Your search found 8 records
1 Kloppmann, W.; Sandhu, C.; Groeschke, M.; Pandian, R. S.; Picot-Colbeau, G.; Fahimuddin, M.; Ahmed, S.; Alazard, M.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Bhola, P.; Boisson, A.; Elango, L.; Feistel, U.; Fischer, S.; Ghosh, N. C.; Grischek, T.; Grutzmacher, G.; Hamann, E.; Nair, I. S.; Jampani, Mahesh; Mondal, N. C.; Monninkhoff, B.; Pettenati, M.; Rao, S.; Sarah, S.; Schneider, M.; Sklorz, S.; Thiery, D.; Zabel, A. 2015. Modelling of natural water treatment systems in India: Learning from the Saph Pani case studies. In Wintgens. T.; Nattorp, A.; Elango, L.; Asolekar, S. R. (Eds.). Natural water treatment systems for safe and sustainable water supply in the Indian context: Saph Pani, London, UK: IWA Publishing. pp. 227-250.
Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Models ; Riverbank protection ; Filtration ; Wetlands ; Flow discharge ; Water quality ; Water reuse ; Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Groundwater management ; Watershed management ; Surface water ; Coastal area ; Drinking water ; Salt water intrusion ; Geology ; Weathering ; Irrigation canals ; Case studies / India / New Delhi / Chennai / Tamil Nadu / Telangana / Hyderabad / Maheshwaram / Uttarakhand / Haridwar / Yamuna River / Ganga River / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047553)
https://zenodo.org/record/61088/files/9781780408392_14.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047553.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047553.pdf
(12.42 MB) (3.9 MB)
2 Rajmohan, N.; Patel, N.; Amarasinghe, Upali A. 2017. Hydrochemical evaluation and identification of geochemical processes in the shallow and deep wells in the Ramganga Sub-Basin, India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24:21459-21475. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9704-z]
Hydrology ; Chemical compounds ; Geochemical prospecting ; Wells ; Groundwater management ; Water quality ; River basins ; Aquifers ; Elements ; Minerals ; Ion exchange ; Contamination ; Carbonates ; Weathering / India / Ramganga Sub-Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048205)
Groundwater samples were collected from 44 wells in the Ramganga Sub-Basin (RSB), India, and analysed for major ions, nutrients and trace metals. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the hydrochemistry and to identify the geochemical processes that govern the water chemistry in the shallow and deep tube wells in the study area using geochemical methods. The knowledge of changes in hydrochemistry of the aquifers is important for both groundwater recharge and use in the region. This study found that there are substantial differences of water chemistry between shallow and deep wells. In the shallow wells, the average concentrations of total dissolved solid (TDS), Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, PO4, F, Cu, Mn, Fe and Cr are twofold higher than the deep wells. The concentrations of dissolved silica in the groundwater do not vary with the depth, which implies that the variation in the water chemistry is not due to mineral dissolution alone. Major ion ratios and saturation indices suggest that the water chemistry is predominantly controlled by dissolution of carbonate minerals, silicate weathering and ion exchange reactions. Thermodynamic evaluation (ion activity ratios and stability filed diagrams) indicates that the kaolinite and gibbsite controlled the water chemistry in the both shallow and deep wells. In addition, the groundwater chemistry in the shallow wells is affected by the vertical infiltration of contaminated water from surface contamination sources and nitrification process. In the deep wells, absence of NO3 and low concentrations of Cl, SO4, PO4 and F imply the role of regional flow and denitrification in the groundwater. Results concluded that proper management plan is necessary to protect the shallow aquifer in the RSB since shallow aquifer pumping is less expensive than the deeper one.
