Your search found 25 records
1 Mensah, J. K.; Ofosu, E. A.; Yidana, S. M.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Kabo-bah, A. T. 2022. Integrated modeling of hydrological processes and groundwater recharge based on land use land cover, and climate changes: a systematic review. Environmental Advances, 8:100224. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100224]
Hydrological modelling ; Groundwater recharge ; Land use change ; Land cover change ; Climate change
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051080)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266676572200059X/pdfft?md5=1e1fa4273fd95cdf7b681f7387c5922e&pid=1-s2.0-S266676572200059X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051080.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051080.pdf
(6.22 MB) (6.22 MB)
Groundwater is the main available freshwater resource and therefore its use, management and sustainability are closely related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and climate change are among the factors impacting groundwater recharge. The use of land-use and climate data in conjunction with hydrological models are valuable tools for assessing these impacts on river basins. This systematic review aimed at assessing the integrated modeling approach for evaluating hydrological processes and groundwater recharge based on LULC and climate change. The analysis is based on 200 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus, and the Web of Science. Continuous research and the development of context-specific groundwater recharge models are essential to increase the long-term viability of water resources in any basin. The long-term impacts of natural and anthropogenic drivers on river basin interactions require integrating knowledge and modeling capabilities across biophysical responses, environmental problems, policies, economics, social, and data.
2 Dossou-Yovo, E. R.; Devkota, K. P.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Danvi, A.; Duku, C.; Zwart, Sander J. 2022. Thirty years of water management research for rice in Sub-Saharan Africa: achievement and perspectives. Field Crops Research, 283:108548. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108548]
Water management ; Research ; Rice ; Sustainable intensification ; Water productivity ; Oryza ; Crop yield ; Ecosystem services ; Drought ; Soil salinity ; Irrigated land ; Rainfed farming / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051081)
(1.47 MB)
Rice is one of the major staple foods in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is mainly grown in three environments: rainfed upland and rainfed and irrigated lowlands. In all rice-growing environments, the yield gap (the difference between the potential yield in irrigated lowland or water-limited yield in rainfed lowland and upland and the actual yield obtained by farmers) is largely due to a wide range of constraints including water-related issues. This paper aims to review water management research for rice cultivation in SSA. Major water-related constraints to rice production include drought, flooding, iron toxicity, and soil salinity. A wide range of technologies has been tested by Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) and its partners for their potential to address some of the water-related challenges across SSA. In the irrigated lowlands, the system of rice intensification and alternate wetting and drying significantly reduced water use, while the pre-conditions to maintain grain yield and quality compared to continuous flooding were identified. Salinity problems caused by the standing water layer could be addressed by flushing and leaching. In the rainfed lowlands, water control structures, Sawah rice production system, and the Smart-Valleys approach for land and water development improved water availability and grain yield compared to traditional water management practices. In the rainfed uplands, supplemental irrigation, mulching, and conservation agriculture mitigated the effects of drought on rice yield. The Participatory Learning and Action Research (PLAR) approach was developed to work with and educate communities to help them implement improved water management technologies. Most of the research assessed a few indicators such as rice yield, water use, water productivity at the field level. There has been limited research on the cost-benefit of water management technologies, enabling conditions and business models for their large-scale adoption, as well as their impact on farmers’ livelihoods, particularly on women and youth. Besides, limited research has been conducted on water management design for crop diversification, landscape-level water management, and iron toxicity mitigation, particularly in lowlands. Filling these research gaps could contribute to sustainable water resources management and sustainable intensification of rice-based systems in SSA.
3 Akpoti, Komlavi; Groen, T.; Dossou-Yovo, E.; Kabo-bah, A. T.; Zwart, Sander J. 2022. Climate change-induced reduction in agricultural land suitability of West-Africa’s inland valley landscapes. Agricultural Systems, 200:103429. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103429]
Farmland ; Land suitability ; Climate change ; Valleys ; Agricultural landscape ; Rainfed farming ; Rice ; Agroecosystems ; Self-sufficiency ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Forecasting ; Ecological niche modelling ; Machine learning ; Uncertainty / West Africa / Togo / Benin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051146)
(7.41 MB)
CONTEXT: Although rice production has increased significantly in the last decade in West Africa, the region is far from being rice self-sufficient. Inland valleys (IVs) with their relatively higher water content and soil fertility compared to the surrounding uplands are the main rice-growing agroecosystem. They are being promoted by governments and development agencies as future food baskets of the region. However, West Africa’s crop production is estimated to be negatively affected by climate change due to the strong dependence of its agriculture on rainfall.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the study is to apply a set of machine learning models to quantify the extent of climate change impact on land suitability for rice using the presence of rice-only data in IVs along with bioclimatic indicators.
