Your search found 5 records
1 Dhaubanjar, S.; Davidsen, C.; Bauer-Gottwein, P. 2017. Multi-objective optimization for analysis of changing trade-offs in the Nepalese water–energy–food nexus with hydropower development. Water, 9(3):1-26. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w9030162]
Water resources ; Water management ; Energy generation ; Water power ; Energy demand ; Food production ; Irrigation water ; Rivers ; Flow discharge ; Reservoir storage ; Environmental flows ; Decision making ; Optimization methods ; Linear programming ; Models / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048509)
(6.94 MB) (6.94 MB)
While the water–energy–food nexus approach is becoming increasingly important for more efficient resource utilization and economic development, limited quantitative tools are available to incorporate the approach in decision-making. We propose a spatially explicit framework that couples two well-established water and power system models to develop a decision support tool combining multiple nexus objectives in a linear objective function. To demonstrate our framework, we compare eight Nepalese power development scenarios based on five nexus objectives: minimization of power deficit, maintenance of water availability for irrigation to support food self-sufficiency, reduction in flood risk, maintenance of environmental flows, and maximization of power export. The deterministic multi-objective optimization model is spatially resolved to enable realistic representation of the nexus linkages and accounts for power transmission constraints using an optimal power flow approach. Basin inflows, hydropower plant specifications, reservoir characteristics, reservoir rules, irrigation water demand, environmental flow requirements, power demand, and transmission line properties are provided as model inputs. The trade-offs and synergies among these objectives were visualized for each scenario under multiple environmental flow and power demand requirements. Spatially disaggregated model outputs allowed for the comparison of scenarios not only based on fulfillment of nexus objectives but also scenario compatibility with existing infrastructure, supporting the identification of projects that enhance overall system efficiency. Though the model is applied to the Nepalese nexus from a power development perspective here, it can be extended and adapted for other problems.
2 Jibesh Kumar, K. C.; Dhaubanjar, S.; Pandey, Vishnu P.; Subedi, R. 2021. Water balance component analysis of a spring catchment of western Nepal. Banko Janakari, 31(1):23-32. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v31i1.37341]
Water balance ; Catchment areas ; Water springs ; Watersheds ; Climate change ; Forecasting ; Discharges ; Hydrology ; Models ; Land use ; Land cover ; Evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Temperature / Nepal / Baitadi / Sikharpur Micro-Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050501)
https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/BANKO/article/view/37341/28908
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050501.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050501.pdf
(2.06 MB) (2.06 MB)
Springs in the mountains and hills are getting affected by both climatic and non-climatic changes. Hydrologic models are used to simulate the response of spring systems to the changes; however, only a limited number of studies using the hydrologic modeling approach have been accomplished on studying springs and spring-dominated watersheds in Nepal. This research aimed at understanding changing hydrological processes through hydrologic modeling in a spring catchment. A micro-catchment named 'Sikharpur' of West Seti watershed of Nepal was selected to get insights into the process influencing the spring system. The RRAWFLOW models with gamma distribution and time variant IRFs were calibrated and validated for the catchment to get the best fit model. The discharge was simulated according to the future projected climate scenarios. Then, a water balance was assessed for the micro-catchment. The results showed that understanding of likely response of hydrologic variables to potential future climate scenarios is critical for water resource management. It was estimated that the spring discharge would be decreased by more than 40 percentage after 50 years mainly due to the increase in evapo-transpiration (91.47% of the precipitation). Evapo-transpiration was found as a major hydrologic process impacting upon water balance in the spring catchment; therefore, its management for better spring resource conservation is recommended by considering high evapo-transpiration months, water deficient period and crop factor. The change in the storage was observed to be 51.78%; so, detail isotopic analysis and long-term monitoring of water balance is required for further characterization of water balance components.
3 Bogardi, J. J.; Bharati, Luna; Foster, S.; Dhaubanjar, S.. 2021. Water and its management: dependence, linkages and challenges. In Bogardi, J. J.; Gupta, J.; Nandalal, K. D. W.; Salame, L.; van Nooijen, R. R. P.; Kumar, N.; Tingsanchali, T.; Bhaduri, A.; Kolechkina, A. G. (Eds.). Handbook of water resources management: discourses, concepts and examples. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.41-85. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60147-8_3]
Water resource management ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Hydrological cycle ; Water balance ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Aquifers ; Water quality ; Water governance ; Water use ; Climate change ; Modelling
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050612)
(2.71 MB)
This chapter highlights the key dependences, linkages and challenges of water resources management. (Many of these issues discussed are revisited and illustrated in the following chapters.) The first part introduces surface and groundwater management in the terrestrial part of the water cycle. Comprehensive presentations of key hydrological phenomena and processes, monitoring, assessment and control are followed by overviews of dependences, linkages and challenges. The manifold facets of intensive human/resource interaction and inherent threats to the resources base are exposed. Both sections present examples illustrating differing contexts and options for solution. The second part summarizes the main drivers and challenges of contemporary water resources management and governance. It provides a critical overview of different water discourses in recent decades. The role of benchmark and recurring water events, their declarations and intergovernmental resolutions are analyzed, and the key concepts and methods of implementation are discussed.
