Your search found 12 records
1 Bhaduri, A.. 2003. Participatory irrigation management in Madhya Pradesh. In Prasad, K. (Ed.), Water resources and sustainable development: Challenges of 21st Century. Delhi, India: Shipra Publications. pp.287-298.
Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Legislation ; Water rates ; Farmers’ associations ; Water user associations / India / Madhya Pradesh
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 PRA Record No: H031074)
2 Singh, A. B.; Bhaduri, A.. 2004. Impact on livelihoods: Mitrapura Watershed in high erosion area of Sawai Madhopur. Wastelands News, 19(4):44-52.
Watersheds ; Erosion ; Wells ; Groundwater irrigation ; Livestock ; Social aspects ; Living conditions ; Farmers ; Labor ; Villages ; Share cropping ; Bunds / India / Rajasthan / Sawai Madhopur
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7514 Record No: H038515)
3 Tischbein, B.; Manschadi, A. M.; Conrad, C.; Hornidge, A.-K.; Bhaduri, A.; Ul Hassan, M.; Lamers, J. P. A.; Awan, Usman Khalid; Vlek, P. L. G. 2013. Adapting to water scarcity: constraints and opportunities for improving irrigation management in Khorezm, Uzbekistan. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 13(2):337-348. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.028]
Water management ; Water scarcity ; Surface water ; Groundwater resources ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation scheduling ; River basins ; Rice ; Salinity control ; Soil water ; Soil moisture ; Vegetation ; Institutions / Uzbekistan / Khorezm
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045861)
(0.36 MB)
Like many irrigation schemes in Central Asia, the one in Khorezm faces a two-fold challenge: on the one side, the severe problems inherited from the past need to be remedied and on the other side, the rising supply–demand gap driven by sharpening competition for water and climate change must be dealt with. Located in the lower part of the Amu Darya basin, Khorezm irrigation and drainage scheme is particularly vulnerable to supply–demand gaps. Promising solutions towards adaptation comprise modified strategies of land and water use towards higher efficiency and flexibility in combination with measures to lessen the constraints of the system itself, which was initially designed for the management of a few, large and uniform production units and not for many diverse and small units. Solutions consist of flexible, modeling-based approaches, re-arranging institutional settings and establishing economic incentive systems. Flexible modeling allows an integrated use of surface and groundwater resources avoiding or minimizing the impact of water stress on yield. Institutional settings strengthen the position of water users via improved participation and transparency of processes in Water Consumers Associations (WCAs). Economic measures support sustainable resource use strategies and improve the functioning of WCAs. The findings could be extrapolated to other regions of Central Asia with similar conditions and challenges.
4 Bekchanov, Maksud; Bhaduri, A.; Lenzen, M.; Lamers, J. P. A. 2014. Integrating input-output modeling with multi-criteria analysis to assess options for sustainable economic transformation: the case of Uzbekistan. In Bhaduri, A.; Bogardi, J.; Leentvaar, J.; Marx, S. (Eds.). The global water system in the anthropocene: challenges for science and governance. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. pp.229-245. (Springer Water)
Economic development ; Economic sectors ; Input output analysis ; Models ; Environmental sustainability ; Indicators ; Water use efficiency ; Water resources ; Virtual water ; Water productivity ; Crop production ; Case studies / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046590)
(0.15 MB)
Integrating economic efficiency and environmental sustainability indicators is essential for designing policies for a sustainable development. Given the growing pressure on water resources, efficient water use becomes an essential environmental criteria for formulating adjustment reforms. Despite the wide use of backward and forward linkages as well as direct and indirect resource (energy, water, etc.) uses based on environmentally extended input-output models for assessing the performance of economic sectors, the common practice of presenting different indicators separately obstructed a straightforward policy interpretation of results. To derive a composite indicator that allows to direct ranking of sectors, we combined therefore a direct and indirect water use intensities with backward and forward linkage indexes by using the multi-criteria analysis method-TOPSIS (Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution). The model was implemented to formulate sectoral transformation measures guided by sustainable growth objectives in Uzbekistan, Central Asia, which is a representative of an area with growing water scarcity. The results showed that the presently promoted crops under the state order system—cotton and wheat—and crop preferred by farmers— rice—are the least effective production options for reaching such a sustainable growth. It is argued therefore that unbiased support for all crops through adaption of the current state order system for cotton and wheat cultivation is needed to achieve a more diversified crop portfolio with an increased share of fruits and vegetables. A further development of agro-processing industries and livestock sector bears more potential for sustainable economic development than a further promotion of producing raw agricultural commodities. Investing in industrial sectors illustrated more potential than in agriculture related sectors when aiming at economic effectiveness and increased water use efficiency. It is concluded that, with a relevant sectoral transformation, Uzbekistan has high opportunities to cope with reduced water availability.
