Your search found 20 records
1 Douthwaite, B.; Apgar, J. M.; Schwarz, A.-M.; Attwood, S.; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Clayton, T. 2017. A new professionalism for agricultural research for development. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 15(3):238-252. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2017.1314754]
Agricultural research ; Research and development ; Professionalism ; Research organizations ; CGIAR ; Research programmes ; Aquatic environment ; Agricultural systems ; Participatory approaches ; Community involvement ; Partnerships ; Stakeholders ; Scientists ; Farmers ; Capacity building ; Gender equity ; Green revolution ; Case studies ; Monitoring ; Evaluation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048130)
(1.39 MB)
There have been repeated calls for a ‘new professionalism’ for carrying out agricultural research for development since the 1990s. At the centre of these calls is a recognition that for agricultural research to support the capacities required to face global patterns of change and their implications on rural livelihoods, requires a more systemic, learning focused and reflexive practice that bridges epistemologies and methodologies. In this paper, we share learning from efforts to mainstream such an approach through a large, multi-partner CGIAR research program working in aquatic agricultural systems. We reflect on four years of implementing research in development (RinD), the program’s approach to the new professionalism. We highlight successes and challenges and describe the key characteristics that define the approach. We conclude it is possible to build a program on a broader approach that embraces multidisciplinarity and engages with stakeholders in social-ecological systems. Our experience also suggests caution is required to ensure there is the time, space and appropriate evaluation methodologies in place to appreciate outcomes different to those to which conventional agricultural research aspires.
2 Lefore, Nicole; Weight, Elizabeth; Mukhamedova, Nozilakhon. 2017. Improving gender equity in irrigation: application of a tool to promote learning and performance in Malawi and Uzbekistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 31p. (WLE Research for Development (R4D) Learning Series 6) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.217]
Research and development ; Gender equity ; Learning ; Training programmes ; Performance evaluation ; Women ; Women’s participation ; Men ; Irrigation schemes ; Participation ; Improvement ; Assessment ; On-farm production ; Agricultural extension ; Agricultural production ; Productivity ; Water management ; Water allocation ; Farmers ; Market access ; Investment ; Community involvement ; Stakeholders ; Resource management ; Decision making ; State intervention / Malawi / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048368)
(4 MB)
This paper provides a brief synthesis of research conducted on gender in irrigation, and the tools and frameworks used in the past to promote improvement for women in on-farm agricultural water management. It then presents results from the pilot of the Gender in Irrigation Learning and Improvement Tool (GILIT) in locations in Malawi and Uzbekistan in 2015. Through the results of the tool, the paper looks at benefit sharing between men and women farmers: (i) access to irrigation scheme resources (including information, for example, in the design phase; land, water and other inputs); (ii) participation in scheme management; and (iii) access to scheme benefits, including access to market information, packaging and payments. The indicators for the tool were modelled after principles reflected in existing gender policies and strategies, and intended to improve performance at field level in line with national and regional goals. The paper concludes with informal and formal constraints to gender-equitable outcomes from irrigation investments identified during the pilot, and suggests how the tool can be used by various development actors to improve the benefits for women from investments in agricultural water management.
3 CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 2018. Gender-equitable pathways to achieving sustainable agricultural intensification. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 12p. (Towards Sustainable Intensification: Insights and Solutions Brief 5) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.204]
Gender equity ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural training ; Intensification ; Role of women ; Women’s participation ; Smallholders ; Land resources ; Land access ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Market access ; Socioeconomic environment ; Participatory approaches ; Decision making ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Food production ; Income ; Ecosystem services ; Labour allocation ; Living standards
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048504)
(2 MB)
Women play an increasingly greater role in agriculture. Ensuring that they have opportunities—equal to those of men—to participate in transforming agriculture is a prerequisite for sustainable intensification. Increased gender equity in agriculture is both a practical and a social justice issue: practical because women are responsible for much of the production by smallholders; and social justice because in many cases they currently do not have rights over land and water resources, nor full access to markets, and often they do not even control the crops they produce. Strategies to promote gender equity must be tailored carefully to the social and economic context.