METHODS: We used a spatially explicit modeling approach based on correlative Ecological Niche Modeling. We deployed 4 algorithms (Boosted Regression Trees, Generalized Linear Model, Maximum Entropy, and Random Forest) for 4-time periods (the 2030s, 2050s, 2070s, and 2080s) of the 4 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8) from an ensemble set of 32 spatially downscaled and bias-corrected Global Circulation Models climate data.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The overall trend showed a decrease in suitable areas compared to the baseline as a function of changes in temperature and precipitation by the order of 22–33% area loss under the lowest reduction scenarios and more than 50% in extreme cases. Isothermality or how large the day to night temperatures oscillate relative to the annual oscillations has a large impact on area losses while precipitation increase accounts for most of the areas with no change in suitability. Strong adaptation measures along with technological advancement and adoption will be needed to cope with the adverse effects of climate change on inland valley rice areas in the sub-region. SIGNIFICANCE: The demand for rice in West Africa is huge. For the rice self-sufficiency agenda of the region, “where” and “how much” land resources are available is key and requires long-term, informed planning. Farmers can only adapt when they switch to improved breeds, providing that they are suited for the new conditions. Our results stress the need for land use planning that considers potential climate change impacts to define the best areas and growing systems to produce rice under multiple future climate change uncertainties.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the study is to apply a set of machine learning models to quantify the extent of climate change impact on land suitability for rice using the presence of rice-only data in IVs along with bioclimatic indicators.
METHODS: We used a spatially explicit modeling approach based on correlative Ecological Niche Modeling. We deployed 4 algorithms (Boosted Regression Trees, Generalized Linear Model, Maximum Entropy, and Random Forest) for 4-time periods (the 2030s, 2050s, 2070s, and 2080s) of the 4 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8) from an ensemble set of 32 spatially downscaled and bias-corrected Global Circulation Models climate data.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The overall trend showed a decrease in suitable areas compared to the baseline as a function of changes in temperature and precipitation by the order of 22–33% area loss under the lowest reduction scenarios and more than 50% in extreme cases. Isothermality or how large the day to night temperatures oscillate relative to the annual oscillations has a large impact on area losses while precipitation increase accounts for most of the areas with no change in suitability. Strong adaptation measures along with technological advancement and adoption will be needed to cope with the adverse effects of climate change on inland valley rice areas in the sub-region. SIGNIFICANCE: The demand for rice in West Africa is huge. For the rice self-sufficiency agenda of the region, “where” and “how much” land resources are available is key and requires long-term, informed planning. Farmers can only adapt when they switch to improved breeds, providing that they are suited for the new conditions. Our results stress the need for land use planning that considers potential climate change impacts to define the best areas and growing systems to produce rice under multiple future climate change uncertainties.
4 Kouman, K. D.; Kabo-bah, A. T.; Kouadio, B. H.; Akpoti, Komlavi. 2022. Spatio-temporal trends of precipitation and temperature extremes across the North-East Region of Cote d’Ivoire over the period 1981–2020. Climate, 10(5):74. (Special issue: Impacts of Extreme Weather on Hydrological Process, Water Quality and Ecosystem in Agricultural and Forested Watersheds under the Changing Climate) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10050074]
Climate change ; Extreme weather events ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Rain ; Trends ; Estimation ; Spatial distribution ; Time series analysis ; Indicators ; Agriculture / West Africa / Cote d'Ivoire / Zanzan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051152)
https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/10/5/74/pdf?version=1653036527
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051152.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051152.pdf
(7.07 MB) (7.07 MB)
The northeast region of Cote d’Ivoire, where agriculture is the main economic activity, is potentially vulnerable to extreme climatic conditions. This study aims to make a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of trends in extreme indices related to precipitation and temperature for the Zanzan region of Cote d’Ivoire over the period of 1981–2020. The statistical significance of the calculated trends was assessed using the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test, while Sen’s slope estimation was used to define the amount of change. For extreme precipitations, the results showed a decreasing trend in annual total precipitations estimated at 112.37 mm and in daily precipitations intensity indices. Furthermore, the consecutive dry days’ index showed an increasing trend estimated at 18.67 days. Unlike the trends in precipitation extremes, which showed statistically non-significant trends, the trends in temperature extremes were mostly significant over the entire study area. The cold spells indices all show decreasing trends, while the warm spells show increasing trends. Drawing inferences from the results, it becomes clear that the study area may be threatened by food insecurity and water scarcity. The results are aimed to support climate adaptation efforts and policy intervention in the region.
5 Mensah, J. K.; Ofosu, E. A.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Okyereh, S. A.; Yidana, S. M. 2022. Modeling current and future groundwater demands in the White Volta River Basin of Ghana under climate change and socio-economic scenarios. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 41:101117. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101117]
Water demand ; Groundwater ; Modelling ; Forecasting ; River basins ; Climate change ; Socioeconomic development ; Irrigation water ; Domestic water ; Livestock ; Planning ; Catchment areas / Ghana / White Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051165)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581822001306/pdfft?md5=46b90fe408011ab196a86f42465f690f&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581822001306-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051165.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051165.pdf
(13.30 MB) (13.3 MB)
Study region: White Volta River Basin, Ghana.
Study focus: Groundwater sustainability is becoming a major concern in the face of population growth, land use land cover (LULC), and climate changes. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model is used in this study to analyse the current and future groundwater demands for the period of 2015–2070. Two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5) scenarios from statistically downscaled fifteen CMIP5 models were combined three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs 2,3 and 5) scenarios in the nine sub-catchments of the White Volta River Basin.
