Your search found 62 records
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046879)
(1.52 MB) (1.52 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.34 G000 ISM Record No: H046897)
(0.51 MB)
3 Chinh, N. C.; Clarke, Y.; Manh, N. H.; Lebel, L.; Boontaveeyuwat, S.; Sophat, S.; Sinh, B. T.; Khiem, N. T. 2014. Communicating water-related climate change risks: lessons from a multitool and multi-country study in the Mekong region. In Lebel, L.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Krittasudthacheewa, C.; Daniel, R. (Eds.). Climate risks, regional integration and sustainability in the Mekong region. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRDC); Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). pp.183-200.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI, e-copy SF Record No: H046917)
(1.87 MB)
4 Sahni, P.; Ariyabandu, M. M. (Eds.) 2003. Disaster risk reduction in South Asia. New Delhi, India: Prentice-Hall of India. 372p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.348 G570 SAH Record No: H047086)
(0.40 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047186)
(1.32 MB)
The Indian Ocean Tsunami of December 26, 2004 devastated coastal ecosystems across South Asia. Along the coastal regions of South India, increased groundwater levels (GWL), largely caused by saltwater intrusion, infiltration from inundated land, and disturbance of freshwater lenses, were reported. Many agencies allocated funding for restoration and rehabilitation projects. However, to streamline funding allocation efforts, district-level groundwater inundation/recession data would have been a useful tool for planners. Thus, to ensure better preparedness for future disaster relief operations, it is crucial to quantify pre- and post-tsunami groundwater levels across coastal districts in India. Since regional scale GWL field observations are not often available, this study instead used space gravimetry data from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), along with soil moisture data from the Global Land Data Assimilation Systems (GLDAS), to quantify GWL fluctuations caused by the tsunami. A time-series analysis of equivalent groundwater thickness was developed for February 2004–December 2005 and the results indicated a net increase of 274 % in GWLs along coastal regions in Tamil Nadu following the tsunami. The net recharge volume of groundwater due to the tsunami was 16.8 km3, just 15 % lower than the total annual groundwater recharge (19.8 km3) for the state of Tamil Nadu. Additionally, GWLs returned to average within 3 months following the tsunami. The analysis demonstrated the utility of remotely sensed data in predicting and assessing the impacts of natural disasters.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047188)
(1.09 MB)
The paper presents a moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) time-series imagery-based algorithm for detection and mapping of seasonal and annual changes in flood extent, and tests this using the flooding of the Indus River Basin in 2010 – one of the greatest recent disasters that affected more than 25 million people in Pakistan. The algorithm was applied to produce inundation maps for 10 annual flood seasons over the period from 2000 to 2011. The MODIS flood products were validated in comparison with advanced land observing system (ALOS) sensors, which have both advanced visible and near infrared radiometer and phased array type L-band synthetic images using the flood fraction comparison method. A simple threshold method is created to cluster the data to identify the flood pixels in the imagery. Calculations are then made to estimate a flood area for each resolution. A statistical study is performed to analyze false positive and false negative rates using the ALOS sensors as ‘ground truth’. Comparison of two flood products at a grid size of 10 km resulted in the coefficient of determination range of 0.72–0.97. This research points to a relevant spatial resolution that could be effectively used to obtain accurate mapped products of the extent of the inundated area. The approach can be used to quantify the damage caused by floods.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047428)
(0.22 MB)
The paper argues for an integrated approach to the management of water-related disasters that becomes a full part of the political decision-making process at the earliest possible moment and focuses on preparedness, mitigating their negative impacts and also considering their positive impacts, particularly those of floods. By doing this, there is an opportunity to consider the three pillars of sustainable development, and understand the options that exist and the trade-offs that may need to be made between economic efficiency, environmental sustainability and social equity. Within the post-2015 agenda, water-related disasters are addressed by targets under a number of different Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As climate change becomes an ever-more-present reality, whose impacts are often experienced through water-related disasters such as floods and droughts, there is an urgent need to build disaster-resilient societies through more integrated policies and practices, including stakeholders’ perspectives and a partnership approach. The paper provides stakeholder perspectives and approaches from around the world that are putting these ideas into practice.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 025.32 G000 KUR Record No: H047608)
(0.37 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.927 G000 IND Record No: H047643)
(0.30 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047668)
(0.26 MB)
A large number of farmers’ livelihoods are susceptible to cyclones and floods, and farmers are taking up several adaptation mechanisms. Previous studies, therefore, have examined determinants of various adaptation options and provide policy suggestions to promote a specific one. However, options are undertaken at different points depending on the nature and intensity of extreme events. Hence, it is imperative to identify factors influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt an additional option, particularly during ex-ante and ex-post periods. This could assist policymakers to enhance various farm-level adaptation options. Using survey data from 285 farm households in cyclone-and flood-prone regions in eastern India, this study aims to assess the determinants of adaptation diversity. This study finds that the likelihood of undertaking adaptation diversity is high during the ex-post period, and cyclone-affected farmers are likely to adopt a higher number of adaptation measures. Further, size of household, farming experience, per capita income, agriculture as major source of income and crop loss compensation received are some of the important determinants. These findings emphasize the need for investments in scientific modeling for better prediction of extreme events and suggest restructuring the existing institutions to promote several farm-level adaptation measures.