4 Yadav, S. S.; Lal, R. 2018. Vulnerability of women to climate change in arid and semi-arid regions: the case of India and South Asia. Journal of Arid Environments, 149:4-17. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.08.001]
Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Women's participation ; Arid zones ; Semiarid zones ; Water scarcity ; Food production ; Environmental management ; Indigenous knowledge ; Gender equity ; Living standards ; Poverty ; Public health ; Social aspects ; Mortality / South Asia / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048595)
(2.10 MB)
This article is a collation and synthesis of the literature review with the focus on the vulnerability of rural women in developing countries to climate change on the one hand and being pro-active in adapting to climate change on the other. The geographic coverage of the literature is global but with specific examples from India. The information presented in this paper is derived from diverse sources including journal articles and thematic books, and indicates severe adverse impacts not only on women's livelihood opportunities but also on exacerbating the workload and fatigue while decreasing their self esteem and forcing them to undertake some high risks and hazardous activities. The literature indicates that poverty, gender inequality, insecure land rights, heavy reliance on agriculture, less access to education and information are among the principal reasons for their vulnerability to climate change. The vulnerability is also confounded by the meager asset base, social marginalization, lack of mobility and exclusion from the decision-making processes in response to a disaster. However, the literature also shows that women are not only the passive victims of climate change but are also pro-active and agents of hope for adaptation to and mitigation of abrupt climate change. They utilize their experience and expertise to reduce the adverse impacts by adopting prudent strategies. They are also concerned about environmental issues, and are highly supportive of policies regarding environmental restoration. Large knowledge gaps exist regarding the vulnerability of women to changing and uncertain climate especially in arid regions. Authors of this article suggest some action plans and strategies to minimize vulnerability to climate change such as empowering women economically and educationally, organizing training and outreach programmes, and involving them in formal climate change mitigation and adaptation policies and programmes. Authors also outline research needed in order to identify and implement strategies regarding climate change. Collective and continuous efforts are critical to finding the sustainable solutions for this global phenomenon which is adversely impacting the most vulnerable but critically important members of the society.
5 Eastin, J. 2018. Climate change and gender equality in developing states. World Development, 107:289-305. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.021]
Climate change ; Gender equity ; Women's participation ; Human rights ; Developing countries ; Environmental effects ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Gross national product ; Agriculture ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048828)
(0.43 MB)
It is commonly accepted that women can be more vulnerable than men to the adverse environmental effects of climate change. This paper evaluates whether the unequal distribution of costs women bear as a result of climate change are reflected across broader macro-social institutions to the detriment of gender equality and women’s rights. It argues that gender disparities in climate change vulnerability not only reflect preexisting gender inequalities, they also reinforce them. Inequalities in the ownership and control of household assets and rising familial burdens due to male out-migration, declining food and water access, and increased disaster exposure can undermine women’s ability to achieve economic independence, enhance human capital, and maintain health and wellbeing. Consequences for gender equality include reductions in intra-household bargaining power, as women become less capable of generating independent revenue. Outside the home, norms of gender discrimination and gender imbalances in socio-economic status should increase as women are less able to participate in formal labor markets, join civil society organizations, or collectively mobilize for political change. The outcome of these processes can reduce a society’s level of gender equality by increasing constraints on the advancement of laws and norms that promote co-equal status. I empirically test this relationship across a sample of developing states between 1981 and 2010. The findings suggest that climate shocks and climatic disasters exert a broadly negative impact on gender equality, as deviations from long-term mean temperatures and increasing incidence of climatological and hydro-meteorological disasters are associated with declines in women’s economic and social rights. These effects appear to be most salient in states that are relatively less-democratic, with greater dependence on agriculture, and lower levels of economic development.