New hydrological insights for the study region: The WEAP model was calibrated (2006–2012) and validated (2013–2020) using streamflow data from six gauges in five sub-catchments. The findings show that climatic change and socio-economic development will result in a disparity between groundwater supply and demand in sub-catchments with greater socioeconomic growth, especially those with higher population density and arable agricultural land. Among the basin’s nine sub-catchments, four will experience water scarcity under all future scenarios. While the groundwater flow and recharge data may be evaluated using several physical hydrological models, the calibration and validation results suggest that the current modeling approach is capable of reliably predicting future groundwater demand with associated uncertainties. The study establishes a link between climate change, socio-economic growth, and groundwater availability in the White Volta River Basin.
Study focus: Groundwater sustainability is becoming a major concern in the face of population growth, land use land cover (LULC), and climate changes. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model is used in this study to analyse the current and future groundwater demands for the period of 2015–2070. Two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5) scenarios from statistically downscaled fifteen CMIP5 models were combined three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs 2,3 and 5) scenarios in the nine sub-catchments of the White Volta River Basin.
New hydrological insights for the study region: The WEAP model was calibrated (2006–2012) and validated (2013–2020) using streamflow data from six gauges in five sub-catchments. The findings show that climatic change and socio-economic development will result in a disparity between groundwater supply and demand in sub-catchments with greater socioeconomic growth, especially those with higher population density and arable agricultural land. Among the basin’s nine sub-catchments, four will experience water scarcity under all future scenarios. While the groundwater flow and recharge data may be evaluated using several physical hydrological models, the calibration and validation results suggest that the current modeling approach is capable of reliably predicting future groundwater demand with associated uncertainties. The study establishes a link between climate change, socio-economic growth, and groundwater availability in the White Volta River Basin.
6 Obahoundje, S.; Diedhiou, A.; Dubus, L.; Alamou, E. A.; Amoussou, E.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Ofosu, Eric Antwi. 2022. Modeling climate change impact on inflow and hydropower generation of Nangbeto Dam in West Africa using multi-model CORDEX ensemble and ensemble machine learning. Applied Energy, 325:119795. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119795]
Climate change ; Modelling ; Dams ; River basins ; Hydropower ; Hydroelectric power generation ; Reservoirs ; Climate variability ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Machine learning ; Datasets ; Forecasting ; Energy generation / West Africa / Togo / Nangbeto Dam / Mono River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051375)
(4.52 MB)
Climate change (CC) poses a threat to renewable hydropower, which continues to play a significant role in energy generation in West Africa (WA). Thus, the assessment of the impacts of climate change and climate variability on hydropower generation is critical for dam management. This study develops a framework based on ensemble climate models and ensemble machine learning methods to assess the projected impacts of CC on inflow to the reservoir and hydropower generation at the Nangbeto Hydropower plant in WA. Inflow to reservoir and energy generation for the future (2020–2099) is modeled using climate models output data from Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment to produce a publicly accessible hydropower dataset from 1980 to 2099. The bias-adjusted ensemble mean of eleven climate models for representative concentration pathways (RC4.5 and RCP8.5) are used. The added value of this approach is to use fewer input data (temperature and precipitation) while focusing on their lagged effect on inflow and energy. Generally, the model output strongly correlates with the observation (1986–2005) with a Pearson correlation of 0.86 for energy and 0.82 for inflow while the mean absolute error is 2.97% for energy and 9.73% for inflow. The results reveals that both inflow and energy simulated over the future periods (2020–2039, 2040–2059, 2060–2079, and 2080–2099) will decrease relative to the historical period (1986–2005) for both RCPs in the range of (2.5–20.5% and 1–8.5% for inflow and energy, respectively), at annual, monthly and seasonal time scales. Therefore, these results should be considered by decision-makers when assessing the best option for the energy mix development plan.
7 Incoom, A. B. M.; Adjei, K. A.; Odai, S. N.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Siabi, E. K. 2022. Impacts of climate change on crop and irrigation water requirement in the Savannah regions of Ghana. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 13(9):3338-3356. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2022.129]
Climate change ; Crops ; Irrigation water ; Water requirements ; Irrigation requirements ; Semiarid zones ; Savannahs ; Dry season ; Temperature ; Evapotranspiration ; Rain ; Forecasting ; Tomatoes ; Onions / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051377)
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/13/9/3338/1114822/jwc0133338.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051377.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051377.pdf
(1.45 MB) (1.45 MB)
Water sources remain the key sources of irrigation in semi-arid regions. However, future climate changes threaten these sources. The study analysed water requirements of two commonly cultivated crops in the dry season in the Ghanaian Savannah regions under baseline and future periods. Crop water requirement (CWR) and crop irrigation requirement (CIR) were lowest in baseline periods and increased in the 2020 s, 2050 s, and 2080 s for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 at all locations. CIR was higher for tomato as compared to onions for most locations. Seasonal changes in the CWR ranged from 2–9, 3–12, and 3–12% and 2–8 3–12% and 5–18% for the 2020 s, 2050 s and 2080 s under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively, for both the crops. Bole and Zuarungu recorded highest increases in CWR for tomato, whereas the least change was observed at Yendi for onions. Changes in seasonal CIR ranged from 3–19, 2–21, and 6–22%, respectively, for the 2020 s, 2050 s and 2080 s for RCP 4.5. Under RCP 8.5, changes in seasonal CIR ranged from 3–23, 5–23, and 6–27% were observed for the 2020 s, 2050 s, and 2080 s, respectively. Highest increases in CIR were noticed at Bole and Zuarungu for tomato, whereas the least change was observed at Wenchi for onions. Findings of the study support zero hunger and climate action, goals 2 and 13 of the SDGs.
