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(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050107)
(3.47 MB) (3.47 MB)
Carbon footprint (CF) stands for a professional term is widely used in the public domain to cope with the threat posed by climate change. With obtained 9848 records of literature information from the database of Web of Science, a bibliometric analysis was implemented to judge the knowledge domain structure and evolution of frontiers in CF research by using the CiteSpace to make up for the lack of previous reviews. The results showed that the CF research was concentrated in the fields of Engineering, Environmental sciences ecology, Science technology other topics, Energy fuels, Computer science and Business economics, and there is a significant cooperative relationship between researchers, especially those with a high volume of publications. The regional layout of intercontinental CF research forces was Europe, North America, and Asia, while that between countries were the United States of America, China, England, Australia and Italy, specifically, the Chinese Academy of Sciences showed the core force of CF research with a high volume of publications and strong cooperation with international institutions. The debate and application of CF accounting method, Case Studies of CF for livestock and its products production, CF estimation for the final consumption of goods and services, Impact of human food consumption on the climate change, Application of Footprint Family for sustainable development, and CF estimation for household consumption and its drivers were the emerging CF research fronts in historical evolution. Therefore, the CF research has its own characteristics in terms of spatial and temporal layout, cooperation intensity and knowledge hierarchy, and the related topics of cross-application of agriculture and energy are becoming the potential frontier of future research. This work not only provides the possible innovative directions, but also a reliable reference for the rapid and comprehensive understanding of CF research for the novices.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050260)
(1.25 MB) (1.25 MB)
A review of global trends in water governance reveals a paradigm dominated by political and institutional change which becomes increasingly aligned with global shifts towards sustainability and also a rapid decline in the hydraulic mission. Closely aligned to these trends, but distinct in its own trajectory, South Africa’s water governance dynamics have evolved through a period of considerable socio-political change marked by inequitable resource allocation and water scarcity. This paper presents the results of a review of water governance research and development (R&D) trends in South Africa, aimed at informing the national funding agency – the Water Research Commission (WRC) – in its agenda-setting process for future water governance research. Through a bibliometric analysis, a data-mining exercise, and stakeholder consultations, this paper distils four key areas of focus for the future of water governance research in South Africa: (i) that future water governance research needs to be more needs-based, solution-oriented and embedded within real-life contexts; (ii) the need for a paradigm shift in water governance research to a constructive, adaptive and rapid response research agenda in an environment of increasing change and uncertainty; (iii) the need for the enabling environment to be strengthened, including acknowledgement of the role of individuals as agents of change, and the role of WRC in establishing a community of practice for water governance experts that can respond to issues with agility; and (iv) a consolidation of fragmented project-based knowledge to a programmatic approach that builds the pipeline of expertise in the water governance R&D domain.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050487)
(6.91 MB) (6.91 MB)
Water quality has always remained paramount when it comes to sustainable development. The most convenient method of determining the health of a particular water body is through water quality indexing. Based on the filtered 2049 articles published, the present review-based study was conducted for a science-based mapping to evaluate the research in the domain of water quality indexing until 2020. A three-stage sequential process; bibliometric examination, scientometric investigation, and qualitative valuation resulted in the identification of the most influential and productive journals, researchers, articles, and countries dynamic in the research field. Keyword analysis further revealed that groundwater quality assessment for drinking water has been the key focus of research among scholars. The scientometric analysis was followed by a qualitative discussion on the current topics of research; mainly categorized into four classes, i.e., specific indices, human intervention, performance assessment and emerging technologies, and also highlighting some of the significant research gaps. This was followed by presenting a research framework wherein, plausible future directives were proposed. This study thus provides a more comprehensive picture on the existing researches carried out in the domain of water quality indexing, identifying the primary gaps and thereby providing multi-disciplinary guidance for various researchers and practitioners linked to the current research to the future.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050483)
(3.27 MB)
Globally, only 3% of water is fresh water that can be directly used by people. Limited water resources threaten fields, which are closely associated with social and economic development. Water resource management is an effective way to measure the supply and demand of water resources and improve the efficiency of water resource use and equalize spatial allocation. This article retrieved 1430 water resource management articles published from 1990 to 2019 through the Web of Science Core Collection. Thematic evolution analysis, cluster analysis and SciMAT were used to identify the evolutionary path of water resource management. The results showed that the water resource management studies have increased in the past 20 years, and became a research hotspot, and the number of articles increased considerably after 2011. The water resource management research themes have mainly focused on water supply, ecosystem services, policies, and simulations. The water resource management field has six evolutionary paths in two directions. These results showed that studies on the supply and demand of water resources are the main lines of knowledge and will be research hotspots. In addition, it states that the developed and developing countries have regional differences in theme evolution. This study proposed that issues related to scale, strengthening communication and integration within disciplines, introducing new theories and methods, and sustainable use will become future research directions that require more water resource management attention.