6 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2019. IWMI Strategy 2019-2023: innovative water solutions for sustainable development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 36p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.208]
Strategy planning ; Research institutes ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water scarcity ; Water governance ; Water security ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water policy ; Water availability ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Food systems ; Food security ; Nexus ; Digital technology ; Environmental impact assessment ; Gender equity ; Women ; Empowerment ; Partnerships ; Research and development ; Models ; Communication ; Natural resources ; Resilience ; Economic growth ; Agricultural productivity ; Poverty ; Urbanization ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Data management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049297)
(2.26 MB)
7 Aheeyar, Mohamed; de Silva, Sanjiv; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Arulingam, Indika. 2019. Unpacking barriers to socially inclusive weather index insurance: towards a framework for inclusion. Water, 11(11):2235. (Special issue: Selected Papers from 2019 World Water Week) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112235]
Weather hazards ; Agricultural insurance ; Flooding ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Gender equity ; Gender equality ; Women ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Socioeconomic environment ; Landlessness ; Strategies ; Microfinance ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Case studies ; Villages / India / Bangladesh / Bihar / Sirajganj
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049374)
(0.29 MB) (296 KB)
Floods account for a majority of disasters, especially in South Asia, where they affect 27 million people annually, causing economic losses of over US$1 billion. Climate change threatens to exacerbate these risks. Risk transfer mechanisms, such as weather index insurance (WII) may help buffer farmers against these hazards. However, WII programs struggle to attract the clients most in need of protection, including marginalized women and men. This risks re-enforcing existing inequalities and missing opportunities to promote pro-poor and gender-sensitive development. Key questions, therefore, include what factors constrain access to WIIs amongst heterogeneous communities, and how these can be addressed. This paper contributes to that end through primary data from two WII case studies (one in India, the other in Bangladesh) that identify contextual socio-economic and structural barriers to accessing WII, and strategies to overcome these. More significantly, this paper synthesizes the case study findings and those from a review of the literature on other WII initiatives into a framework to promote a systematic approach to address these challenges: an important step forward in moving from problem analysis to remedial action. The framework highlights actions across WII product design, implementation and post-implementation, to minimize risks of social exclusion in future WII schemes.
8 Shrestha, Gitta; Clement, Floriane. 2019. Unravelling gendered practices in the public water sector in Nepal. Water Policy, 21(5):1017-1033. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.238]
Water supply ; Public water ; Gender equality ; Gender equity ; Women's participation ; Water institutions ; Water user associations ; Corporate culture ; Water policy ; Decision making ; Attitudes ; Case studies / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049394)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/21/5/1017/614393/021051017.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049394.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049394.pdf
(0.22 MB) (228 KB)
Despite decades of gender mainstreaming in the water sector, a wide gap between policy commitments and outcomes remains. This study aims at offering a fresh perspective on such policy gaps, by analysing how gendered discourses, institutions and professional culture contribute to policy gaps. We rely on a conceptual framework originally developed for analysing strategic change, which is used to analyse gender in the public water sector in Nepal. Our analysis relies on a review of national water policies and a series of semi-structured interviews with male and female water professionals from several public agencies. Our findings evidence how dominant discourses, formal rules and professional culture intersect to support and reproduce hegemonic masculine attitudes and practices of water professionals. Such attitudes and practices in turn favour a technocratic implementation of policy measures. We argue that gender equality policy initiatives in the water sector have overly focused on local level formal institutions and have not adequately considered the effects of masculine discourses, norms and culture to be effective in making progress towards gender equity. We conclude with policy recommendations.
9 Leung, T. Y.; Sharma, P.; Adithipyangkul, P.; Hosie, P. 2020. Gender equity and public health outcomes: the COVID-19 experience. Journal of Business Research, 116:193-198. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.031]
Gender equity ; Public health ; Coronavirus disease ; Women's participation ; Expenditure ; Political aspects ; Economic aspects ; Population ; Health hazards
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049821)
(0.37 MB)
This paper extends the growing research on the impact of gender equity on public health outcomes using the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic as its research setting. Specifically, it introduces a conceptual model incorporating the impact of gender equity and human development on women’s representation in legislature and public health expenditure, and their combined impact with human environment (population density, aging population and urban population) on important public health outcomes in the Covid-19 context, including the total number of tests, diagnosed, active and critical cases, and deaths. Data from 210 countries shows support for many of the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model. The results provide useful insights about the factors that influence the representation of women in political systems around the world and its impact on public health outcomes. The authors also discuss implications for public health policy-makers to ensure efficient and effective delivery of public health services in future.
10 Bhattarai, B. 2020. How do gender relations shape a community’s ability to adapt to climate change? Insights from Nepal’s community forestry. Climate and Development, 12(10):876-887. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2019.1701971]
Climate change adaptation ; Gender relations ; Gender equity ; Community forestry ; Forest management ; Forest user groups ; Women ; Decision making ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Living standards ; Policies ; Political ecology ; Case studies / Nepal / Himalayan Region / Kaski
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050085)
(1.38 MB)
Despite notable policy reforms and development actions, gender inequality persists in environmental management in Nepal. In this paper, I present an in-depth case study to demonstrate how the persistence of gender-based inequality in community forestry has, or is likely to have, impacted the possibility to adapt to climate change, and then also reshape gender relations in adaptation interventions. Based on this, I argue that adaptation initiatives which rest on existing gender inequitable forest management institutions are likely to exacerbate gender-based inequality, further hampering the longer-term socio-ecological resilience. Although gender inequality is not created solely either by forestry institutions or in the institutions designed for climate adaptation, community forestry institutions are increasingly reinforcing the larger patriarchal societal structure that is deeply rooted and manifested in everyday practices. I highlight the need for both forest management and adaptation policies and practices to better recognize, appreciate and address gender inequality. In order to enhance gender-equitable adaptation to climate change, I suggest re-examining and constantly monitoring the changing gender in/equality in the existing forest management institutions and service delivery mechanisms and also adjusting adaptation planning to fully harness the potential of gender equitable forest management and climate change adaptation.