8 Siabi, E. K.; Dile, Y. T.; Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Amo-Boateng, M.; Anornu, G. K.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Vuu, C.; Donkor, P.; Mensah, S. K.; Incoom, A. B. M.; Opoku, E. K.; Atta-Darkwa, T. 2022. Machine learning based groundwater prediction in a data-scarce basin of Ghana. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 36(1):2138130. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2138130]
Groundwater recharge ; Forecasting ; Estimation ; Machine learning ; Neural networks ; Modelling ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Surface runoff ; Climate change ; Rain ; Aquifers / Ghana / Volta Basin / Akuse / Ketekrachi / Tamale / Wenchi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051547)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2022.2138130?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051547.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051547.pdf
(5.90 MB) (5.90 MB)
Groundwater (GW) is a key source of drinking water and irrigation to combat growing food insecurity and for improved water access in rural sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are limited studies due to data scarcity in the region. New modeling techniques such as Machine learning (ML) are found robust and promising tools to assess GW recharge with less expensive data. The study utilized ML technique in GW recharge prediction for selected locations to assess sustainability of GW resources in Ghana. Two artificial neural networks (ANN) models namely Feedforward Neural Network with Multilayer Perceptron (FNN-MLP) and Extreme Learning Machine (FNN-ELM) were used for the prediction of GW using 58 years (1960–2018) of GW data. Model evaluation between FNN-MLP and FNN-ELM showed that the former approach was better in predicting GW with R2 ranging from 0.97 to 0.99 while the latter has an R2 between 0.42 to 0.68. The overall performance of both models was acceptable and suggests that ANN is a useful forecasting tool for GW assessment. The outcomes from this study will add value to the current methods of GW assessment and development, which is one of the pillars of the sustainable development goals (SDG 6).
9 Akpoti, Komlavi; Obahoundje, S.; Mortey, E. M.; Diawuo, F. A.; Antwi, E. O.; Gyamfi, S.; Domfeh, M. K.; Kabo-bah, A. T. 2023. Technological advances in prospecting sites for pumped hydro energy storage. In Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Diawuo, F. A.; Antwi, E. O. (Eds.). Pumped hydro energy storage for hybrid systems. London, UK: Academic Press. pp.105-118. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818853-8.00009-1]
Hydroelectric power ; Energy demand ; Renewable energy ; Storage ; Technological changes ; Reservoirs ; Pumping ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Environmental factors ; Environmental impact ; Aquatic habitats ; Water requirements ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051548)
(0.25 MB)
This chapter provides a survey of pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) in terms of the factors considered in the site selection process: geographic, social, economic, and environmental. Due to the number and complexity of factors considered for this purpose, a multicriteria decision-making model is often used during the selection process. From our study, it is observed that the implementation of a PHES project may come with several environmental concerns, that is land and water requirements, impacts on the fishery industry, aquatic habitat, cultural, historical as well as natural. However, we also observed that many of these concerns are being addressed with improvement in PHES technology.
10 Domfeh, M. K.; Diawuo, F. A.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Antwi, E. O.; Kabo-bah, A. T. 2023. Lessons for pumped hydro energy storage systems uptake. In Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Diawuo, F. A.; Antwi, E. O. (Eds.). Pumped hydro energy storage for hybrid systems. London, UK: Academic Press. pp.137-154. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818853-8.00012-1]
Hydroelectric power ; Renewable energy ; Storage ; Pumping ; Decision making ; Public-private partnerships ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Climate change ; Electricity ; Markets ; Infrastructure ; Financing ; Trends
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051549)
(0.20 MB)
Pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) has for years been touted as a suitable alternative for balancing the mismatch between demand and supply of electricity. As the world transits from a fossil fuel-based electricity sector to a renewable energy-based one, PHES is also continuously being used to resolve challenges regarding variable or intermittent sources of energy. This chapter presents lessons from countless literature and studies on the global development and market environment of PHES. The study reveals that critical factors such as investing in public-private research, development and deployment, instituting regulatory frameworks that stimulate innovative operation of PHES, increasing digital operation of PHES systems, and retrofitting PHES facilities could foster the uptake and revolutionize the development of PHES.
