Your search found 4 records
1 Murray, A.; Buckley, C. 2010. Designing reuse-oriented sanitation infrastructure: the design for service planning approach. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.303-318. (Also in French).
Sanitation ; Sewage ; Reuse ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Case studies / Ghana / China / Pixian / Chengdu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042615)
(0.20 MB)
The reuse or utilization of wastewater, faecal sludge and its embodied resources is widely acknowledged in the field of sanitation as a key component of complete sanitation. Reuse, for agriculture and other applications, is conventionally considered a means of mitigating water shortage or abating water pollution. We contend that reuse- oriented sanitation can also be leveraged to improve the long-term efficacy of a treatment scheme by providing tangible and quantifiable incentives for sound operation and maintenance that exceed those associated with running a disposal facility. The standards that need to be met for agricultural reuse are different from those required for discharge to the aquatic environment. This difference requires a change in the design philosophy and can lead to cost savings in the type of treatment process, the energy demand and the skills needed for operation. So, rather than a more complex system, wastewater treatment designed for agricultural reuse can result in a more appropriate plant for developing countries striving to enhance access to improved sanitation. To facilitate a culture of designing site-specific and reuse-oriented systems from the outset of the planning process, this chapter introduces a five-step planning tool, Design for Service (DFS). DFS defines wastewater as a resource and choices about its reuse inform the infrastructure design including site and technology selection, and plant scale. We highlight reuse schemes at various stages of implementation in South Africa to exemplify difficulties faced in the absence of accessible planning frameworks. To demonstrate how DFS can be used for rehabilitating schemes that have fallen into disrepair and for the design of new reuse-oriented sanitation systems, we describe projects that are currently underway in Ghana and China, respectively.
2 Murray, A.; Buckley, C. 2011. Creation d’infrastructures d’assainissement axees sur la reutilisation: l’approche de la planification de la conception pour les services. In French. [Designing reuse-oriented sanitation infrastructure: the design for service planning approach]. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. L’irrigation avec des eaux usees et la sante: evaluer et attenuer les risques dans les pays a faible revenu. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Quebec, Canada: University of Quebec. pp.327-344. (Also in English).
Sanitation ; Sewage ; Reuse ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Case studies / Ghana / China / Pixian / Chengdu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044472)
(5.96MB)
The reuse or utilization of wastewater, faecal sludge and its embodied resources is widely acknowledged in the field of sanitation as a key component of complete sanitation. Reuse, for agriculture and other applications, is conventionally considered a means of mitigating water shortage or abating water pollution. We contend that reuse- oriented sanitation can also be leveraged to improve the long-term efficacy of a treatment scheme by providing tangible and quantifiable incentives for sound operation and maintenance that exceed those associated with running a disposal facility. The standards that need to be met for agricultural reuse are different from those required for discharge to the aquatic environment. This difference requires a change in the design philosophy and can lead to cost savings in the type of treatment process, the energy demand and the skills needed for operation. So, rather than a more complex system, wastewater treatment designed for agricultural reuse can result in a more appropriate plant for developing countries striving to enhance access to improved sanitation. To facilitate a culture of designing site-specific and reuse-oriented systems from the outset of the planning process, this chapter introduces a five-step planning tool, Design for Service (DFS). DFS defines wastewater as a resource and choices about its reuse inform the infrastructure design including site and technology selection, and plant scale. We highlight reuse schemes at various stages of implementation in South Africa to exemplify difficulties faced in the absence of accessible planning frameworks. To demonstrate how DFS can be used for rehabilitating schemes that have fallen into disrepair and for the design of new reuse-oriented sanitation systems, we describe projects that are currently underway in Ghana and China, respectively.