11 Lawless, S.; Cohen, P. J.; Mangubhai, S.; Kleiber, D.; Morrison, T. H. 2021. Gender equality is diluted in commitments made to small-scale fisheries. World Development, 140:105348. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105348]
Gender equality ; Small-scale fisheries ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 5 Gender equality ; Gender equity ; Women ; Strategies ; Environmental management ; Governance ; Policies ; Livelihoods ; Communities ; Nongovernmental organizations / Pacific Islands / Fiji / Solomon Islands / Vanuatu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050221)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X20304769/pdfft?md5=14344cbecec1db5a72e7f6356159a53e&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X20304769-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050221.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050221.pdf
(1.42 MB) (1.42 MB)
Gender equality is a mainstream principle of good environmental governance and sustainable development. Progress toward gender equality in the fisheries sector is critical for effective and equitable development outcomes in coastal countries. However, while commitments to gender equality have surged at global, regional and national levels, little is known about how this principle is constructed, and implemented across different geographies and contexts. Consequently, progress toward gender equality is difficult to assess and navigate. To identify influential policy instruments (n = 76), we conducted key-informant interviews with governance actors engaged in small-scale fisheries (n = 26) and gender and development (n = 9) sectors across the Pacific Islands region. We systematically analysed these instruments according to (1) representations of gender and gender equality, (2) rationales for pursing gender, and (3) gender strategies and actions. We found that fisheries policy instruments frequently narrowed the concept of gender to a focus on women, whereas gender and development policy instruments considered gender as diverse social identities, norms and relations. In fisheries policy instruments, rationales for pursuing gender equality diverged substantially yet, overall the principle was predominantly pursued for instrumental (i.e., improved environmental outcomes) rather than intrinsic (i.e., an inherent value in fairness) reasons. Over two-thirds of gender equality strategies focused on an organization’s own human resourcing and project assessments, rather than on direct action within communities, or for women and men reliant on fisheries. Our findings illustrate gender equality commitments and investments to be narrow and outdated. Critical shifts in dominant gender equality narratives and objectives, and an embrace of multi-level strategies, provide opportunities for fisheries governance and development agendas to rise to current best practice, and ultimately make meaningful (opposed to rhetorical) progress toward gender equality. The methodological approach we develop holds value for other development sectors to critically examine, and subsequently enhance, commitment toward gender equality.
12 Taron, Avinandan; Drechsel, Pay; Gebrezgabher, Solomie. 2021. Gender dimensions of solid and liquid waste management for reuse in agriculture in Asia and Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 33p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 21) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.223]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Water reuse ; Gender equity ; Social equality ; Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Agricultural value chains ; Circular economy ; Business models ; Women's participation ; Urban wastes ; Household wastes ; Faecal sludge ; Waste collection ; Recycling ; Wastewater treatment ; Organic wastes ; Composting ; Wastewater irrigation ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Health hazards ; Sanitation ; Community involvement ; Social marketing ; Entrepreneurs ; Farmers / Asia / Africa / India / Indonesia / Philippines / Vietnam / Nepal / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050720)
(978 KB)
This report examines social equality aspects related to resource recovery through solid waste composting and wastewater irrigation. The report shows that women are represented in greatest numbers at the base of the recycling chain, most often as informal waste pickers and as sorters of recyclables with limited access to resources and upward mobility. Despite a wide gender gap in the solid waste and sanitation sectors, women play a key role in both municipal waste reduction and food safety where irrigation water is unsafe. Analyzing the gender dimension is important for understanding household responses to recycling programs, differences between the formal and informal sectors as well as along the waste-to-resource value chain from collection to treatment and reuse. The report stresses the important role of women in household waste management, including waste segregation, and the power of women-dominated waste picker associations, where the informal sector plays an essential role alongside the formal sector.
