Your search found 45 records
1 Low, P. S. 2005. Climate change and Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 369p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577.22 G100 LOW Record No: H047089)
(0.33 MB)
2 Nhamo, Luxon. 2015. Trends and Outlook: Agricultural Water Management in southern Africa. SADC AgWater profiles. [Project report submitted to United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID’s) Feed the Future Program]. Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 55p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047388)
(1.38 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048378)
(0.53 MB)
Tuli Karoo transboundary aquifer (TBA) is shared between Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The TBA provides groundwater resources for various economic activities. Irrespective of the value offered by this TBA, there is very little research that has been conducted to improve understanding of the physical system and potential cross-border impacts that can result from exploitation of the aquifer. In the wake of this limited research, this paper uses theoretical background and conceptual understanding to highlight some of the activities that have the potential to cause conflicts within the TBA. This article presents and discusses the current hydrogeological conceptual understanding of the Tuli Karoo TBA system, social and economic activities and their potential impacts on the TBA. Based on the discussions of various scenarios, it can be argued that the potential for groundwater cross-border flow and impacts exist within the TBA. With the ever-increasing and competing demands for fresh water and unpredictable rainfall patterns in the region, the possibility of future conflicts cannot be ruled out. It is hoped that this study can assist in raising awareness about the need to address aspects of sustainable exploitation and management of the TBA.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048729)
(2.08 MB) (2.08 MB)
The discourse on the need for water, energy, and food security has dominated the development agenda of southern African countries, centred on improving livelihoods, building resilience, and regional integration. About 60% of the population in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) live in rural areas relying mainly on rainfed agriculture, lacking access to clean water and energy, yet the region is endowed with vast natural resources. The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus is a conceptual framework that presents opportunities for greater resource coordination, management, and policy convergence across sectors. This is particularly relevant in the SADC region as resources are transboundary and supports efforts linked to regional integration and inclusive socio-economic development and security. We conducted an appraisal of WEF-related policies and institutions in SADC and identified linkages among them. The present ‘silo’ approach in resource management and allocation, often conducted at the national level, contributes to the region’s failure to meet its development targets, exacerbating its vulnerabilities. The lack of coordination of WEF nexus synergies and trade-offs in planning often threatens the sustainability of development initiatives. We highlighted the importance of the WEF nexus to sustainably address the sectoral coordination of resources through harmonised institutions and policies, as well as setting targets and indicators to direct and monitor nexus developments. We illustrate the significance of the nexus in promoting inclusive development and transforming vulnerable communities into resilient societies. The study recommends a set of integrated assessment models to monitor and evaluate the implementation of WEF nexus targets. Going forward, we propose the adoption of a regional WEF nexus framework.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048773)
(1.14 MB)
Achieving water security has emerged as a major objective in Africa, yet an analytical or diagnostic framework for assessing water security in African countries is not known to exist. This paper applies one key dimension of the 2016 Asian Development Bank's (ADB) Asian Water Development Outlook (AWDO) to assess levels of water security for productive economies in countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Economic aspects of water security cover four areas: economic activities in the broad sense, agriculture, electricity, and industry. Water security in each area is measured through application of a set of indicators; results of indicator application are then aggregated to determine economic water security at a country-level. Results show that economic water security in SADC is greatest in the Seychelles and South Africa, and lowest in Madagascar and Malawi. Opportunities for strengthening economic water security in the majority of SADC countries exist through improving agricultural water productivity, strengthening resilience, and expanding sustainable electricity generation. More profoundly, this paper suggests that there is clear potential and utility in applying approaches used elsewhere to assess economic water security in southern Africa.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049286)
(0.61 MB) (632 KB)
The objective of this brief is to analyze Eswatini’s performance and discuss lessons from the implementation of the inaugural CAADP BR mechanism. Based on the results, recommendations are proposed for strengthening mutual accountability and performance of the agriculture sector in Eswatini. The analysis is based on results of the Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard (AATS) that was presented to African Heads of State and Government in January 2018. Additional information for the analysis came from technical notes in Eswatini’s BR report. Furthermore, experiences and lessons from continental and regional engagements in the implementation of the BR process were also integrated in the analysis.