11 Ouattara, Z. A.; Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Dongo, K.; Akpoti, Komlavi. 2023. A review of sewerage and drainage systems typologies with case study in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: failures, policy and management techniques perspectives. Cogent Engineering, 10(1):2178125. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2023.2178125]
Sewerage ; Drainage systems ; Policies ; Management techniques ; Urban areas ; Cities ; Solid wastes ; Wastewater ; Sanitation ; Decision support systems ; Models ; Institutions ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Côte d'Ivoire / Abidjan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051899)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/23311916.2023.2178125?needAccess=true&role=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051899.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051899.pdf
(25.10 MB) (25.1 MB)
The failure of sewage and drainage systems in SubSaharan African cities is frequent and can be considered as a critical issue, both from an environmental standpoint and in terms of associated maintenance costs. This study analyzes the state of the sanitation systems, the elements behind the failures, the environmental concepts used to classify the problems, and the tools and methodological alternatives for ranking the various management solutions. This research illustrates the causes that contribute to the dysfunctions in the sewage systems of Abidjan as a typical example of sewerage systems management challenges in SubSaharan Africa’s large cities. Poor solid waste and wastewater management practices by residents, e.g., illegal dumping of solid waste into the sewers, unauthorized and defective connections to the network, structural dysfunctions related to the age of the network (cracked, denuded, or broken), urban agriculture in the vicinity of the channels, natural phenomena such as erosion, landslides in the undeveloped parts, and the high concentration of vegetation in the network, wholly contribute to the degradation of the network. A variety of decision support systems for the management of the assets of the urban sewage network were presented. The instruments have been categorized based on their capacity and functionality. The operating concept of each of these tools has been outlined, as well as their respective data needs. In addition, the study analyzes challenges related to the usage of existing decision support systems and provides an outlook on future research requirements in this area. This study offers a detailed analysis of the issues of sanitation management and could serve as a reference for other emerging nations in SubSaharan Africa.
12 Ouattara, Z. A.; Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Dongo, K.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Siabi, E. K.; Kablan, M. K. A.; Kangah, K. M. 2023. Operational and structural diagnosis of sewerage and drainage networks in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 5:1032459. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2023.1032459]
Sewerage ; Drainage systems ; Waste management ; Wastewater ; Solid wastes ; Household wastes ; Waste disposal ; Infiltration ; Urbanization ; Anthropogenic factors ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Environmental factors ; Sanitation ; Rainwater ; Vegetation ; Models / West Africa / Côte d’Ivoire / Abidja / Yopougon
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051958)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsc.2023.1032459/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051958.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051958.pdf
(2.69 MB) (2.69 MB)
In Cote d’Ivoire, the failure of urban sewage systems is a crucial problem for the drainage of wastewater and rainwater. This failure is due to many factors and therefore, calls for diagnostic studies. The present study aimed at analyzing these networks in order to identify the dierent factors that contribute to the operational and structural degradation in selected sewerage and drainage networks in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. The method used in the study involved semi-structured interviews, video camera inspection and socio-environmental field surveys (geographical survey and household survey), followed by descriptive statistics. The results revealed that many structural, environmental and behavioral practice contribute to the progressive degradation of urban sewage systems. These factors are essentially those that prevent the normal flow of wastewater in the pipes such as the illegal dumping of solid waste, the unauthorized connection of wastewater networks, unsustainable urban agricultural practices, as well as the high concentration of vegetation on both sides of the network and the dilapidated infrastructure of the wastewater and rainwater networks. It was found that these factors are at the origin of the clogging and degradation of the sewers since 85% of the residents used these sewers as a dumping ground for solid waste.
13 Siabi, E. K.; Awafo, E. A.; Kabo-bah, A. T.; Derkyi, N. S. A.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Mortey, E. M.; Yazdanie, M. 2023. Assessment of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) climate scenarios and its impacts on the Greater Accra Region. Urban Climate, 49:101432. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101432]
Climate change ; Socioeconomic impact ; Assessment ; Urban areas ; Climate prediction ; Trends ; Climate models ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Policies ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities ; Goal 13 Climate action / Ghana / Greater Accra Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052016)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212095523000263/pdfft?md5=45ee630daa87c98c763c15711963ba8c&pid=1-s2.0-S2212095523000263-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052016.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052016.pdf
(22.40 MB) (22.4 MB)
The effects of climate change (CC) have intensified in Ghana, especially in the Greater Accra region over the last two decades. CC assessment under the new IPCC scenarios and consistent local station data is limited. Consequently, CC assessment is becoming difficult in data-scarce regions in Ghana. This study utilizes six different Regional Climate Models under the 6th IPCC Report’s Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (SSPs) of the CMIP6, which were bias-corrected with CMhyd over Greater Accra using ground station and PUGMF reanalysis data. The study reveals a reduction and potential shift in the intensity of precipitation in the region under the SSPs. Maximum temperature is expected to increase by 0.81–1.45 C, 0.84–1.54 C, 0.96–1.70 C and 0.98–1.73 C, while minimum temperature would likely increase by 1.33–2.02 C, 1.49–2.22 C, 1.71–4.75 C and 1.75–4.83 C under SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5 scenarios, respectively. Thus, temperature will likely increase, especially at night in the near future. Rising temperatures and changes in precipitation have impacts on all strata of society, from agricultural production to power generation and beyond. These findings can help inform Ghanaian policymaking on Sustainable Development Goals 11 and 13 as well as nationally determined contributions within the Paris Agreement.