3 Qiao, X.; Schmidt, A. H.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Chen, X.; Xiang, R.; Tang, Y.; Wang, W. 2021. Surface water quality in the upstream-most megacity of the Yangtze River Basin (Chengdu): 2000–2019 trends, the COVID-19 lockdown effects, and water governance implications. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 10:100118. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2021.100118]
Surface water ; Water quality ; Water management ; River basins ; Water governance ; COVID-19 ; Urban areas ; Water pollution ; Faecal coliforms ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Economic growth ; Downstream ; Monitoring / China / Yangtze River Basin / Chengdu / Sichuan Basin / Min Basin / Tuo Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050539)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972721000192/pdfft?md5=019ccf161166ca9e1fe600744729056a&pid=1-s2.0-S2665972721000192-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050539.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050539.pdf
(2.99 MB) (2.99 MB)
Water is essential for a sustainable economic prosperity, but rapid economic growth and intensive agricultural activities usually cause water pollution. The middle and lower reaches of China’s Yangtze River Basin were urbanized and industrialized much earlier than the upper reach and have been suffering from water pollution. In the past two decades, economic growth accelerated in the upper reach due to several national economic initiatives. Based on analyzing water quality changes from 2000 to 2019 and during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 for Chengdu in the upper reach, we hope to provide some water governance suggestions. In 2019, water at 66% of 93 sites in Chengdu did not achieve the national III standards using measurements of 23 water quality parameters. The top two pollutants were total nitrogen (TN) and fecal coliform (FC). From 2000 to 2019, water quality was not significantly improved at the non-background sites of Chengdu's Min Basin, and the pollution in this basin was mainly from local pollutants release. During the same period, water quality deteriorated in Chengdu’s Tuo Basin, where pollution was the result of pollutant discharges in Chengdu in addition to inter-city pollutant transport. During the COVID-19 lockdown, water quality generally improved in the Min Basin but not in the Tuo Basin. A further investigation on which pollution sources were shut down or not during the lockdown can help make pollution reduction targets. Based on the results, we provide suggestions to strengthen inter-jurisdictional and inter-institutional cooperation, water quality monitoring and evaluation, and ecological engineering application.
4 Sijing, X.; Gang, L.; Biao, M. 2023. Vulnerability analysis of land ecosystem considering ecological cost and value: a complex network approach. Ecological Indicators, 147:109941. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.109941]
Land transfers ; Ecosystems ; Networks ; Vulnerability ; Economic development ; Land use change ; Vulnerability ; Land resources ; Resilience ; Dry lands ; Landscape ; Urbanization ; Ecological factors ; Environmental factors / China / Sichuan / Pidu / Chengdu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051715)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23000833/pdfft?md5=1cad77de32fb5b46ba9ca7a7848df845&pid=1-s2.0-S1470160X23000833-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051715.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051715.pdf
(3.23 MB) (3.23 MB)
The urban–rural fringe is the most sensitive area in the process of urban expansion and rural revitalization. It is important to study the complex coupling relationship between economic development and ecological protection in the urban–rural fringe from a holistic and dynamic perspective. The complex network theory is utilized in this study to analyze how land use change (LUC) affects ecosystems' structural and functional vulnerabilities. From the perspective of network modeling and analysis, the network eco-efficiency indicator for the vulnerability analysis of the land transfer network is defined considering the ecological cost and value in this study. Based on this, we propose a method for analyzing the vulnerability of the functioning of land ecosystem. In order to testify the effectiveness of the method, this study takes the southeastern corner of the Pidu District of Chengdu as the research object. The result shows: (1) Under the combined effect of urban expansion and rural revitalization, the utilization of land resources in the region is relatively poor, the development of urbanization is slow, and the rural ecological environment has not been improved; (2) The ecological land is the transfer-out type, the artificial land is the transfer-in type. Grassland is the primary key land type that is essential to the network's connectivity but also the most at risk to attack. Although the stability of the land ecosystem is not great, it is generally progressing in a stable direction; (3) To maintain the resilience of the land ecosystem and alleviate the vulnerability, at least 85% of the dryland and 45% of the urban residential land need to be protected; (4) A 20% increase of dryland and paddy is positive to enhancing the resilience of the ecosystem and reducing the negative impact on the ecosystem in the process of land use transition. The research results can provide a reference for the coordinated development of “land-economy-ecology” in the urban–rural fringe.
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