7 Khesa, M.; Nhemachena, Charles; Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso. 2019. Africa agriculture transformation scorecard performance and lessons for Lesotho. Pretoria, South Africa: Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Southern Africa (ReSAKSS-SA). 8p. (Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Biennial Review Brief)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049287)
(0.64 MB) (660 KB)
This BR brief shows that Lesotho was not on track to meet the Malabo Declaration targets for 2025. Three commitments were on track: recommitment to CAADP, boosting intra-Africa trade in agriculture, and mutual accountability for action and results, while the others were not on track. Lesotho was on track on 6 of the 43 indicators, highlighting the substantial efforts required to implement the commitments of the Malabo Declaration and national priorities in the agriculture sector.
This brief summarizes the performance, key issues, and recommendations for Lesotho from the inaugural BR report to help improve and strengthen the country’s efforts to domesticate and implement the commitments of the Malabo Declaration within its own national agricultural investment plan and strategy.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049288)
(0.65 MB) (668 KB)
In line with the continental commitment on mutual accountability, Malawi implemented the BR process to track progress in the implementation of the CAADP agenda, particularly the 2014 Malabo commitments. The process provided a platform for stakeholders in the agriculture sector (the public sector, private sector, development partners, civil society organizations, academia, and research institutions) to hold each other mutually accountable on both the financial and nonfinancial commitments they made on common development goals for the agriculture sector. The BR process also helped provide a platform for agriculture sector stakeholders to learn from each other (peer learning).
The objective of this brief is to present Malawi’s performance and discuss lessons from the implementation of the inaugural CAADP BR mechanism.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049289)
(0.68 MB) (696 KB)
The main objective of this BR brief is to summarize the performance, key issues, and recommendations for improving progress toward agricultural transformation in Zimbabwe. This brief provides recommendations and action items based on Zimbabwe’s performance in the inaugural BR mechanism to help the country improve its domestication and implementation of the Malabo Declaration commitments. In addition, recommendations are shared to help the country strengthen mutual accountability to actions and results, ultimately contributing to improving the country’s progress towards achieving the Malabo targets by 2025.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049307)
(0.76 MB) (776 KB)
To ensure that the Biannual Review (BR) process embodies the CAADP/Malabo principles, particularly focusing on Commitment 7 (enhancing mutual accountability for actions and results) of the Malabo Declaration, the African Union Commission (AUC) launched the Inaugural Biennial Review reporting mechanism on the implementation of the Malabo commitments. In line with the above continental commitment on mutual accountability, Zambia implemented the BR process to track progress in the implementation of the CAADP agenda, particularly the 2014 Malabo commitments. The process provided a platform for stakeholders in the agriculture sector (the public sector, private sector, development partners, civil society organizations, academia, and research institutions) to hold each other mutually accountable on both financial and nonfinancial commitments they made toward common development goals for the agriculture sector. The BR process also helped provide a platform for agriculture sector stakeholders to learn from each other (peer learning). The Biennial Review Report (BRR) fosters alignment, harmonization, and coordination among multisectoral efforts and multi-institutional platforms for peer review, mutual learning, and accountability. The objective of this brief is to analyze Zambia's performance and discuss lessons from the implementation of the inaugural CAADP BR mechanism.
11 Mabhaudhi, T.; Nhamo, Luxon; Mpandeli, S.; Nhemachena, Charles; Senzanje, A.; Sobratee, N.; Chivenge, P. P.; Slotow, R.; Naidoo, D.; Liphadzi, S.; Modi, A. T. 2019. The water–energy–food nexus as a tool to transform rural livelihoods and well-being in southern Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16):1-20. (Special issue: Human Adaptation to Climate Change) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162970]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049315)
(2.21 MB) (2.21 MB)
About 60% of southern Africa’s population lives in rural areas with limited access to basic services and amenities such as clean and safe water, affordable and clean energy, and balanced and nutritious diets. Resource scarcity has direct and indirect impacts on nutrition, human health, and well-being of mostly poor rural communities. Climate change impacts in the region are manifesting through low crop yields, upsurge of vector borne diseases (malaria and dengue fever), and water and food-borne diseases (cholera and diarrhoea). This study applied a water–energy–food (WEF) nexus analytical livelihoods model with complex systems understanding to assess rural livelihoods, health, and well-being in southern Africa, recommending tailor-made adaptation strategies for the region aimed at building resilient rural communities. The WEF nexus is a decision support tool that improves rural livelihoods through integrated resource distribution, planning, and management, and ensures inclusive socio-economic transformation and development, and addresses related sustainable development goals, particularly goals 2, 3, 6 and 7. The integrated WEF nexus index for the region was calculated at 0.145, which is marginally sustainable, and indicating the region’s exposure to vulnerabilities, and reveals a major reason why the region fails to meet its developmental targets. The integrated relationship among WEF resources in southern Africa shows an imbalance and uneven resource allocation, utilisation and distribution, which normally results from a ‘siloed’ approach in resource management. The WEF nexus provides better adaptation options, as it guides decision making processes by identifying priority areas needing intervention, enhancing synergies, and minimising trade-offs necessary for resilient rural communities. Our results identified (i) the trade-offs and unintended negative consequences for poor rural households’ livelihoods of current silo approaches, (ii) mechanisms for sustainably enhancing household water, energy and food security, whilst (iii) providing direction for achieving SDGs 2, 3, 6 and 7.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049366)