14 Siabi, E. K.; Phuong, D. N. D.; Kabobah, A. T.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Anornu, G.; Incoom, A. B. M.; Nyantakyi, E. K.; Yeboah, K. A.; Siabi, S. E.; Vuu, C.; Domfeh, M. K.; Mortey, E. M.; Wemegah, C. S.; Kudjoe, F.; Opoku, P. D.; Asare, A.; Mensah, S. K.; Donkor, P.; Opoku, E. K.; Ouattara, Z. A.; Obeng-Ahenkora, N. K.; Adusu, D.; Quansah, A. 2023. Projections and impact assessment of the local climate change conditions of the Black Volta Basin of Ghana based on the Statistical DownScaling Model. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 14(2):494-515. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.352]
Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Climate prediction ; Impact assessment ; Trends ; Climate models ; River basins ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Policies ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities ; Goal 13 Climate action / Ghana / Black Volta Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052017)
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/14/2/494/1177291/jwc0140494.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052017.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052017.pdf
(1.27 MB) (1.27 MB)
The uncertainties and biases associated with Global Climate Models (GCMs) ascend from global to regional and local scales which delimits the applicability and suitability of GCMs in site-specific impact assessment research. The study downscaled two GCMs to evaluate effects of climate change (CC) in the Black Volta Basin (BVB) using Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM) and 40-year ground station data. The study employed Taylor diagrams, dimensionless, dimensioned, and goodness of fit statistics to evaluate model performance. SDSM produced good performance in downscaling daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature in the basin. Future projections of precipitation by HadCM3 and CanESM2 indicated decreasing trend as revealed by the delta statistics and ITA plots. Both models projected near- to far-future increases in temperature and decreases in precipitation by 2.05-23.89, 5.41–46.35, and 5.84–35.33% in the near, mid, and far future respectively. Therefore, BVB is expected to become hotter and drier by 2100. As such, climate actions to combat detrimental effects on the BVB must be revamped since the basin hosts one of the largest hydropower dams in Ghana. The study is expected to support the integration of CC mitigation into local, national, and international policies, and support knowledge and capacity building to meet CC challenges.
15 Ouattara, Z. A.; Dongo, K.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Kabo-Bah, A. T.; Attiogbe, F.; Siabi, E. K.; Iweh, C. D.; Gogo, G. H. 2023. Assessment of solid and liquid wastes management and health impacts along the failed sewerage systems in capital cities of African countries: case of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Frontiers in Water, 5:1071686. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1071686]
Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Environmental impact ; Health hazards ; Sewerage ; Cities ; Urban areas ; Wastewater ; Sanitation ; Pollution indicators ; Risk factors ; Chemicophysical properties ; Households / Côte d'Ivoire / Abidjan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052034)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2023.1071686/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052034.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052034.pdf
(2.16 MB) (2.16 MB)
The management of domestic wastewater and rainwater is a major concern for the population of Yopougon. The study presents the causes of wastewater discharge from dysfunctional sewers and their health impacts on the population. It also highlights the environmental and health risk associated with poor solid and liquid waste management. This was based on literature search, semi-participatory workshop, physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of wastewater and finally through a household survey. The field survey was conducted on 245 household heads obtained using the Canadian statistical guidelines. The results obtained indicated that all main pollution indicators were; total nitrogen (TN, 525 ± 0.02 to 3077 ± 0.3 mg/l), nitrates (NO3, 146 ± 0.01 to 1347 ± 0.12 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD, 278 ± 195.16 to 645 ± 391.74 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 940 ± 650.54 to 4050.5 ± 71.42 mg/l) and total dissolved solids (TDS, 151 ± 9.9 to 766 ± 237.59 mg/l) which were above the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Cote d'Ivoire national policy guidelines standards for the discharge of effluents into the environment. The analysis of the bacterial flora of the effluents revealed that the concentrations of Total Coliforms and fecal streptococci exceeded the values recommended by the WHO and national policy guidelines standards. This means that the populations of this area are prone to infectious diseases. Diseases such as malaria (84.53%), respiratory infections (61%), diarrhea (48.66%), intestinal diseases (44.5%), and typhoid fever (28.84%) were prevalent in the surveyed households.
16 Incoom, A. B. M.; Adjei, K. A.; Odai, S. N.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Siabi, E. K.; Awotwi, A. 2023. Assessing climate model accuracy and future climate change in Ghana's Savannah regions. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 14(7):2362-2383. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.070]
Climate models ; Performance assessment ; Climate prediction ; Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Precipitation ; Rainfall patterns ; Temperature ; Weather forecasting ; Savannahs / West Africa / Ghana / Savannah Zone / Bole / Kete-Krachi / Kintampo / Tamale / Wa / Wenchi / Zuarungu / Navrongo / Yendi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052102)
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/14/7/2362/1267240/jwc0142362.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052102.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052102.pdf
(1.52 MB) (1.52 MB)
This study aimed to compare the performance of six regional climate models (RCMs) in simulating observed and projecting future climate in the Savannah zone of Ghana, in order to find suitable methods to improve the accuracy of climate models in the region. The study found that the accuracy of both individual RCMs and their ensemble mean improved with bias correction, but the performance of individual RCMs was dependent on location. The projected change in annual precipitation indicated a general decline in rainfall with variations based on the RCM and location. Projections under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 were larger than those under RCP 4.5. The changes in mean temperature recorded were 1 °C for the 2020s for both RCPs, 1–4 °C for the 2050s under both RCPs, and 1– 4 °C under RCP 4.5, and from 2 to 8 °C for the 2080s. These findings will aid farmers and governments in the West African subregion in making informed decisions and planning cost-effective climate adaptation strategies to reduce the impact of climate change on the ecosystem. The study highlights the importance of accurate climate projections to reduce vulnerability to climate change and the need to improve climate models in projecting climate in the West African subregion.