11 Amarnath, Giriraj; Islam, A. K. M. S.; Shrestha, M. S. 2016. Managing variability: floods and droughts. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.71-92. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047812)
12 Price, G.; Mittra, S. 2016. Water, ecosystems and energy in South Asia making cross-border collaboration work. London, UK: The Royal Institute of International Affairs. 54p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047923)
(368 KB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630 G662 AUS Record No: H047930)
(7.05 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048005)
(1.44 MB)
South African flood risk management policy changed radically after the end of apartheid (1994), with the Disaster Management Act of 2002 promoting a modern proactive approach. However, policy document research and two case studies show an implementation deficit. The ‘crises and catalysts’ theoretical framework used to analyze flood policy evolution needs more attention to implementation issues and the learning involved. Future flood policy change in South Africa or elsewhere should ensure that the process of learning is purposefully embedded within the structures, procedures and practices that are promoted to facilitate policy implementation, rather than being left to chance.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048037)
Building climate resilience, defined as the ability to anticipate, absorb, accommodate, or recover from climate change in a timely and efficient manner, is becoming a major priority of development across multiple sectors. However, there is still no consensus on how resilience should be assessed despite the release of numerous theoretical papers on the topic. Various measurement frameworks and recommendations have emerged, but their applicability is yet to be critically assessed. Using a comprehensive review and a systematic selection approach, we review resilience assessment tools developed for the context of climate change and agricultural development, and their linkages to theoretical frameworks, with a particular focus on the choice of indicators and the scale and methods of measurement. Fifteen tools originating from diverse organizations were selected and evaluated according to a measurement framework. Our study finds that, while some of the tools remain embedded in classical approaches, by simply adding a resilience lens to previous tools and by recycling indicators, others demonstrate a true attempt to re-think in order to account for resilience dimensions. We conclude that for the use of resilience assessment tools, a major challenge is to ensure that simple and operational tools can address complexity. Full baseline should comprise both quantitative and qualitative data collection, and include more systemic indicators as well as indicators of stability and shocks. Changes should be tracked with regular monitoring and evaluation using simple tools based on key variables that capture short-term adaptive processes and changes in states, at the appropriate system level. Clear pathways to human well-being, including transformation, should be discussed through system-oriented approaches, to discard potential undesired resilient states. Finally, robust outcome and impact records from the use of these tools are needed to demonstrate whether the resilience concept is useful over time in driving development into more desirable paths.
16 Sadoff, C. W.; Muller, M. 2007. Better water resources management: reater resilience today, more effective adaptation tomorrow. Stockholm, Sweden: Global Water Partnership. 17p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048116)
(1.03 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048180)
(4 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048194)
(0.40 MB) (400 KB)
Vulnerability is the main construct in flood risk management. One of the most significant aims of flood vulnerability assessment is to make a clear association between the theoretical conceptions of flood vulnerability and the daily administrative process. Variety of approaches has been introduced to assess vulnerability therefore selection of more appropriate methodology is vital for authorities. The more accepted assessing methods can be categorized in four groups: curve method, disaster loos data method, computer modeling methods and indicator based methods. The purpose of this study is to review these methods and compare their benefits and drawbacks. The article concluded that the indicator-based approach gives more precise vision of overall flood vulnerability in each area rather than other approaches.
19 Nguimalet, C.-R. 2018. Comparison of community-based adaptation strategies for droughts and floods in Kenya and the Central African Republic. Water International, 43(2):183-204. (Special issue: Climate Change and Adaptive Water Management: Innovative Solutions from the Global South). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1393713]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048592)
(2.30 MB) (2.30 MB)
This paper discusses community-based adaptation strategies for droughts and floods in small watersheds in Kenya and the Central African Republic. Survey data on adaptation strategies and annual rainfall data in the watersheds were used to assess the occurrence of floods and droughts, and their impacts. In both areas, the main adaptation strategy for floods is temporary relocation. For droughts, changing livelihood activities was the main adaptation strategy, while relief-seeking applied to both droughts and floods. We recommend greater preparedness, capacity building, and the diversification of livelihoods as means of enhancing adaptation.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048812)
(1.19 MB)
This article discusses how key risks from extreme weather events might affect progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 11 in cities in developing countries. It outlines the magnitude of the existing shortfall in safe water and sanitation services, and how climate change will exacerbate existing problems. It argues that the performance of many governments thus far has lacked urgency and purpose. Unless governments in particular become more committed, with redoubled effort, the goals are unlikely to be achieved.
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