5 He, Z.; Gong, K.; Zhang, Z.; Dong, W.; Feng, H.; Yu, Q.; He, J. 2022. What is the past, present, and future of scientific research on the Yellow River Basin? - A bibliometric analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 262:107404. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107404]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050884)
(4.84 MB)
China's Yellow River Basin (YRB) has large watershed but scarce water resources. More importantly, most parts of the YRB are located in semi-arid areas of Northwest China, where the ecology and environments are fragile. So, ecological restoration and agricultural production always are the key research topics of the YRB. However, the specific research interest of YRB changed over time and was always closely related to the implementation of government policies. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of YRB's research topics based on the methods of bibliometrics. The results showed that the number of papers about YRB’s research experienced a change from slowly increasing (1998–2010, 83 papers) to rapidly increasing (2011–2015, 128 papers), and then to exponentially rising (2016–2020, 369 papers). Secondly, the main research fields of the YRB included farming, crops, water, soil, environment, and etc. The journal of Agriculture Water Management had the highest global total citations and H-index, even local cited references were the highest among all of the reference papers about the YRB. Through summarizing the most cited papers and references, we found the most important research hotspots about the YRB were: the impacts of climate change and human activities on the amount of sediment in the YRB, the management of soil erosion and vegetation restoration in the YRB, and the relationship between crops and environment and management in the Loess Plateau of China. In addition, “Loess Plateau” was the most frequent keyword in the past ten years and the popularity of “climate change” rose sharply in the past five years. For YRB’s research in near future, how to effectively control carbon emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and carbon surplus is becoming an important implication for YRB's agricultural production and ecological restoration in the future. In general, this research is expected to promote a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the past, present and future of YRB’s research.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050967)
(35.50 MB) (35.5 MB)
Africa has a long history of novel and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks. This reality has attracted the attention of researchers interested in the general research theme of predicting infectious diseases. However, a knowledge mapping analysis of literature to reveal the research trends, gaps, and hotspots in predicting Africa’s infectious diseases using bibliometric tools has not been conducted. A bibliometric analysis of 247 published papers on predicting infectious diseases in Africa, published in the Web of Science core collection databases, is presented in this study. The results indicate that the severe outbreaks of infectious diseases in Africa have increased scientific publications during the past decade. The results also reveal that African researchers are highly underrepresented in these publications and that the United States of America (USA) is the most productive and collaborative country. The relevant hotspots in this research field include malaria, models, classification, associations, COVID-19, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, weather-based prediction using meteorological factors is an emerging theme, and very few studies have used the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies. Therefore, there is a need to explore 4IR predicting tools such as machine learning and consider integrated approaches that are pivotal to developing robust prediction systems for infectious diseases, especially in Africa. This review paper provides a useful resource for researchers, practitioners, and research funding agencies interested in the research theme—the prediction of infectious diseases in Africa—by capturing the current research hotspots and trends.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051074)
(1.85 MB)
Besides contributing majorly in the growth of a country, agriculture is one of the severely affected sectors at present. Several modifications and adaptations are being made in agricultural practices to cope-up with the declining soil fertility and changing climate scenarios across the world. However, the development and adoption of a single agricultural practice may not help in the holistic mitigation of the impacts of climate change and may result in economic vulnerability to farmers. Therefore, it is high time to develop and recommend a group of agricultural practices i.e., package-based agriculture system having some compatibility for one another in the long term. In this article, a viewpoint has been given on some emergent agronomic practices adopted in the tropical agro-ecosystems which have potential to be developed as compatible agricultural package in combination. Moreover, we also emphasized on exploring some key indicators/environmental factors to assess the compatibility of different agronomic practices. For identifying the research transition from single to combined agricultural practices, a bibliometric analysis was performed by using conservation agriculture (CA), the system of rice intensification (SRI), organic agriculture and soil (biochar) amendment as the major agronomic practices being used for improving agro-ecological services such as improving nutrient cycling, soil fertility and crop productivity as well as climate change mitigation. The results revealed that scientific communities are now paying attention to exploring the role of combined agricultural practices for agro-ecological balance and climate change adaptation. Moreover, the limitations of the adoption of agronomic packages under different agro-climatic zones have also been highlighted. The recommendations of the study would further help the environmental decision-makers to develop potential measures for climate change mitigation without compromising the agro-ecological balance.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051272)