17 Mekonnen, Kirubel; Velpuri, Naga Manohar; Leh, Mansoor; Akpoti, Komlavi; Owusu, Afua; Tinonetsana, Primrose; Hamouda, T.; Ghansah, B.; Paranamana, Thilina Prabhath; Munzimi, Y. 2023. Accuracy of satellite and reanalysis rainfall estimates over Africa: a multi-scale assessment of eight products for continental applications. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 49:101514. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101514]
Rainfall ; Estimation ; Satellites ; Datasets ; Models ; Performance assessment ; Evaluation ; Climatology ; River basins ; Climatic zones ; Rain gauges ; Observation / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052164)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221458182300201X/pdfft?md5=eeafc6b121eec039f2a2cd37cb0c7e67&pid=1-s2.0-S221458182300201X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052164.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052164.pdf
(14.00 MB) (14.0 MB)
Study Region: Continental Africa
Study Focus: This study evaluates the accuracy of eight gauge-corrected rainfall products across Africa through direct comparisons with in situ observations for the period 2001–2020. The effect of validation datasets on the performance of the rainfall products was also quantified in ten African countries. Four categorical and five continuous metrics were estimated at multiple spatial and temporal scales as part of the evaluation.
New hydrological insights for the Region: Results indicate that the performance of the rainfall products varied in space and time. Evaluation at temporal scales revealed that, on average, most rainfall products showed poor results (KGE < 0.35) at the daily timescale. In contrast, RFE v2.0, ARC v2.0, and MSWEP v2.8 were reliable (KGE > 0.75) at the monthly and annual timescales. Among the rainfall products, the performance of TAMSATv3.1, PERSIANN-CDR, and ERA 5 was relatively poor in capturing in situ observations. Evaluation at various spatial scales revealed mixed results. The ARC v2.0 and CHIRPS v2.0 rainfall products were reliable in detecting no rains (< 1 mm/day) for all 19 spatial scales, indicating a high level of confidence for drought studies. IMERG-F v6B and RFE v2.0 were reliable in detecting heavy and high-intensity rainfall events for all spatial scales. Using the KGE performance metrics at the regional level, MSWEP v2.8 in the Northern Africa region, RFE v2.0 in the Western and Southern Africa regions, ARC v2.0 in Central Africa, and CHIRPS v2.0 in the Eastern Africa region showed better performances at monthly timescale. Moreover, the performance of the gauge-corrected rainfall datasets was reduced when compared with independent validation data (gauge data not used by rainfall products) than dependent validation data. This study provides several new insights into choosing a rainfall product for continental to regional applications and identifies the need for bias correction.
Study Focus: This study evaluates the accuracy of eight gauge-corrected rainfall products across Africa through direct comparisons with in situ observations for the period 2001–2020. The effect of validation datasets on the performance of the rainfall products was also quantified in ten African countries. Four categorical and five continuous metrics were estimated at multiple spatial and temporal scales as part of the evaluation.
New hydrological insights for the Region: Results indicate that the performance of the rainfall products varied in space and time. Evaluation at temporal scales revealed that, on average, most rainfall products showed poor results (KGE < 0.35) at the daily timescale. In contrast, RFE v2.0, ARC v2.0, and MSWEP v2.8 were reliable (KGE > 0.75) at the monthly and annual timescales. Among the rainfall products, the performance of TAMSATv3.1, PERSIANN-CDR, and ERA 5 was relatively poor in capturing in situ observations. Evaluation at various spatial scales revealed mixed results. The ARC v2.0 and CHIRPS v2.0 rainfall products were reliable in detecting no rains (< 1 mm/day) for all 19 spatial scales, indicating a high level of confidence for drought studies. IMERG-F v6B and RFE v2.0 were reliable in detecting heavy and high-intensity rainfall events for all spatial scales. Using the KGE performance metrics at the regional level, MSWEP v2.8 in the Northern Africa region, RFE v2.0 in the Western and Southern Africa regions, ARC v2.0 in Central Africa, and CHIRPS v2.0 in the Eastern Africa region showed better performances at monthly timescale. Moreover, the performance of the gauge-corrected rainfall datasets was reduced when compared with independent validation data (gauge data not used by rainfall products) than dependent validation data. This study provides several new insights into choosing a rainfall product for continental to regional applications and identifies the need for bias correction.
