Your search found 4 records
1 Negera, M.; Alemu, T.; Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, Amare. 2022. Determinants of adoption of climate smart agricultural practices among farmers in Bale-Eco Region, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 8(7):E09824. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09824]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Agricultural practices ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Drought tolerance ; High yielding varieties ; Small-scale irrigation ; Integrated disease management ; Pest control ; Weed control ; Soil fertility ; Water conservation ; Climate change ; Socioeconomic environment / Ethiopia / Bale-Eco Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051313)
https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2405-8440%2822%2901112-4
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051313.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051313.pdf
(1.30 MB) (1.30 MB)
Adoption of climate smart agricultural (CSA) practices has been widely recognized as a promising and successful alternative to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change. However, their adoption among smallholder farmers remains low in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study examines factors that influence adoption and the level of adoption of multiple CSA practices, including improved agronomy, soil and water conservation, drought tolerant high yielding crop variety, small-scale irrigation, integrated disease, pest, and weed management, and integrated soil fertility management, using survey data from 404 farm households in BaleEco Region (BER), Ethiopia. The study applied a multivariate probit model for analyzing the simultaneous adoptions of multiple CSA practices, and ordered probit model for examining the factors influencing the level of adoption. The CSA practices are found to be complementary. Moreover, farmers' adoption of multiple CSA practices, as well as their intensity of adoption, is significantly influenced by the age of the household head, education, land size, household total asset value, frequency of extension contacts, farmer awareness of climate change, farmer experience with climatic shocks, parcel fertility, slope, and severity of soil erosion. The study's findings suggest that agricultural policy makers and implementers of CSA should recognize the complementarity among CSA practices in order to intensify their adoption among BER farmers and disseminate CSA practices in other parts of the country. Moreover, policymakers should consider household socio-economic, institutional, and parcel-specific factors that positively influence CSA adoption.
2 Negera, M.; Alemu, T.; Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, Amare. 2025. Impacts of climate-smart agricultural practices on farm households’ climate resilience and vulnerability in Bale-Eco Region, Ethiopia. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 27(1):2187-2216. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03962-y]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Agricultural practices ; Households ; Climate resilience ; Vulnerability / Ethiopia / Bale-Eco Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052333)
(1.51 MB)
Climate change remains a significant threat to farm households, especially in developing countries. It exacerbates their vulnerability to food insecurity by reducing agricultural productivity and raising agricultural production costs. Adoption of climate smart-agricultural (CSA) practices is a promising alternative to build resilient farm households. In this study, we assessed the impacts of adopting CSA practices on climate resilience and vulnerability among farm households in Bale-Eco Region, Ethiopia. A power calculation was used to determine the sample size, and 404 farm households were randomly selected to collect data using structured questionnaire. We estimated household climate resilience index using categorical principal component analysis, and vulnerability index using vulnerability as expected poverty approach. Endogenous switching regression model, which is conditional on the adoption of multiple CSA practices and used to control selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity, was used to assess the impacts of CSA practices on household climate resilience and vulnerability. We employed counterfactual approaches to assess the impacts. The results show that the average treatment effects for most CSA practices are statistically significant and positive for resilience, but negative for vulnerability. This provides empirical support for interventions in climate-smart agriculture, which can help farm households build resilience and reduce vulnerability. We, therefore, suggest that agricultural policies should encourage the adoption of CSA practices and provide incentive packages to farm households that promote this.
3 Negera, M.; Alemu, T.; Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, Amare. 2025. Does financial inclusion enhance farmers' resilience to climate change? Evidence from rural Ethiopia. Sustainable Development, 33(2):3008-3022. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3277]
Climate resilience ; Financial inclusion ; Climate change ; Sustainable development ; Farmers ; Rural areas ; Households ; Principal component analysis / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H053273)
(1.51 MB)
Financial inclusion is recognized as a vital driver of sustainable development and serves as a fundamental pillar of climate action. It is crucial to enhance the climate resilience of smallholder farmers in the face of severe and unpredictable climate shocks, which disproportionately affect them. However, the level of financial inclusion in Ethiopia remains low, and its impact on the climate resilience of smallholder farmers has not been thoroughly examined using rigorous model and comprehensive dataset. This study investigates the impact of financial inclusion on the climate resilience of rural households, using a large data set from the Ethiopian Socio-Economic Survey. The principal component analysis was applied to construct a climate resilience index. The financial inclusion was measured using an index that encompasses three dimensions: penetration, availability, and usage. In order to address the endogenous nature of financial inclusion, an instrumental variable approach was employed, using the distance to the nearest financial institution and religion as instrumental variables. The results demonstrated a positive and significant impact of financial inclusion on the climate resilience of rural households. Therefore, the government should strengthen the provision of essential financial and related infrastructures in rural Ethiopia to improve access to financial products and services. Furthermore, it is essential for policymakers to initiate and implement financial sector reforms that ensure the availability of affordable and tailored financial services. These reforms should also prioritize the development of climate-resilient agricultural finance, thereby contributing to the achievement of climate action goal of sustainable development.
4 Negera, M.; Dejen, Z. A.; Melaku, Dagmawi; Tegegne, Desalegn; Adamseged, Muluken Elias; Haileslassie, Amare. 2025. Agricultural productivity of solar pump and water harvesting irrigation technologies and their impacts on smallholder farmers’ income and food security: evidence from Ethiopia. Sustainability, 17(4):1486. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041486]
Agricultural productivity ; Water harvesting ; Solar powered irrigation systems ; Pumps ; Irrigation technology ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Farm income ; Food security ; Sustainable agriculture ; Benefit-cost ratio ; Cost benefit analysis ; Irrigation water / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Central Rift Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H053605)
(2.96 MB)
Irrigation plays a crucial role in enhancing food production, increasing land productivity, and improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Solar pumps and water harvesting ponds have emerged as promising technologies for sustainable agriculture for smallholders in SSA and beyond. The socio-economic impacts of these systems are less studied in the existing literature. This study examined the agricultural productivity of solar pump and water harvesting irrigation technologies and their impacts on income and food security among smallholder farmers in the Central Rift Valley, Lake Hawassa, and Upper Awash sub-basin areas in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 161 farming households that were selected randomly from woredas where solar pump and water harvesting pond irrigation systems had been implemented. The sample size was determined using the power calculation method. Bio-physical observation and measurements were also conducted at field levels. The benefit–cost ratio (BCR) and net water value (NWV) from the use of solar pump and water harvesting pond irrigations were analyzed to assess the viability of these systems. The household food consumption score (HFCS) and household dietary diversity score (HDDS) were calculated to measure food security, while the revenue from crop production was used to measure crop income. An endogenous switching regression model was applied to address the endogeneity nature of the adoption of the irrigation technologies. The counterfactual analysis, specifically the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT), was used to evaluate the impacts of the irrigation technologies on income and food security. Results indicate that the ATT of crop income, HFCS, and HDDS are positive and statistically significant, illustrating the role of these irrigation systems in enhancing smallholder farmers’ welfare. Moreover, smallholder farmers’ solar pump irrigation systems were found to be economically viable for few crops, with a BCR greater than 1.0 and an NWV ranging from 0.21 to 1.53 USD/m³. It was also found that bundling agricultural technologies with solar pump irrigation systems leads to enhanced agricultural outputs and welfare. The sustainable adoption and scale-up of these irrigation systems demand addressing technical and financial constraints, as well as input and output market challenges.
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