(3.05 MB)
The technologies of the fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR/Industry 4.0) have been a technological catalyst for all fields of human endeavor, permeating the water, energy, and food (WEF) nexus. However, there is no empirical evidence of the extent of applications and the permeability level in ensuring the three resources’ security. This study explored the relationship of the fourth industrial revolution technologies and the water, energy, and food nexus by evaluating the applications of the various technologies of 4IR on WEF nexus and examined the effect of 4IR on WEF nexus. The objectives were achieved using the qualitative methodology and bibliometric analysis of content analysis. The result showed that most fourth industrial revolution technologies had not been integrated with the WEF nexus. The result showed that only the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data analytics had permeated the nexus, which shows that data of the resources will be the foundation of the nexus. The systematic collection, accuracy of data, and empirical analysis of data will determine the level of security of WEF nexus.
The qualitative results show that there are applications of the fourth industrial revolution technologies to the individual sectors of the nexus, birthing Water 4.0, Energy 4.0, and Food 4.0. The Bibliometric analysis result shows that the integration of the fourth industrial revolution with the WEF nexus will lead to cleaner production practices relating to the technological processes of water, energy, and food resources. These practices will ensure the environment's safety from WEF wastes and the water, energy, and food security in production processes. The empirical research and bibliometric analysis result, rooted in the concept of cleaner production, shows that the fourth industrial revolution affected the WEF nexus. The effects are; the birth of clean technologies & industrial applications, the catalyst for sustainability security of WEF nexus leveraging on life cycle thinking, enablement of technological transfer, enhancement of economic growth, and urban planning. The study concludes that the fourth industrial revolution technologies affect WEF nexus, ensuring the popularization of cleaner production strategies and processes of the resources during trade-offs and synergies. The study recommends the integration of a cleaner production concept in WEF processing. It should follow the innovation diffusion theory (IDT) and Technology acceptance theory (TAM) when applying 4IR technologies to the nexus of water, energy, and food resources, for their sustainable security.
9 Zwane, N.; Tazvinga, H.; Botai, C.; Murambadoro, M.; Botai, J.; de Wit, J.; Mabasa, B.; Daniel, S.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe. 2022. A bibliometric analysis of solar energy forecasting studies in Africa. Energies, 15(15):5520. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155520]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051306)
(5.56 MB) (5.56 MB)
Solar energy forecasting is considered an essential scientific aspect in supporting efforts to integrate solar energy into power grids. Moreover, solar energy forecasting plays an essential role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and conserving energy for future use. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis to assess solar energy forecasting research studies evolution at the continental (Africa) and southern Africa levels. Key aspects of analysis included (i) scientific research trends, (ii) nature of collaboration networks, (iii) co-occurrence of keywords and (iv) emerging themes in solar energy forecasting over the last two decades, between the years 2000–2021. The results indicate that solar energy forecasting research has, on average, expanded by 6.4% and 3.3% in Africa and southern Africa, respectively. Based on the study context, solar energy forecasting research only gained momentum in 2015, peaking in 2019, but it is generally still subtle. The scientific mapping illustrated that only South Africa ranks among the leading countries that have produced high numbers of published documents and also leads in contributions to the research area in both Africa and southern Africa. Three emerging topics were identified from the thematic map analysis— namely, “solar irradiance”, “artificial intelligence” and “clear sky”, which implies that researchers are paying attention to solar irradiance, using modelling techniques that incorporate machine learning techniques. Overall, this study contributes to scientific information on the potential bankability of renewable energy projects that could assist power utilities, governments and policymakers in Africa to enforce the green economy through accelerated decarbonisation of the energy systems and building relationships with developed countries for support and better transitioning to solar energy. From a Water–Energy–Food nexus perspective, the results of this work could assist the scientific community in Africa to take advantage of the inherent interconnectedness of water, energy and food resources, whilst also advancing the use of integrated solutions to shape the focus of solar energy research into a more systems thinking and transdisciplinary approach involving the interconnected primary resources and stakeholders pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051412)
