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1 Alvi, M.; Barooah, P.; Gupta, S.; Saini, S. 2021. Women's access to agriculture extension amidst COVID-19: insights from Gujarat, India and Dang, Nepal. Agricultural Systems, 188:103035. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103035]
Agricultural extension systems ; Gender ; Women farmers ; Access to information ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Resilience ; Agricultural productivity ; Social networks ; Households ; Ethnic groups ; Communities ; State intervention / South Asia / India / Nepal / Gujarat / Dang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050162)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X20308969/pdfft?md5=770c598c6cc5e8954a4b9426e0f58cc0&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X20308969-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050162.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050162.pdf
(1.20 MB) (1.20 MB)
COVID-19 induced lockdowns have had far reaching impacts on the rural sector, particularly on women farmers. These impacts have been exacerbated by lack of access to reliable and timely agriculture information. Using panel phone survey data from India and Nepal, we study how women's access to agricultural extension was impacted by the lockdowns and its effect on agricultural productivity. We find that women's already low access to formal extension was reduced further, leading to an increased reliance on informal social networks. In both countries, nearly 50% farmers reported negative impacts on productivity due to inaccessibility of information during the lockdown. In India, we find that access to formal extension is mediated by crop type, geographic location and caste identity. We discuss ways in which extension systems in India and Nepal can be made more inclusive and resilient to future crisis, including by adapting group and community-based approaches to post-pandemic best practices.
2 Barooah, P.; Alvi, M.; Ringler, C.; Pathak, V. 2023. Gender, agriculture policies, and climate-smart agriculture in India. Agricultural Systems, 212:103751. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103751]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Gender ; Women farmers ; Agriculture ; Policies ; Food security ; Vulnerability ; Rainfall ; Agricultural productivity ; Livestock ; Agricultural development ; Resilience ; Households ; Indicators / India / Gujarat
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052301)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X23001567/pdfft?md5=b569d91224ef6182f6b3bfec13693cc7&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X23001567-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052301.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052301.pdf
(1.17 MB) (1.17 MB)
CONTEXT: India's agricultural systems are increasingly affected by climate change's adverse effects. The Government of India has an impressive set of programs to address this issue, but they have substantial shortcomings, especially in reaching women farmers.
OBJECTIVE: We aim to understand policy and implementation gaps in reaching women farmers with climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and study how women and men farmer's different roles in agriculture shape their needs and access to complementary services needed to adapt to climate change.
METHODS: An extensive review of India's agriculture and climate policies and program and a series of focus group discussions with farmers in Gujarat, India to discuss constraints and potential entry points for better reaching women farmers with CSA practices.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Women's increased vulnerability to climate change and reduced access to CSA practices can be attributed to limited land ownership, poor access to credit, reduced access to information and formal extension, and multiple pressures on their time. Village cooperatives and self-help groups can be leveraged to support women's access to agricultural information and adoption of CSA practices.
SIGNIFICANCE: This paper highlights constraints to information and extension access by Indian women farmers that could impede the widespread adoption of CSA practices. It fills an important knowledge gap in designing gender-responsive policies and inclusive agricultural extension systems to promote adoption of CSA practices among smallholder farmers.
OBJECTIVE: We aim to understand policy and implementation gaps in reaching women farmers with climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and study how women and men farmer's different roles in agriculture shape their needs and access to complementary services needed to adapt to climate change.
METHODS: An extensive review of India's agriculture and climate policies and program and a series of focus group discussions with farmers in Gujarat, India to discuss constraints and potential entry points for better reaching women farmers with CSA practices.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Women's increased vulnerability to climate change and reduced access to CSA practices can be attributed to limited land ownership, poor access to credit, reduced access to information and formal extension, and multiple pressures on their time. Village cooperatives and self-help groups can be leveraged to support women's access to agricultural information and adoption of CSA practices.
SIGNIFICANCE: This paper highlights constraints to information and extension access by Indian women farmers that could impede the widespread adoption of CSA practices. It fills an important knowledge gap in designing gender-responsive policies and inclusive agricultural extension systems to promote adoption of CSA practices among smallholder farmers.
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