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1 Lawless, S.; Cohen, P. J.; McDougall, C.; Mangubhai, S.; Song, A. M.; Morrison, T. H. 2022. Tinker, tailor or transform: gender equality amidst social-ecological change. Global Environmental Change, 72:102434. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102434]
Gender equality ; Social aspects ; Ecological factors ; Small-scale fisheries ; Environmental management ; Governance ; Sustainability ; Women ; Livelihoods ; Equity ; Policies / Pacific Islands / Vanuatu / Solomon Islands / Fiji
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050786)
(6.14 MB)
Global visions of environmental change consider gender equality to be a foundation of sustainable social-ecological systems. Similarly, social-ecological systems frameworks position gender equality as both a precursor to, and a product of, system sustainability. Yet, the degree to which gender equality is being advanced through social-ecological systems change is uncertain. We use the case of small-scale fisheries in the Pacific Islands region to explore the proposition that different social-ecological narratives: (1) ecological, (2) social-ecological, and (3) social, shape the gender equality priorities, intentions and impacts of implementing organizations. We conducted interviews with regional and national fisheries experts (n = 71) and analyzed gender commitments made within policies (n = 29) that influence small-scale fisheries. To explore these data, we developed a ‘Tinker-Tailor-Transform’ gender assessment typology. We find that implementing organizations aligned with the social-ecological and social narratives considered social (i.e., human-centric) goals to be equally or more important than ecological (i.e., eco-centric) goals. Yet in action, gender equality was pursued instrumentally to achieve ecological goals and/or shallow project performance targets. These results highlight that although commitments to gender equality were common, when operationalized commitments become diluted and reoriented. Across all three narratives, organizations mostly ‘Tinkered’ with gender equality in impact, for example, including more women in spaces that otherwise tended to be dominated by men. Impacts predominately focused on the individual (i.e., changing women) rather than driving communal-to-societal level change. We discuss three interrelated opportunities for organizations in applying the ‘Tinker-Tailor-Transform’ assessment typology, including its utility to assist organizations to orient toward intrinsic goals; challenge or reconfigure system attributes that perpetuate gender inequalities; and consciously interrogate discursive positions and beliefs to unsettle habituated policies, initiatives and theories of change.
2 Ratner, B. D.; Dubois, Mark J.; Morrison, T. H.; Tezzo, X.; Song, A. M.; Mbaru, E.; Chimatiro, S. K.; Cohen, P. J. 2022. A framework to guide research engagement in the policy process, with application to small-scale fisheries. Ecology and Society, 27(4):45. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-13604-270445]
Small-scale fisheries ; Research ; Policies ; Governance ; Partnerships ; Frameworks ; Decision making ; Stakeholders ; Social aspects ; Ecological factors ; Political aspects ; Fish trade / Pacific Islands / Africa South of Sahara / Myanmar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051642)
https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol27/iss4/art45/ES-2022-13604.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051642.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051642.pdf
(0.30 MB) (305 KB)
Research-engaged decision making and policy reform processes are critical to advancing resilience, adaptation, and transformation in social-ecological systems under stress. Here we propose a new conceptual framework to assess opportunities for research engagement in the policy process, building upon existing understandings of power dynamics and the political economy of policy reform. We retrospectively examine three cases of research engagement in small-scale fisheries policy and decision making, at national level (Myanmar) and at regional level (Pacific Islands region and sub-Saharan Africa), to illustrate application of the framework and highlight different modes of research engagement. We conclude with four principles for designing research to constructively and iteratively engage in policy and institutional reform: (a) nurture multi-stakeholder coalitions for change at different points in the policy cycle, (b) engage a range of forms and spaces of power, (c) embed research communications to support and respond to dialogue, and (d) employ evaluation in a cycle of action, learning, and adaptation. The framework and principles can be used to identify entry points for research engagement and to reflect critically upon the choices that researchers make as actors within complex processes of change.
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