13 Fabricius, C.; Novellie, P.; Ringler, C.; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; Wright, D. 2021. Resilience in agro-ecological landscapes: process principles and outcome indicators. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 36p. (WLE Legacy Series 4) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.206]
Agroecology ; Agricultural landscape ; Ecosystem resilience ; Indicators ; CGIAR ; Research programmes ; Impact assessment ; Monitoring ; Case studies ; Meta-analysis ; Sustainability ; Production systems ; Agrifood systems ; Soil management ; Agroecosystems ; Ecosystem services ; Biodiversity ; Land access ; Land rights ; Farm income ; Gender equity ; Social inclusion ; Livelihoods ; Governance ; Institutions ; Stakeholders
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050974)
(1.16 MB)
This paper explores outcome indicators and process principles to evaluate landscape resilience in agro-ecosystems, drawing on outcome indicator case studies of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). Four questions are addressed: (1) which outcome indicators and process principles feature most prominently in the seminal literature on resilient agro-ecological landscapes? (2) to what extent are these principles represented in CGIAR Outcome Impact Case Reports (OICRs) and selected peer-reviewed studies? (3) how does the use of process principles in the case studies compare to their occurrence in the theoretical literature? and (4) which process principles co-occur with related outcome indicators in the OICRs? The findings enable researchers and practitioners to be more specific about the outcomes and processes that drive resilience in agro-ecosystems, thereby informing adaptive program management. Seven novel research themes are proposed.
14 Mangubhai, S.; Lawless, S.; Cowley, A.; Mangubhai, J. P.; Williams, M. J. 2022. Progressing gender equality in fisheries by building strategic partnerships with development organisations. World Development, 158:105975. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105975]
Gender equality ; Fisheries ; Development organizations ; Gender mainstreaming ; Gender equity ; Inclusion ; Sustainable development ; Strategies ; Partnerships ; Non-governmental organizations ; Human rights ; Political attitudes ; Policies ; Empowerment ; Livelihoods ; Interdisciplinary research / Melanesia / Fiji / Solomon Islands / Vanuatu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051265)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X22001656/pdfft?md5=cb19265b59990fc5a9f8bb96230e2049&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X22001656-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051265.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051265.pdf
(1.35 MB) (1.35 MB)
Gender equality, a universal agreed principle and value, has been adopted widely but implemented to varying levels in different sectors. Our study was designed to contrast how gender development (hereafter 'development') and fisheries sectors view and invest in gender, and then explore opportunities to strengthen collaborative relationships and networks between the two, with the aim of improving capacity for gender inclusion in practice in fisheries. We conducted key informant interviews with fisheries (n = 68) and development (n = 32) practitioners (including managers) in Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu between 2018 and 2019. We found three points of divergence between fisheries and development practitioners and/or their organisations when it comes to the inclusion of gender into their work: (1) fundamental differences in organisational motivations for working on gender – (i.e., fisheries organisations viewed gender equality as a means to achieve fisheries objectives (instrumental), while development organisations viewed it as a core value or principle (inherent); (2) fisheries practitioners had comparatively little to no access to qualified gender focal points and training, and limited networks with gender experts; and (3) differences in what each considered successful versus failed approaches to gender integration. Our findings illustrate opportunities, as well as limitations or challenges (e.g. resistance and indifference), to transfer knowledge and capacity to integrate gender into fisheries policies and practice. We suggest using these divergences to ‘pivot change’ in the fisheries sector by building on decades of knowledge, learning and experience from the development sector focusing on four areas for strategic partnership: (1) shifting values; (2) gender mainstreaming; (3) adopting gender best practice; and (4) investing in gender networks and coalitions. We argue that fundamental to the success of such a partnership will be the ability and willingness of fisheries and development practitioners and their organisations to break down silos and work collaboratively towards gender equality in the fisheries sector.
15 Hagos, Fitsum; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Taron, Avinandan; Odero, J. 2022. Investment climate assessment for circular bioeconomy - review of national policies and strategies in Kenya. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Nature-Positive Solutions. 34p.