5 Bekchanov, Maksud; Bhaduri, A.; Ringler, C. 2015. Potential gains from water rights trading in the Aral Sea Basin. Agricultural Water Management, 152:41-56. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.12.011]
Water rights ; Water resources ; Water demand ; Water use efficiency ; Water allocation ; Economic aspects ; Cost benefit analysis ; Catchment areas / Central Asia / Kazakhstan / Kyrgyzstan / Tajikistan / Turkmenistan / Uzbekistan / Aral Sea Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046790)
(2.08 MB)
Increasing water demand due to population growth, irrigation expansion, industrial development, and the need for ecosystem improvement under mounting investment costs for developing new water sources calls for the efficient, equitable and sustainable management of water resources. This is particularly essential in the Aral Sea Basin (ASB) where ineffective water management institutions are the primary reason of intersectoral and inter-state water sharing conflicts and lack of incentives for improving water use efficiency. This study examined market-based water allocation as an alternative option to the traditional administrative allocation to deal with water scarcity issues in the ASB. Potential economic gains of tradable water use rights were analyzed based on a newly constructed integrated hydro-economic river basin management model. The analysis differentiates between inter-catchment and intra-catchment water rights trading. The results show that compared to a baseline with fixed water use rights, inter-catchment water rights trading can increase basin-wide benefits by US$ 373–476 million. Under intra-catchment trading, gains are still US$ 259–339 million, depending on relative water availability. Gains from trade are larger under drier conditions. However, water rights trading carries a series of transaction costs. We find that in case transaction costs exceed US$ 0.05/m3 of water traded there is no additional economic gain from water rights trading. Enforcement of the rule of law, infrastructural improvements, participation of representatives of key water stakeholders in decision making processes, and mutual trust and cooperative relationships among the riparian countries are suggested as means for reducing transaction costs of water rights trading contracts.
6 Bekchanov, Maksud; Ringler, C.; Bhaduri, A.. 2018. A water rights trading approach to increasing inflows to the Aral Sea. Land Degradation and Development, 29(4):952-961. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2394]
Water rights ; Water market ; Water allocation ; Water management ; Ecosystems ; Environmental flows ; Irrigation water ; Economic aspects ; Hydrology ; Models ; Rivers ; Flow discharge ; Land use ; Farmers / Central Asia / Kazakhstan / Kyrgyzstan / Tajikistan / Turkmenistan / Uzbekistan / Aral Sea
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047004)
(0.40 MB)
Tremendous development of irrigation since the 1960s combined with unbalanced water resources management led to the destruction of the ecosystems in the delta zone and the gradual desiccation of the Aral Sea, once the fourth largest freshwater lake of the world. Command-and-control based water management in the Aral Sea Basin (ASB) inherited from Soviet times did not create any incentives for investing in improved irrigation infrastructure, adopt water-wise approaches, and thus maintain flows into the Aral Sea. This study examined the potential for market-based water allocation to increase inflows to the Aral Sea while maintaining stable agricultural incomes. We find that a water trading system can improve inflows to the Aral Sea but would require significant compensation for agricultural producers. Agricultural producers can use the compensation payments to cope with reduced water supply by improving irrigation and conveyance efficiencies and by developing alternative rural activities such as livestock grazing, agro-processing, and cultivation of low water consumptive crops. We also find that a water trading system would be more efficient if it includes both trade among irrigation sites and between sites and instream uses.
7 Bekchanov, Maksud; Ringler, C.; Bhaduri, A.; Jeuland, M. 2016. Optimizing irrigation efficiency improvements in the Aral Sea Basin. Water Resources and Economics, 13:30-45. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2015.08.003]
Irrigation efficiency ; Water availability ; Water allocation ; Water scarcity ; Economic aspects ; Investment ; Environmental flows / Central Asia / Kazakhstan / Kyrgyzstan / Tajikistan / Turkmenistan / Uzbekistan / Aral Sea Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047174)
Water scarcity driven by climate change, growing demand, and inefficient management of water and related infrastructure is a serious threat to livelihoods in the Aral Sea Basin (ASB) of Central Asia. In recent decades, downstream water shortages have become increasingly common and inflows into the Aral Sea have become very limited. Meanwhile, water losses are enormous both at conveyance and field levels because of outdated infrastructure and the dominance of highly inefficient basin and furrow irrigation methods. Intensification and modernization of irrigation systems, while requiring investment of scarce capital resources, could thus substantially reduce non-beneficial water consumption and help in coping with increasing water scarcity. This study applies a hydro-economic model that solves for the investment in improved irrigation efficiency across the various irrigation sites in the ASB that delivers the highest economic gains. Improvement of the efficiency of irrigation canals and implementation of field efficiency investments and practices, such as drip irrigation, and alternate dry or short furrow irrigation (for rice), would substantially improve economic outcomes. Conveyance efficiency investments are particularly worthwhile in downstream regions where sandy soils are common and return flows largely feed saline lakes in tail-end depressions. Meanwhile, field-level efficiency should be fully upgraded in all rice-producing regions through the use of drip and alternate wet and dry irrigation, as well as with drip irrigation in the cotton-producing Ferghana Valley of the Syr Darya Basin. The value of these improvements increases with reduced water availability. Implementation of an optimal set of investments could increase basinwide benefits by 20% (from US$ 3.2 to 3.8 billion) under normal water availability and by 40% (from US$ 2.5 to 3.5 billion) under dry conditions (80% of normal supply).