18 Akpoti, Komlavi; Dembele, Moctar; Forkuor, G.; Obuobie, E.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe; Cofie, Olufunke. 2023. Integrating GIS and remote sensing for land use/land cover mapping and groundwater potential assessment for climate-smart cocoa irrigation in Ghana. Scientific Reports, 13:16025. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43286-5]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Cocoa ; Groundwater irrigation ; Land-use mapping ; Land cover mapping ; Groundwater potential ; Groundwater assessment ; Geographical information systems ; Remote sensing ; Surface water ; Water availability ; Climate change / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052236)
(12.00 MB) (12.0 MB)
Although Ghana is a leading global cocoa producer, its production and yield have experienced declines in recent years due to various factors, including long-term climate change such as increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns, as well as drought events. With the increasing exposure of cocoa-producing regions to extreme weather events, the vulnerability of cocoa production is also expected to rise. Supplemental irrigation for cocoa farmers has emerged as a viable adaptation strategy to ensure a consistent water supply and enhance yield. However, understanding the potential for surface and groundwater irrigation in the cocoa-growing belt remains limited. Consequently, this study aims to provide decision-support maps for surface and groundwater irrigation potential to aid planning and investment in climate-smart cocoa irrigation. Utilizing state-of-the-art geospatial and remote sensing tools, data, and methods, alongside in-situ groundwater data, we assess the irrigation potential within Ghana's cocoa-growing areas. Our analysis identified a total area of 22,126 km2 for cocoa plantations and 125.2 km2 for surface water bodies within the cocoa-growing regions. The multi-criteria analysis (MCA) revealed that approximately 80% of the study area exhibits moderate to very high groundwater availability potential. Comparing the MCA output with existing borehole locations demonstrated a reasonable correlation, with about 80% of existing boreholes located in areas with moderate to very high potential. Boreholes in very high potential areas had the highest mean yield of 90.7 l/min, while those in low groundwater availability potential areas registered the lowest mean yield of 58.2 l/min. Our study offers a comprehensive evaluation of water storage components and their implications for cocoa irrigation in Ghana. While groundwater availability shows a generally positive trend, soil moisture and surface water have been declining, particularly in the last decade. These findings underline the need for climate-smart cocoa irrigation strategies that make use of abundant groundwater resources during deficit periods. A balanced conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources could thus serve as a sustainable solution for maintaining cocoa production in the face of climate change.
19 Owusu, Afua; Kagone, S.; Leh, Mansoor; Velpuri, Naga Manohar; Gumma, M. K.; Ghansah, Benjamin; Thilina-Prabhath, Paranamana; Akpoti, Komlavi; Mekonnen, Kirubel; Tinonetsana, Primrose; Mohammed, I. 2024. A framework for disaggregating remote-sensing cropland into rainfed and irrigated classes at continental scale. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 126:103607. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2023.103607]
Farmland ; Remote sensing ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Frameworks ; Agricultural water management ; Land use ; Land cover ; Models ; Datasets / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052552)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569843223004314/pdfft?md5=83620252268d54a0c1e63640065278cd&pid=1-s2.0-S1569843223004314-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052552.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052552.pdf
(11.90 MB) (11.9 MB)
Agriculture consumes the largest share of freshwater globally; therefore, distinguishing between rainfed and irrigated croplands is essential for agricultural water management and food security. In this study, a framework incorporating the Budyko model was used to differentiate between rainfed and irrigated cropland areas in Africa for eight remote sensing landcover products and a high-confidence cropland map (HCCM). The HCCM was generated for calibration and validation of the crop partitioning framework as an alternative to individual cropland masks which exhibit high disagreement. The accuracy of the framework in partitioning the HCCM was evaluated using an independent validation dataset, yielding an overall accuracy rate of 73 %. The findings of this study indicate that out of the total area covered by the HCCM (2.36 million km2 ), about 461,000 km2 (19 %) is irrigated cropland. The partitioning framework was applied on eight landcover products, and the extent of irrigated areas varied between 19 % and 30 % of the total cropland area. The framework demonstrated high precision and specificity scores, indicating its effectiveness in correctly identifying irrigated areas while minimizing the misclassification of rainfed areas as irrigated. This study provides an enhanced understanding of rainfed and irrigation patterns across Africa, supporting efforts towards achieving sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. Consequently, the approach outlined expands on the suite of remote sensing landcover products that can be used for agricultural water studies in Africa by enabling the extraction of irrigated and rainfed cropland data from landcover products that do not have disaggregated cropland classes.
20 Siabi, Ebenezer K.; Akpoti, Komlavi; Zwart, Sander J. 2023. Small reservoirs in the northern regions of Ghana and their vulnerability to drying. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Aquatic Foods. 37p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052651)
(3.60 MB)
This study investigates the dynamics and susceptibility to drying of small reservoirs in Northern Ghana, leveraging advanced machine learning and remote sensing techniques through Google Earth Engine. It aims to map these reservoirs, evaluate their extent, and analyze water availability during dry seasons, crucial for understanding water resource potential for aquaculture and supporting food security goals under the CGIAR Initiative on Aquatic Foods. Findings reveal a consistent decrease in the number and size of reservoirs from November to April, attributed to increasing dry conditions, with a notable rise in reservoir numbers peaking in November 2022. Small reservoirs (< 0.6 hectares) were found to be more numerous than medium and large ones, predominantly located in midstream areas. Approximately half of these reservoirs face a very high risk of drying, highlighting the urgent need for effective water management strategies. This research provides significant insights into the vulnerabilities of small reservoirs, guiding sustainable management practices to combat the impacts of climate change and environmental stressors on water and aquaculture resources in Northern Ghana.
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