Circular economy ; Bioeconomy ; Climate ; Assessment ; Policies ; Strategies ; Regulations ; Financing ; Infrastructure ; Waste management ; Business models ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Stakeholders ; Institutions ; Funding ; Markets ; Gender equity / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051641)
(511 KB)
This study assessed the investment climate for circular bioeconomy in Kenya by reviewing the national policies, strategies and regulations, financing mechanisms, infrastructure and business environment. The study identified key gaps in these areas affecting waste management and entrepreneurship development in the circular bioeconomy sector. There are key developments at the policy level and some developments in entrepreneur promotion in resource recovery from different waste streams. The specific focus of the policies, strategies and regulations in the waste sector, lack of coordination of the relevant sectors in waste management, weak horizontal communication between sectors and implementation and compliance problems are main gaps in promoting circular bioeconomy. Absence of drastic changes in actual behaviour such as waste separation at source and lack of incentives in entrepreneurial development are also critical challenges. While addressing these gaps, the progresses identified need to be further scaled out to make waste management and circular bioeconomy in Kenya sustainable. Establishment of multiple stakeholder platforms involving key actors in the sector and enhancing awareness is important in promoting resource recovery and reuse. Promotion of incubator centres to enhance local capacity and foster uptake of resource recovery and reuse businesses is critical.
16 Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Mitra, Archisman; Osmani, Z.; Habib, A.; Mukherji, Aditi. 2023. Impact assessment of Solar Irrigation Pumps (SIPs) in Bangladesh: a baseline technical report. New Delhi, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 75p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.230]
Solar powered irrigation systems ; Pumps ; Impact assessment ; Solar energy ; Energy generation ; Gender equity ; Social inclusion ; Cropping patterns ; Irrigation practices ; Water extraction ; Tube wells ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Business models ; Tariffs ; Costs ; Tenant farmers ; Training ; Seasonal cropping ; Cultivated land ; Plot size ; Food security ; Public-private partnerships ; Villages ; Household surveys ; Socioeconomic environment ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Diesel oil / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051815)
(3.44 MB)
17 De Guzman, K.; Stone, G.; Yang, A. R.; Schaffer, K. E.; Lo, S.; Kojok, R.; Kirkpatrick, C. R.; Pozo, A. G. D.; Le, T. T.; DePledge, L.; Frost, E. L.; Kayser, G. L. 2023. Drinking water and the implications for gender equity and empowerment: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 247:114044. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114044]
Drinking water ; Gender equity ; Females ; Women’s participation ; Empowerment ; Sanitation ; Water management ; Decision making ; Water quality ; Political aspects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051779)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463922001274/pdfft?md5=d85adc28cec74dee209e7ac3f35364c2&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463922001274-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051779.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051779.pdf
(2.53 MB) (2.53 MB)
Background: Safe drinking water is a fundamental human right, yet more than 785 million people do not have access to it. The burden of water management disproportionately falls on women and young girls, and they suffer the health, psychosocial, political, educational, and economic effects. While water conditions and disease outcomes have been widely studied, few studies have summarized the research on drinking water and implications for gender equity and empowerment (GEE).
Methods: A systematic review of primary literature published between 1980 and 2019 was conducted on drinking water exposures and management and the implications for GEE. Ten databases were utilized (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, Campbell, the British Library for Development Studies, SSRN, 3ie International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, and clinicaltrials.gov). Drinking water studies with an all-female cohort or disaggregated findings according to gender were included.
Results: A total of 1280 studies were included. GEE outcomes were summarized in five areas: health, psychosocial stress, political power and decision-making, social-educational conditions, and economic and time-use conditions. Water quality exposures and implications for women's health dominated the literature reviewed. Women experienced higher rates of bladder cancer when exposed to arsenic, trihalomethanes, and chlorine in drinking water and higher rates of breast cancer due to arsenic, trichloroethylene, and disinfection byproducts in drinking water, compared to men. Women that were exposed to arsenic experienced higher incidence rates of anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to those that were not exposed. Water-related skin diseases were associated with increased levels of psychosocial stress and social ostracization among women. Women had fewer decision-making responsibilities, economic independence, and employment opportunities around water compared to men.
Conclusion: This systematic review confirms the interconnected nature of gender and WaSH outcomes. With growing attention directed towards gender equity and empowerment within WaSH, this analysis provides key insights to inform future research and policy.
Methods: A systematic review of primary literature published between 1980 and 2019 was conducted on drinking water exposures and management and the implications for GEE. Ten databases were utilized (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, Campbell, the British Library for Development Studies, SSRN, 3ie International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, and clinicaltrials.gov). Drinking water studies with an all-female cohort or disaggregated findings according to gender were included.