8 Bekchanov, Maksud; Ringler, C.; Bhaduri, A.; Jeuland, M. 2015. How would the Rogun Dam affect water and energy scarcity in Central Asia? Water International, 40(5-6):856-876. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2015.1051788]
Water scarcity ; Energy demand ; Energy generation ; Hydrology ; Economic aspects ; Models ; River basin management ; Upstream ; Water allocation ; Water power ; Irrigation water ; Water availability ; Reservoirs / Central Asia / Aral Sea Basin / Amu Darya Basin / Rogun Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047222)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2015.1051788
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047222.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047222.pdf
(0.00 MB)
The construction of the Rogun Dam in the Amu Darya Basin to increase upstream energy generation creates potential trade-offs with existing downstream irrigation, due to the different timing of energy and irrigation water demands. The present analysis, based on a hydro-economic optimization model, shows that cooperative basin-wide maximization of benefits would lead to large increases in upstream hydropower production and only minor changes in downstream irrigation benefits. However, if upstream stations, including Rogun, are managed unilaterally to maximize energy production, hydropower benefits might more than double while irrigation benefits greatly decrease, thereby substantially reducing overall basin benefits.
9 Bekchanov, Maksud; Lamers, J. P. A.; Bhaduri, A.; Lenzen, M.; Tischbein, B. 2016. Input-output model-based water footprint indicators to support IWRM in the irrigated drylands of Uzbekistan, Central Asia. In Borchardt, D.; Bogardi, J. J.; Ibisch, R. B. (Eds.). Integrated water resources management: concept, research and implementation. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.147-168.
Water footprint ; Water use efficiency ; Water scarcity ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water resources ; Water management ; Indicators ; Irrigated farming ; Agriculture ; Arid zones ; Supply chain ; Economic sectors ; Economic development ; Crop production ; Fruit ; Vegetables ; Cotton ; Rice ; Empowerment / Central Asia / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047543)
(0.52 MB)
Water scarcity due to increasing water demand triggered by population growth and irrigation expansion versus a limited and increasingly variable water supply as a consequence of climate change is presently one of the global challenges. This is exemplified in Uzbekistan, Central Asia, where irrigated agriculture is the primary source of the livelihoods of the rural population that makes more than 60 % of all inhabitants. Yet, socio-economic and ecological challenges keep growing, also due to the inefficient management of water resources. Therefore, options to increase water use efficiency were analyzed while considering the entire supply chain of products including the production, processing, consumption and trade stages and processes. These options were analyzed through an elaborated environmentally extended input-output model. The options examined throughout the entire supply chain included: (i) implementing advanced field-level water saving technologies, (ii) increasing crop diversity through expanding fruits and vegetables production and reducing the area of current dominant crops (cotton and paddy rice in downstream), (iii) fostering the further development of less-water demanding agricultural processing industries, (iv) upgrading production value chains by expanding the production of the commodities with higher values added, (v) reducing production and consumption losses, and (vi) diversifying exports by replacing the current cotton fiber exports with cotton commodities of higher values added. The findings may spur decision-makers to formulating strategic priorities at national level and coordinating water uses considering comprehensively technical, economic and ecological aspects along the entire supply chain, which is a key element of IWRM concepts. However, it is argued that increasing water use efficiency through technological and economic transformation reforms necessitates the empowerment of water users, raising their awareness for, and providing the institutional and market infrastructure, which is in-line with IWRM principles as well.