(1.87 MB)
Nature-based solutions (NBS), including the protection and restoration of ecosystems, can provide a major contribution to global sustainable water resources management (WRM) in both urban and rural areas, yet the knowledge base essential for facilitating widespread uptake is lacking. The objective of this paper is to identify the main developments and trends in NBS-related research over time, including areas for future research. A bibliometric approach is used to quantitatively analyze relevant publications indexed in the Web of Science database from 1990 to 2018. The study identifies five thematic hotspots within the research landscape and several areas for future research, including the evaluation of ecosystem services provided, design and implementation at the landscape scale and consideration of cultural aspects, to push forward operationalization.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051422)
(1.26 MB)
One-fourth of the global population is without basic drinking water and half of the global population lacks sanitation facilities. The attainment of water and sanitation targets is difficult due to administrative, operational, political, transborder, technical, and policy challenges. Conducted after 5 years from the adoption of sustainable development goals by the United Nations reviews the initiatives for improving access, quality, and affordability of water and sanitation. The bibliometric and thematic analyses are conducted to consolidate the outcomes of scientific papers on sustainable development goal 6 (SDG 6). Africa is struggling in relation with water and sanitation goals, having 17 countries with less than 40% basic drinking water facilities and 16 countries with less than 40% basic sanitation facilities. Globally, the attainment of water and sanitation goals will be depended on economic development, the development of revolutionary measures for wastewater treatment, and creating awareness related to water usage, water recycling, water harvesting, hygiene, and sanitation. Behavioral changes are also required for a new water culture and the attainment of water and sanitation goals by 2030.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051595)
(1.17 MB) (1.17 MB)
Adaptive water governance plays an increasingly important role in sustainable urban development and water governance response to global climate change. To comprehensively understand the research situation and development trend of adaptive water management, this study conducts a systematic literature review of articles published in International Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) journals based on bibliometric analysis. The results show that adaptive water governance as an emerging topic of water governance has an overall growth trend in published articles. The articles on adaptive water governance mainly concentrated on the disciplines of environmental science and environmental studies. Developed countries are a hub for water governance research, and China has the sixth largest number of articles from around the world. The adaptive water governance research has formed a preliminary global collaborative network, but the authors' collaboration needs to be strengthened. The most popular topics of adaptive water governance include South Africa, adaptive management, groundwater, principal component analysis, scenario planning, the analytic hierarchy process, resources, basins, computer experiments, and technology development. This finding suggests that adaptive water governance is a critical driver for sustainable urban development and represents a critical direction in the future research of water governance.
13 Gokool, S.; Mahomed, M.; Kunz, R.; Clulow, A.; Sibanda, M.; Naiken, V.; Chetty, K.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe. 2023. Crop monitoring in smallholder farms using unmanned aerial vehicles to facilitate precision agriculture practices: a scoping review and bibliometric analysis. Sustainability, 15(4):3557. (Special issue: Advanced Technologies, Techniques and Process for the Sustainable Precision Agriculture) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043557]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051762)
(1.95 MB) (1.95 MB)
In this study, we conducted a scoping review and bibliometric analysis to evaluate the state-of-the-art regarding actual applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies to guide precision agriculture (PA) practices within smallholder farms. UAVs have emerged as one of the most promising tools to monitor crops and guide PA practices to improve agricultural productivity and promote the sustainable and optimal use of critical resources. However, there is a need to understand how and for what purposes these technologies are being applied within smallholder farms. Using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, 23 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus and Web of Science were analyzed to acquire a greater perspective on this emerging topical research focus area. The results of these investigations revealed that UAVs have largely been used for monitoring crop growth and development, guiding fertilizer management, and crop mapping but also have the potential to facilitate other PA practices. Several factors may moderate the potential of these technologies. However, due to continuous technological advancements and reductions in ownership and operational costs, there remains much cause for optimism regarding future applications of UAVs and associated technologies to inform policy, planning, and operational decision-making.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052487)