4 Orr, A.; Ahmad, B.; Alam, U.; Appadurai, A. N.; Bharucha, Z. P.; Biemans, H.; Bolch, T.; Chaulagain, N. P.; Dhaubanjar, S.; Dimri, A. P.; Dixon, H.; Fowler, H. J.; Gioli, G.; Halvorson, S. J.; Hussain, A.; Jeelani, G.; Kamal, S.; Khalid, I. S.; Liu, S.; Lutz, A.; Mehra, M. K.; Miles, E.; Momblanch, A.; Muccione, V.; Mukherji, Aditi; Mustafa, D.; Najmuddin, O.; Nasimi, M. N.; Nusser, M.; Pandey, V. P.; Parveen, S.; Pellicciotti, F.; Pollino, C.; Potter, E.; Qazizada, M. R.; Ray, S.; Romshoo, S.; Sarkar, S. K.; Sawas, A.; Sen, S.; Shah, A.; Ali Shah, M. Azeem; Shea, J. M.; Sheikh, A. T.; Shrestha, A. B.; Tayal, S.; Tigala, S.; Virk, Z. T.; Wester, P.; Wescoat, J. L. Jr. 2022. Knowledge priorities on climate change and water in the Upper Indus Basin: a horizon scanning exercise to identify the top 100 research questions in social and natural sciences. Earth's Future, 10(4):e2021EF002619. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002619]
Climate change adaptation ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water availability ; River basins ; Governance ; Policies ; Sustainability ; Livelihoods ; Vulnerability ; Poverty ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Gender ; Agriculture ; Natural disasters ; Hydroclimatology ; Ecosystems ; Glaciers ; Mountains / Pakistan / India / China / Afghanistan / Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalaya Region / Upper Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051443)
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2021EF002619
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051443.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051443.pdf
(2.20 MB) (2.20 MB)
River systems originating from the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) are dominated by runoff from snow and glacier melt and summer monsoonal rainfall. These water resources are highly stressed as huge populations of people living in this region depend on them, including for agriculture, domestic use, and energy production. Projections suggest that the UIB region will be affected by considerable (yet poorly quantified) changes to the seasonality and composition of runoff in the future, which are likely to have considerable impacts on these supplies. Given how directly and indirectly communities and ecosystems are dependent on these resources and the growing pressure on them due to ever-increasing demands, the impacts of climate change pose considerable adaptation challenges. The strong linkages between hydroclimate, cryosphere, water resources, and human activities within the UIB suggest that a multi- and inter-disciplinary research approach integrating the social and natural/environmental sciences is critical for successful adaptation to ongoing and future hydrological and climate change. Here we use a horizon scanning technique to identify the Top 100 questions related to the most pressing knowledge gaps and research priorities in social and natural sciences on climate change and water in the UIB. These questions are on the margins of current thinking and investigation and are clustered into 14 themes, covering three overarching topics of “governance, policy, and sustainable solutions”, “socioeconomic processes and livelihoods”, and “integrated Earth System processes”. Raising awareness of these cutting-edge knowledge gaps and opportunities will hopefully encourage researchers, funding bodies, practitioners, and policy makers to address them.
5 Smolenaars, W. J.; Jamil, M. K.; Dhaubanjar, S.; Lutz, A. F.; Immerzeel, W.; Ludwig, F.; Biemans, H. 2023. Exploring the potential of agricultural system change as an integrated adaptation strategy for water and food security in the Indus Basin. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 36p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03245-6]
Farming systems ; Strategies ; Food security ; Water security ; Water demand ; Population growth ; Climate change ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Policies ; Agricultural development ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Food production ; Drought stress ; Hydrological modelling ; Surface water ; Land use ; Water use / Pakistan / India / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051867)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10668-023-03245-6.pdf?pdf=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051867.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051867.pdf
(6.50 MB) (6.50 MB)
Water security and food security in the Indus basin are highly interlinked and subject to severe stresses. Irrigation water demands presently already exceed what the basin can sustainably provide, but per-capita food availability remains limited. Rapid population growth and climate change are projected to further intensify pressure on the interdependencies between water and food security. The agricultural system of the Indus basin must therefore change and adapt to be able to achieve the associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The development of robust policies to guide such changes requires a thorough understanding of the synergies and trade-offs that different strategies for agricultural development may have for water and food security. In this study, we defined three contrasting trajectories for agricultural system change based on a review of scientific literature on regional agricultural developments and a stakeholder consultation workshop. We assessed the consequences of these trajectories for water and food security with a spatially explicit modeling framework for two scenarios of climatic and socio-economic change over the period 1980–2080. Our results demonstrate that agricultural system changes can ensure per capita food production in the basin remains sufficient under population growth. However, such changes require additional irrigation water resources and may strongly aggravate water stress. Conversely, a shift to sustainable water management can reduce water stress but has the consequence that basin-level food self-sufficiency may not be feasible in future. This suggests that biophysical limits likely exist that prevent agricultural system changes to ensure both sufficient food production and improve water security in the Indus basin under strong population growth. Our study concludes that agricultural system changes are an important adaptation mechanism toward achieving water and food SDGs, but must be developed alongside other strategies that can mitigate its adverse trade-offs.
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