(1.39 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049368)
(2.60 MB)
14 Makochekanwa, A.; Matchaya, Greenwell. 2019. Regional trade integration in eastern and southern Africa. In Bouet, A.; Odjo, S. P. (Eds.). Africa agriculture trade monitor 2019. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). pp.134-179.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049471)
(2.40 MB) (12.2 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049646)
(0.47 MB)
In any basin or basin country, water security is of critical importance. The increase in populations and water demand are placing stress on the available water resources. This is likely to become more complicated within shared water-courses. Issues of equitable water allocation and distribution are important for all countries involved. Fostering cooperation and managing conflict hence become fundamental in transboundary water management. Climate change is likely to add new challenges to pre-existing dynamics in transboundary systems. According to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Climate Change Strategy and the SADC Shared Watercourses Protocol, there is a need to integrate climate change impacts and associated adaptation measures into water management plans to ensure water security for all countries involved in the future. The Orange-Senqu basin, which spans over Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia and Botswana, will be used as a case study to closely examine and reflect on some hydro-political challenges that may be brought about by climate change-associated impacts within the basin states. Although uncertain, climate projections largely indicate decline in rainfall and increase in temperature, especially within the South Africa part of the basin. This inherently is bound to affect water quantity and, therefore, availability within the riparian states below South Africa.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050040)
(1.58 MB) (1.58 MB)
Big data analytics (BDA) is a novel concept focusing on leveraging large volumes of heterogeneous data through advanced analytics to drive information discovery. This paper aims to highlight the potential role BDA can play to improve groundwater management in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region in Africa. Through a review of the literature, this paper defines the concepts of big data, big data sources in groundwater, big data analytics, big data platforms and framework and how they can be used to support groundwater management in the SADC region. BDA may support groundwater management in SADC region by filling in data gaps and transforming these data into useful information. In recent times, machine learning and artificial intelligence have stood out as a novel tool for data-driven modeling. Managing big data from collection to information delivery requires critical application of selected tools, techniques and methods. Hence, in this paper we present a conceptual framework that can be used to manage the implementation of BDA in a groundwater management context. Then, we highlight challenges limiting the application of BDA which included technological constraints and institutional barriers. In conclusion, the paper shows that sufficient big data exist in groundwater domain and that BDA exists to be used in groundwater sciences thereby providing the basis to further explore data-driven sciences in groundwater management.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049917)
(7.33 MB) (7.33 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050172)
(3.34 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050143)
(5.44 MB) (5.44 MB)
Thirty-eight aquifer units are shared between Malawi and its neighbouring countries. It is essential to prioritize those transboundary aquifers that require immediate attention. A methodology of identifying hotspots in the transboundary aquifers of Malawi that may be at risk of depletion or contamination has been developed. There are 11 local-scale and three national-scale hotspots of transboundary concern in Malawi. Fiscal and planning measures can now be taken to assess these areas in more detail, fostering transboundary cooperation between stakeholders at both local and national scales.
20 Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Panduleni, E.; Greffiths, Ikhothatseng; Fakudze, Bhekiwe. 2021. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard: performance and lessons. Southern African Development Community (SADC). Pretoria, South Africa: Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Southern Africa (ReSAKSS-SA); Kigali, Rwanda: AKADEMIYA2063. 8p. (2019 Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Biennial Review Brief)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050442)
(0.44 MB) (454 KB)
This brief highlights the SADC region’s performance in the second BR and analyzes challenges faced and lessons learned by the region. The brief also reviews policy and programmatic changes in the SADC region induced by lessons from the inaugural 2017 and concludes by highlighting required policy actions for SADC to meet Malabo commitments by 2025.
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