Results: A total of 1280 studies were included. GEE outcomes were summarized in five areas: health, psychosocial stress, political power and decision-making, social-educational conditions, and economic and time-use conditions. Water quality exposures and implications for women's health dominated the literature reviewed. Women experienced higher rates of bladder cancer when exposed to arsenic, trihalomethanes, and chlorine in drinking water and higher rates of breast cancer due to arsenic, trichloroethylene, and disinfection byproducts in drinking water, compared to men. Women that were exposed to arsenic experienced higher incidence rates of anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to those that were not exposed. Water-related skin diseases were associated with increased levels of psychosocial stress and social ostracization among women. Women had fewer decision-making responsibilities, economic independence, and employment opportunities around water compared to men.
Conclusion: This systematic review confirms the interconnected nature of gender and WaSH outcomes. With growing attention directed towards gender equity and empowerment within WaSH, this analysis provides key insights to inform future research and policy.
18 Timu, A. G.; Kramer, B. 2023. Gender-inclusive, -responsive, and -transformative agricultural insurance: a literature review. Global Food Security, 36:100672. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2023.100672]
Gender equity ; Women’s empowerment ; Agricultural insurance ; Crop insurance ; Investment ; Risk management ; Food security ; Decision making ; Institutions ; Households ; Livestock ; Case studies / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051777)
(1.58 MB)
In many low-income countries, agricultural producers face significant climate-related risks that undermine the resilience of their production and food supply systems. Agricultural insurance can help mitigate some of these risks, enabling farmers to increase farm investments, incomes, and food and nutritional security. This paper conducts a literature review to evaluate the extent to which agricultural insurance is gender-inclusive and gender-responsive (i.e., reaches and benefits both women and men), and whether there is potential for such insurance to empower women or even become gender-transformative. We find that existing agricultural insurance products are designed and delivered in ways that limit reach and benefits of insurance for women. Empirical research has focused less on the question whether insurance empowers women, let alone whether it has a transformative effect by changing institutional norms that perpetuate gender inequities. We present a case study of a crop insurance program in Kenya to discuss how agricultural insurance, if adequately designed, can have stronger impacts on gender-related outcomes. Empirically testing these approaches to agricultural insurance design is a key priority for future research.
19 Pandey, V. P.; Shrestha, Nirman; Urfels, A.; Ray, A.; Khadka, Manohara; Pavelic, Paul; McDonald, A. J.; Krupnik, T. J. 2023. Implementing conjunctive management of water resources for irrigation development: a framework applied to the Southern Plain of western Nepal. Agricultural Water Management, 283:108287. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108287]
Water resources ; Water management ; Water use ; Conjunctive use ; Irrigation systems ; Climate change ; Groundwater ; Surface water ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water productivity ; Water policies ; Food security ; Agricultural productivity ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Planning ; Strategies ; Monitoring ; Energy sources ; Water governance ; Stakeholders ; Gender equity ; Social inclusion ; Awareness ; Capacity development ; Case studies / Nepal / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051837)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037837742300152X/pdfft?md5=6f8d1ca8970d974f2d0db5580c2c4dc1&pid=1-s2.0-S037837742300152X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051837.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051837.pdf
(3.60 MB) (3.60 MB)
Climate variability and insufficient irrigation are primary constraints to stable and higher agricultural productivity and food security in Nepal. Agriculture is the largest global freshwater user, and integration of surface- and ground-water use is frequently presented as an strategy for increasing efficiency as well as climate change adaptation. However, conjunctive management (CM) planning often ignores demand-side requirements and a broader set of sustainable development considerations, including ecosystem health and economics of different development strategies. While there is generic understanding of conjunctive use, detailed technical knowhow to realize the CM is lacking in Nepal. This article presents a holistic framework through literature reviews, stakeholders consultations and expert interviews for assessing CM and implementation prospects from a systems-level perspective. We demonstrate the framework through a case study in Western Nepal, where climatic variability and a lack of irrigation are key impediments to increased agricultural productivity and sustainable development. Results show that knowledge of water resources availability is good and that of water demand low in the Western Terai. Additional and coordinated investments are required to improve knowledge gaps as well as access to irrigation. There is therefore a need to assess water resources availability, water access, use and productivity, to fill the knowledge gaps in order to pave pathways for CM. This paper also discusses some strategies to translate prospects of conjunctive management into implementation.