3 Srivastava, A. K.; Parimal, P. S. 2020. Source rock weathering and groundwater suitability for irrigation in Purna Alluvial Basin, Maharashtra, Central India. Journal of Earth System Science, 129(1):52. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-019-1312-5]
Groundwater assessment ; Water quality ; Weathering ; Monsoon climate ; Chemicophysical properties ; Irrigation water ; Salinity ; Wells ; Hydrogeology ; Alluvial aquifers / India / Maharashtra / Purna Alluvial Basin / Purna River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049763)
(0.36 MB)
Purna alluvial basin is characterized by low to high level groundwater salinity having adverse effect in a large area, however, the basin still lacks one-time data of any season regarding hydrogeochemistry and quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes. The present work is aimed to determine various weathering indices and estimation of groundwater quality for irrigation purpose. The interpretations are based on the study of total 158 samples, collected from dug wells (60) and bore wells (98) during both pre- and post-monsoon periods of the year 2009. The plots between Ca+Mg vs. SO4+HCO3, Na vs. Cl and Na vs. HCO3 reveal that most of the samples fall below the equiline that indicates prevalence of silicate weathering. The USSL diagram (Wilcox diagram) demonstrates higher concentration of points in the fields of C2S1 and C3S1 for both the aquifers, indicating high salinity and low to medium sodium water; however, a few sample points positioned in C3S4 and C4S4 fields indicate high salinity but medium to high sodium. The values of Na%, RSC, Kelley ratio and magnesium ratio for most of samples exhibit doubtful to unsuitable categories of groundwater for irrigation from both the aquifers during pre- and post-monsoon periods. The vast data bank generated for entire basin is significant for government and non-government organizations for future planning and management.
4 Mapa, R. B. (Ed.) 2020. The soils of Sri Lanka. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 128p. (World Soils Book Series) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44144-9]
Soil types ; Soil surveys ; Soil sciences ; Geomorphology ; Geology ; Soil degradation ; Soil fertility ; Soil salinity ; Soil erosion ; Mineralogical soil types ; Tropical soils ; Clay minerals ; Kaolinite ; Smectites ; Luvisols ; Acrisols ; Alluvial soils ; Rock ; Weathering ; Highlands ; Landslides ; Arid zones ; Lowland ; Climatic zones ; Agroecological zones ; Coastal plains ; Floodplains ; Plantation crops ; Land resources ; Land use planning ; Legislation ; Drainage systems ; Eutrophication ; Environmental effects ; Monsoon climate ; Rain ; Temperature ; Waterlogging / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H049945)
5 Kumar, S.; Joshi, S. K.; Pant, N.; Singh, S.; Chakravorty, B.; Saini, R. K.; Kumar, V.; Singh, A.; Ghosh, N. C.; Mukherjee, A.; Rai, P.; Singh, V. 2021. Hydrogeochemical evolution and groundwater recharge processes in arsenic enriched area in central Gangetic Plain, India. Applied Geochemistry, 131:105044. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.105044]
Groundwater recharge ; Hydrology ; Geochemistry ; Groundwater table ; Arsenic ; Stable isotopes ; Aquifers ; Water level ; Weathering ; Rivers / India / Gangetic Plains / Uttar Pradesh / Ballia District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050479)
(7.44 MB)
The present study dealt with understanding hydrogeochemical evolution, ascertaining distribution, fate and spatio-temporal variation of arsenic along with comprehending recharge processes and quantification of recharge rate in the central Gangetic plain, India. The arsenic enriched area was observed mostly in the fluvial deposits with younger alluvium. The depth to water levels maps for 1996 and 2016 showed marked spatio-temporal variation and the groundwater recharge rate was estimated to be varied between 0.05 m/year and 0.07 m/year in the study area. The elevated arsenic concentration was noticed in the region, having declined groundwater recharge. A total of 147 water samples were collected from hand pumps (n = 141) and rivers (n = 6) during the pre-monsoon period (May 2016). In addition, about 81 groundwater samples were collected from 27 locations during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter 2019 for studying seasonal variability in the hydrogeochemical parameters and isotopic composition of water. Arsenic concentration was found more in the area where deposits of coarser sediment of the Quaternary period was present along the rivers Ganga and Ghaghra. The arsenic concentration was observed higher in the pre-monsoon (maxm. As 641 µg/L), followed by the post-monsoon (425 µg/L) and monsoon season (375 µg/L). The depleted isotopic value and higher D-excess values in groundwater suggested active recharge conditions with precipitation as the major source of recharge in the study area. It is hypothesized that rainwater induced oxygenated water into the aquifer by the process of recharge, which may prompted various biogeochemical reactions due to change in redox conditions and endorsed arsenic sorption in the monsoon season. Thereafter, anoxic conditions prevailed in the post-monsoon season, and finally, in the pre-monsoon season, reducing conditions continued and arsenic released at a rapid rate, which was justified with the seasonal variation of arsenic concentration.