(4.27 MB) (4.27 MB)
Early warning systems (EWS) facilitate societies’ preparedness and effective response capabilities to climate risks. Climate risks embody hazards, exposure, and vulnerability associated with a particular geographical area. Building an effective EWS requires consideration of the factors above to help people with coping mechanisms. The objective of this paper is to propose an approach that can enhance EWSs and ensure an effective climate risk resilience development. The paper focuses on the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region and highlights the issues with EWS, identifying weaknesses and characteristics of EWS to help in climate risk adaptation strategies. The SADC region was chosen as the context because it is a climate variability and change hotspot with many vulnerable populations residing in rural communities. Trending themes on building climate risk resilience were uncovered through scientific mapping and network analysis of published articles from 2008 to 2022. This paper contributes to on-going research on building climate risks resilience through early warning systems to identify hidden trends and emerging technologies from articles in order to enhance the operationalization and design of EWS. This review provides insight into technological interventions for assessing climate risks to build preparedness and resilience. From the review analysis, it is determined that there exists a plethora of evidence to support the argument that involving communities in the co-designing of EWS would improve risk knowledge, anticipation, and preparedness. Additionally, Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies provide effective tools to address existing EWS’ weaknesses, such as lack of real-time data collection and automation. However, 4IR technology is still at a nascent stage in EWS applications in Africa. Furthermore, policy across societies, institutions, and technology industries ought to be coordinated and integrated to develop a strategy toward implementing climate resilient-based EWS to facilitate the operations of disaster risk managers. The Social, Institutional, and Technology model can potentially increase communities’ resilience; therefore, it is recommended to develop EWS.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052473)
(4.44 MB) (4.44 MB)
A bibliometric study on mapping the rice cropping systems in VMD is crucial for understanding the trend of EO-based rice mapping and how remote sensing technologies are essential to address the food security issue in the region. This article presents an overview of Earth observation (EO)-based rice mapping strategies since 1979, prioritizing the scope of data, approaches, and techniques derived from 3700 research articles worldwide and contrasting them with the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). Various quantitative analyses were conducted through bibliometric analysis using the VOS viewer and Scopus database. Optical images, particularly the Landsat (~16%) and MODIS (~12%) time series datasets, were the most commonly utilized globally. MODIS data (~31%) had the highest share in the VMD context, followed by Landsat data (~19%), while Sentinel series (~13% for global and ~16% for VMD) data became more popular in recent years. Research on rice mapping using UAVs has been gradually creeping into rice mapping research globally, but a gap is yet to be filled in the VMD. The most widely used approaches for rice mapping globally were Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Principal Component Analysis. Spectral indices like EVI, NDVI, and RVI were commonly used for rice mapping and monitoring. The findings underscore the critical role of EO-based rice mapping studies in the VMD in addressing sustainability and food security challenges.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052593)
(3.06 MB)
Quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in hydropower reservoirs is linked with national and international sustainability objectives. Deploying scalable and effective cloud-based technologies improves the accessibility, reproducibility, and timeliness of the quantification process. This novel strategy promotes global sustainability in the hydropower industry while making it easier to comply with environmental regulations. It can promote informed decision-making, increase transparency, and expedite the transition to clean energy sources. Considering the use of cloud computing in GHG quantification can support global efforts to mitigate climate change and advance the development of hydropower systems into more sustainable global infrastructure. Earth Observation (EO) data with cloud computing facilities such as Google Earth Engine (GEE) and G-res (an online tool by the International Hydropower Association) can help fill in the missing data gaps and calculate GHG emissions from hydropower reservoirs in Vietnam following IPCC recommendations for estimating GHG emissions. Seven hydropower reservoirs (Ban Ve, Binh Dien, Ho Ham Thuan, Ho Hoa Binh, Ho Song Hinh, Thac Ba and Yali) from different parts of Vietnam were selected as test cases for calculating GHG emissions using the G-res tool. The initial results from the analysis show that the Binh Dien reservoir reports the highest GHG aerial emission rate per year, while the lowest has been observed for the Thac Ba reservoir. Similarly, the highest emission rate has been observed for the Ban Ve reservoir, while the lowest has been recorded for the Thac Ba reservoir. The initial results reported here provide an understanding of GHG emissions from the hydropower reservoirs (test cases) and are needed to be verified with the respective reservoir authorities for actual emissions.
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