchment areas ; Eutrophication ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation canals ; Drainage canals ; Sediment ; Pollution ; Wastewater treatment ; Rivers ; Reservoirs ; Rain ; Monitoring ; Electrical conductivity / South Africa / Olifants River Catchment / Loskop Dam / Flag Boshielo Dam / Elands River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049999)
(5.83 MB) (5.83 MB)
Little is understood on the interaction between irrigated agriculture and surface water quality in South African catchments. A case study was conducted on the Middle Olifants Catchment, which contains the second largest irrigation scheme in South Africa. Dams, rivers, irrigation canals, and drainage canals were sampled between the Loskop and Flag Boshielo Dams. Results were compared to historical water quality monitoring data from the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). While DWS data indicate that phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) does not pose a eutrophication risk, our monitored data were above the eutrophication threshold for the majority of the sampling period. In general, phosphorus (P) pollution is a bigger issue than nitrogen (N), and concentrations of these nutrients tend to be higher during the summer rainfall months, potentially indicating a link to agriculture and fertilization events. We estimated that waste water treatment works (WWTW), which are currently systematically failing in South Africa, have the potential to pollute as much P as irrigated agriculture. Electrical conductivity levels increased downstream, moving from the acceptable towards the tolerable category, while the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) presents a moderate risk of infiltrability problems. The pH values were generally in the ideal range. This study has highlighted existing and looming water quality issues for irrigation and the environment in the Middle Olifants. Similar scoping studies are recommended for other intensively-irrigated catchments in the region to identify issues and allow timely intervention.
10 Ali, M.; Hong, P.-Y.; Mishra, H.; Vrouwenvelder, J.; Saikaly, P. E. 2022. Adopting the circular model: opportunities and challenges of transforming wastewater treatment plants into resource recovery factories in Saudi Arabia. Water Reuse, 12(3):346-365. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2022.038]
Circular economy ; Models ; Resource recovery ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Water reuse ; Freshwater ; Municipal wastewater ; Water resources ; Water scarcity ; Water demand ; Technology ; Sludge ; Seawater ; Bioplastics ; Cellulose ; Ammonium ; Phosphates ; Infrastructure / Saudi Arabia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051475)
https://iwaponline.com/jwrd/article-pdf/12/3/346/1113980/jwrd0120346.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051475.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051475.pdf
(1.28 MB) (1.28 MB)
With the ever-growing population, water, energy, and resources need to be used carefully, reused, and renewed. There is an increasing global interest in resource recovery from ‘waste’, which is driven by sustainability and environmental concerns and motivated by the potential for economic benefits. A new era in waste (water) management is being realized where wastewater treatment is becoming part of the circular economy by integrating the production of reusable water with energy and resource recovery. In this new perspective, wastewater is no longer seen as a waste to be treated with energy expenditure but rather as a valuable source of freshwater, energy, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous), and materials (e.g., bioplastics, cellulose fibres, and alginate). In this review paper, the conversion of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into resource recovery factories (RRFs) is presented as one of the ways forward to achieve a circular economy in the water sector for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The advanced technologies, some highlighted in the article, can be installed, integrated, or retrofitted into existing WWTPs to create RRFs enabling the recovery of freshwater, cellulose, alginate-like exopolymers (bio-ALE), and biogas from municipal wastewater achieving climate neutrality, decarbonization, and production of new and promising resources. The article highlights the need for modular, adaptive, and/or decentralized approaches using sustainable technologies such as aerobic granular sludge (AGS)-gravity-driven membrane (AGS-GDM), anaerobic electrochemical membrane bioreactor (AnEMBR), and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for conducive localized water reuse. The increase in reuse will reduce the pressure on non-renewable water resources and decrease dependency on the energy-intensive desalination process. This article also outlines the water challenges that are arising in KSA and what are the major water research programmes/themes undertaken to address these major challenges.
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