20 McGuire, E.; Leeuwis, C.; Rietveld, A. M.; Teeken, B. 2024. Anticipating social differentiation and unintended consequences in scaling initiatives using GenderUp, a method to support responsible scaling. Agricultural Systems, 215:103866. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.103866]
Gender equity ; Social inclusion ; Social differentiation ; Agricultural research for development ; Agricultural innovation systems ; Scaling up ; Sustainable Development Goals
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052544)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24000167/pdfft?md5=a639d31b187285c2cd46bdb1e7436441&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X24000167-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052544.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052544.pdf
(3.65 MB) (3.65 MB)
CONTEXT: A key strategy in progressing towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is scaling innovations to improve livelihoods of marginalized populations globally. Consequently, there has been a heightened emphasis on Agriculture Research for Development (AR4D) innovation teams' ability to swiftly identify innovations that can be scaled for broad impact. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the equitable distribution of benefits among different demographic groups, leading to documented unintended consequences affecting some of the most marginalized communities. To effectively contribute to the SDGs and avoid harm to specific groups, AR4D innovation teams must conscientiously consider various dimensions of diversity, including gender and other relevant factors.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to introduce GenderUp, a new conversational method for responsible scaling, oriented to making scaling initiatives more inclusive and anticipatory of socially differentiated trade-offs. This new AR4D scaling tool seeks to ensure that scaling efforts not only contribute effectively to the SDGs but also consider and mitigate unintended consequences for marginalized communities.
METHODS: This paper describes a new socially responsible scaling tool. Starting with a defined innovation, GenderUp helps: i) identify relevant diversity and intersectionality among intended innovation users; and ii) re-direct scaling strategies to better anticipate and mitigate unintended consequences for specific social groups. Through a series of five stages, a GenderUp facilitator guides teams through discussions, learning activities, and practical integration to develop a socially responsible scaling strategy. We provide details about each stage and reflect on the results of two early pilot experiences.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for increased recognition of the distribution of innovation benefits based on dimensions of diversity. GenderUp is proposed as a new method to systematically address social differentiation in the scaling of AR4D innovation. GenderUp supported two different innovation and scaling teams to rethink their scaling strategies. Both innovation teams identified at-risk intersectional profiles and made adjustments to their scaling strategies to ensure these groups were not harmed by the innovation or scaling activities. These promising examples suggest that GenderUp provides a simple ex-ante analysis that can reduce unintended consequences more broadly within AR4D.
SIGNIFICANCE: Although gender and social equity are prioritized globally there are very few experts, tools, and systems in place to achieve these cross-cutting goals. While GenderUp only addresses innovation at the scaling stage, it is a step towards systemizing responding to social differentiation within AR4D to at least do no harm, and at best improve social outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to introduce GenderUp, a new conversational method for responsible scaling, oriented to making scaling initiatives more inclusive and anticipatory of socially differentiated trade-offs. This new AR4D scaling tool seeks to ensure that scaling efforts not only contribute effectively to the SDGs but also consider and mitigate unintended consequences for marginalized communities.
METHODS: This paper describes a new socially responsible scaling tool. Starting with a defined innovation, GenderUp helps: i) identify relevant diversity and intersectionality among intended innovation users; and ii) re-direct scaling strategies to better anticipate and mitigate unintended consequences for specific social groups. Through a series of five stages, a GenderUp facilitator guides teams through discussions, learning activities, and practical integration to develop a socially responsible scaling strategy. We provide details about each stage and reflect on the results of two early pilot experiences.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for increased recognition of the distribution of innovation benefits based on dimensions of diversity. GenderUp is proposed as a new method to systematically address social differentiation in the scaling of AR4D innovation. GenderUp supported two different innovation and scaling teams to rethink their scaling strategies. Both innovation teams identified at-risk intersectional profiles and made adjustments to their scaling strategies to ensure these groups were not harmed by the innovation or scaling activities. These promising examples suggest that GenderUp provides a simple ex-ante analysis that can reduce unintended consequences more broadly within AR4D.
SIGNIFICANCE: Although gender and social equity are prioritized globally there are very few experts, tools, and systems in place to achieve these cross-cutting goals. While GenderUp only addresses innovation at the scaling stage, it is a step towards systemizing responding to social differentiation within AR4D to at least do no harm, and at best improve social outcomes.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