6 Ghimire, M.; Regmi, T.; Kayastha, S. P.; Bhuiyan, C. 2023. Groundwater quality and community health risk in Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Nepal – a geospatial analysis. Geocarto International, 38(1):2168069. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2023.2168069]
Groundwater ; Geochemistry ; Water quality ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Spatial data ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Water supply ; Sewage ; Aquifers ; Contamination ; Weathering / Nepal / Kathmandu Valley / Lalitpur / Bhaktapur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051709)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/10106049.2023.2168069?needAccess=true&role=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051709.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051709.pdf
(9.18 MB) (9.18 MB)
Groundwater is the main source of drinking water in the Kathmandu Valley (Nepal). To assess the groundwater quality of Lalitpur Metropolitan City (LMC) of this valley, samples were collected in winter and post-monsoon seasons from 35 shallow dug wells and 16 parameters: pH, TDS, EC, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Total hardness, Cl¯, HCO3¯, NO3¯, NH4+, Fe, PO43-, SO42-, and Total Coliform were analysed. Hydrochemical analysis and GIS-based mapping have revealed spatial and seasonal variations in water quality. The concentration of most of the parameters was higher in the winter samples compared to the post-monsoon. Comparison with the WHO and NDWQS guidelines has revealed anomalous water chemistry. Zones hosting groundwater, suitable and unsuitable for drinking and irrigation were demarcated. However, the presence of pathogens in all the groundwater samples put the entire population of LMC under high health risk. This study bears importance in groundwater exploration, management, and prevention of water-borne diseases.
7 Indika, S.; Hu, D.; Wei, Y.; Yapabandara, I.; Cooray, T.; Makehelwala, M.; Jinadasa, K. B. S. N.; Weragoda, S. K.; Weerasooriya, R.; Pang, Z. 2023. Spatiotemporal variation of groundwater quality in North Central Province, Sri Lanka. ACS EST Water, 12p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.2c00490]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Shallow water ; Nanofiltration ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Dry season ; Wet season ; Salinity ; Surface water ; Drinking water ; Fluorides ; Sodium ; Reverse osmosis ; Wells ; Evaporation ; Weathering ; Aquifers ; Parameters ; Irrigation water ; Organic matter ; Water supply ; Water treatment / Sri Lanka / North Central Province / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051914)
(7.18 MB)
This study focused on fulfilling the demand for a comprehensive investigation of groundwater quality in the North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all). The NCP was selected as the study area due to its highest prevalence of chronic kidney disease with unknown etiology within Sri Lanka. Here, 334 shallow and deep groundwater samples were collected at the end of wet and dry seasons, respectively. Results revealed that elevated and unexpected levels of salinity, hardness, fluoride, nitrate, sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon and the alkaline nature of groundwater were the main issues, and the Ca-HCO3 type was dominant in the groundwater. Water quality index analyses showed that 8.9% and 13.8% of wells had poor quality undrinkable groundwater in wet and dry seasons, respectively. Only 7% of samples were susceptible to sodium and salinity hazards for irrigational use. Reverse osmosis technology with a softening and activated carbon pretreatment process was identified as the most suitable way to treat groundwater with high salinity for many regions of the NCP. The groundwater quality atlas for the NCP created by this study was very useful for making a master plan of safe drinking water supplies and developing and implementing cost-effective water purification technologies in the NCP.
8 Din, I. U.; Muhammad, S.; ur Rehman, I. 2023. Groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Hangu District, Pakistan. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 115:104919. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104919]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Water springs ; Tube wells ; Wells ; Weathering ; Physicochemical processes ; Models ; Anthropogenic factors ; Electrical conductivity ; Statistical methods / Pakistan / Kohat Plateau / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa / Hangu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052128)
(5.76 MB)
The current study examined the groundwater quality of different water sources for drinking and irrigation purposes in Hangu District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Groundwater samples (n = 71) were collected from various sources, including spring, bore well, dug well, and tube well, and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Results showed that most of the physicochemical parameters were found within the world health organization (WHO) guidelines set for drinking water, except turbidity, magnesium (Mg+2), sodium (Na+), fluoride (F ), chloride (Cl ), nitrate (NO3 ), and sulfate (SO42-). The drinking water quality index (WQI) was evaluated and categorized as good to poor. Irrigation indices such as sodium hazards, including sodium percentage (Na+%) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were calculated. According to SAR and Wilcox diagrams, the water was suitable for irrigation, except for 5% of sampling sites. Piper’s and Gibb’s plot models described that water quality mainly exhibited calcium-bicarbonate (Ca-HCO3) types and showed rock weathering dominance, respectively. According to statistical assessments, geogenic causes of rock weathering are the most crucial source of regulating the water quality in the area.
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