10 Vlek, P. L. G.; Khamzina, A.; Azadi, H.; Bhaduri, A.; Bharati, Luna; Braimoh, A.; Martius, C.; Sunderland, T.; Taheri, F. 2017. Trade-offs in multi-purpose land use under land degradation. Sustainability, 9(12):1-19. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122196]
Land degradation ; Land use ; Land conservation ; Multipurpose varieties ; Farmland ; Ecosystem services ; Integrated land management ; Water management ; Urbanization ; Biodiversity ; Farmers ; Stakeholders ; Soil moisture ; Climate change ; Carbon stock assessments ; Crop production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048411)
(13.9 MB)
Land provides a host of ecosystem services, of which the provisioning services are often considered paramount. As the demand for agricultural products multiplies, other ecosystem services are being degraded or lost entirely. Finding a sustainable trade-off between food production and one or more of other ecosystem services, given the variety of stakeholders, is a matter of optimizing land use in a dynamic and complex socio-ecological system. Land degradation reduces our options to meet both food demands and environmental needs. In order to illustrate this trade-off dilemma, four representative services, carbon sinks, water storage, biodiversity, and space for urbanization, are discussed here based on a review of contemporary literature that cuts across the domain of ecosystem services that are provided by land. Agricultural research will have to expand its focus from the field to the landscape level and in the process examine the cost of production that internalizes environmental costs. In some situations, the public cost of agriculture in marginal environments outweighs the private gains, even with the best technologies in place. Land use and city planners will increasingly have to address the cost of occupying productive agricultural land or the conversion of natural habitats. Landscape designs and urban planning should aim for the preservation of agricultural land and the integrated management of land resources by closing water and nutrient cycles, and by restoring biodiversity.
11 Jamwal, P.; Brown, R.; Kookana, R.; Drechsel, Pay; McDonald, R.; Vorosmarty, C. J.; van Vliet, M. T. H.; Bhaduri, A.. 2019. The future of urban clean water and sanitation. One Earth, 1(1):10-12. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2019.08.010]
Water quality ; Sanitation ; Urban areas ; Drinking water ; Water management ; Technology ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Population growth ; Informal settlements
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049378)
https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2590-3322%2819%2930016-8
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049378.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049378.pdf
(0.69 MB) (700 KB)
Billions of people currently lack clean water and sanitation. By 2050 the global population will have grown to nearly 10 billion, over two-thirds of whom will live in urban areas. This Voices asks: what are the research and water-management priorities to ensure clean water and sanitation in the world’s cities?
12 Vorosmarty, C. J.; Stewart-Koster, B.; Green, P. A.; Boone, E. L.; Florke, M.; Fischer, G.; Wiberg, David A.; Bunn, S. E.; Bhaduri, A.; McIntyre, P. B.; Sadoff, C.; Liu, H.; Stifel, David. 2021. A green-gray path to global water security and sustainable infrastructure. Global Environmental Change, 70:102344. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102344]
Water security ; Water resources ; Water management ; Infrastructure ; Natural capital ; Ecosystem services ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Environmental degradation ; Forecasting ; Investment ; Frameworks ; Economic aspects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050666)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378021001230/pdfft?md5=ca672c3daa45eeb798d8a5cf9a93f3bb&pid=1-s2.0-S0959378021001230-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050666.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050666.pdf
(11.20 MB) (11.2 MB)
Sustainable development demands reliable water resources, yet traditional water management has broadly failed to avoid environmental degradation and contain infrastructure costs. We explore the global-scale feasibility of combining natural capital with engineering-based (green-gray) approaches to meet water security threats over the 21st century. Threats to water resource systems are projected to rise throughout this period, together with a significant expansion in engineering deployments and progressive loss of natural capital. In many parts of the world, strong path dependencies are projected to arise from the legacy of prior environmental degradation that constrains future water management to a heavy reliance on engineering-based approaches. Elsewhere, retaining existing stocks of natural capital creates opportunities to employ blended green-gray water infrastructure. By 2050, annual engineering expenditures are projected to triple to $2.3 trillion, invested mainly in developing economies. In contrast, preserving natural capital for threat suppression represents a potential $3.0 trillion in avoided replacement costs by mid-century. Society pays a premium whenever these nature-based assets are lost, as the engineering costs necessary to achieve an equivalent level of threat management are, on average, twice as expensive. Countries projected to rapidly expand their engineering investments while losing natural capital will be most constrained in realizing green-gray water management. The situation is expected to be most restrictive across the developing world, where the economic, technical, and governance capacities to overcome such challenges remain limited. Our results demonstrate that policies that support blended green-gray approaches offer a pathway to future global water security but will require a strategic commitment to preserving natural capital. Absent such stewardship, the costs of water resource infrastructure and services will likely rise substantially and frustrate efforts to attain universal and sustainable water security.
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