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1 Zinzani, A. 2016. Hydraulic bureaucracies and irrigation management transfer in Uzbekistan: the case of Samarkand province. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 32(2):232-246. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1058765]
Water management ; Bureaucracy ; Irrigation management ; Privatization ; Water user associations ; Institutional reform ; State intervention ; Water policy ; Water authorities ; Water governance ; Political aspects ; Agriculture ; Farmers / Uzbekistan / Samarkand / Urgut / Nurabad / Pastdargom
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047478)
(0.59 MB)
Since the 1990s, Irrigation Management Transfer has been considered the world over to be a policy aimed at rolling back state influence in water management according to a neo-liberal approach. The initiative was endorsed by international organizations as a way of reforming the water sector in developing countries. Reflecting on this process, the role of hydraulic bureaucracies in driving reforms oriented towards IMT has often been neglected in academic debate. This article discusses the logic of IMT implementation and the establishment of Water Users’ Associations (WUAs) in Uzbekistan, specifically in Samarkand province. These dynamics have been analysed over the last 10 years showing different trajectories within Uzbekistan. Data were collected through extensive fieldwork in three districts in Samarkand province. The evidence acquired shows that, on the one hand, WUAs were established to be a new structure for state control over water and agriculture, in conflict with IMT rationale, and, on the other, that WUAs were created in the province as a result of a local initiative promoted by the hydraulic bureaucracy and accepted by the national authorities due to influential power relations.
2 Wang, M.; Chen, X.; Sidike, A.; Cao, L.; DeMaeyer, P.; Kurban, A. 2021. Optimal allocation of surface water resources at the provincial level in the Uzbekistan Region of the Amudarya River Basin. Water, 13(11):1446. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111446]
Surface water ; Water resources ; Water allocation ; River basins ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water distribution ; Water use ; Livestock ; Irrigation ; Ecology ; Canals ; Economic aspects ; Models ; Optimization / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Amudarya River Basin / Aral Sea / Kashkadarya River / Zarafshan River / Bukhara / Samarkand / Navoiy / Khorezm / Karakalpakstan / Karshi Canal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050536)
(2.31 MB) (2.31 MB)
Water users in the Amudarya River Basin in Uzbekistan are suffering severe water use competition and uneven water allocation, which seriously threatens ecosystems, as shown, for example, in the well-known Aral Sea catastrophe. This study explores the optimized water allocation schemes in the study area at the provincial level under different incoming flow levels, based on the current water distribution quotas among riparian nations, which are usually ignored in related research. The optimization model of the inexact two-stage stochastic programming method is used, which is characterized by probability distributions and interval values. Results show that (1) water allocation is redistributed among five different sectors. Livestock, industrial, and municipality have the highest water allocation priority, and water competition mainly exists in the other two sectors of irrigation and ecology; (2) water allocation is redistributed among six different provinces, and allocated water only in Bukhara and Khorezm can satisfy the upper bound of water demand; (3) the ecological sector can receive a guaranteed water allocation of 8.237–12.354 km3; (4) under high incoming flow level, compared with the actual water distribution, the total allocated water of four sectors (except for ecology) is reduced by 3.706 km3 and total economic benefits are increased by USD 3.885B.
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