Your search found 6 records
1 Dickin, S.; Bisung, E.; Nansi, J.; Charles, K. 2020. Empowerment in water, sanitation and hygiene index. World Development, 137:105158. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105158]
Women's empowerment ; Gender equality ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation ; Decision making ; Public health ; Indicators ; Households ; Policies / Burkina Faso / Banfora
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050082)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X20302850/pdfft?md5=ea32674a103d1fa634063642fd2cf387&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X20302850-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050082.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050082.pdf
(0.79 MB) (804 KB)
Water, sanitation and hygiene services are often promoted as critical for women's empowerment and gender equality. Tools for monitoring water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) have focused largely on technical standards related to public health outcomes, overlooking those related to broader human wellbeing such as gender and social equality. The Empowerment in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Index (EWI) is a novel survey-based index designed to measure agency, participation and empowerment in the water and sanitation sector. The EWI can be used to assess gender outcomes of a WASH intervention and to monitor changes over time. Drawing on a multi-level conceptualization of empowerment, the EWI is comprised of a suite of indicators at individual, household, and societal levels. The EWI uses responses collected from a male and female respondent at the same household, and represents the proportion of women and men who are empowered, as well as the level of empowerment. We report the methodological approach and data from this pilot study in Burkina Faso. The findings highlight the importance of better understanding household- and community-level power and gender relations, such as decision-making related to household water or sanitation spending. By enabling measurement of women’s empowerment, practitioners and policy-makers can identify and incorporate more targeted strategies that address gender disparities and promote empowerment, and also monitor and evaluate their effectiveness.
2 Dickin, S.; Segnestam, L.; Dakoure, M. S. 2021. Women’s vulnerability to climate-related risks to household water security in Centre-East, Burkina Faso. Climate and Development, 13(5):443-453. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2020.1790335]
Water security ; Households ; Gender ; Women ; Climate change ; Vulnerability ; Drinking water ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Adaptation ; Risk reduction ; Water availability ; Boreholes ; Communities ; Villages ; Public health ; Case studies / West Africa / Burkina Faso / Nouaho Sub-Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050623)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17565529.2020.1790335
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050623.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050623.pdf
(1.56 MB) (1.56 MB)
Variable climate conditions, resulting in periods of water scarcity and longer dry spells, or intense rainfall events, have serious implications for water and sanitation services. Climate change threatens to exacerbate these hazards, increasing risks to household water security, and associated impacts on health, wellbeing and livelihoods. These risks are not evenly distributed across individuals and communities, and there is a particular need to understand women’s vulnerabilities and responses to these risks due to disproportionate impacts of poor water and sanitation conditions. This study used mixed-methods data collection to assess how vulnerabilities to climate-related risks to household water security are produced and vary among women in the Centre-East region, Burkina Faso, as well as capacities to respond. Gendered water-related roles and norms were found to drive vulnerabilities for women in the case study site particularly related to increasingly inadequate water availability during the dry season. Other social differences such as Mossi and Peul ethnicity which influence ways of using water, also contributed to women’s differential vulnerability and capacities to respond. These findings show there is a need to consider how the development of ‘climate resilient’ water and sanitation services take social drivers of vulnerability into account.
3 Dickin, S.; Syed, A.; Qowamuna, N.; Njoroge, G.; Liera, C.; Al’Afghani, M. M.; Chowdhury, S.; Sanchez, Z.; Salad, A. M.; Winterford, K.; Uijtewaal, E.; Roaf, V.; Butterworth, J.; Willetts , J. 2022. Assessing mutual accountability to strengthen national WASH systems and achieve the SDG targets for water and sanitation. H2Open Journal, 5(2):166-179. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.032]
Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation ; Accountability ; Governance ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Partnerships ; Government agencies ; Civil society ; Private sector ; Non-governmental organizations ; Case studies / Bangladesh / Indonesia / Kenya / Peru / Somalia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051262)
https://iwaponline.com/h2open/article-pdf/5/2/166/1036883/h2oj0050166.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051262.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051262.pdf
(0.31 MB) (312 KB)
Multi-stakeholder engagement is critical for making progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 ‘Ensure access to water and sanitation for all’, which is currently off track to be achieved by 2030. The aim of this paper was to investigate mutual accountability and multi-stakeholder platforms in the WASH sector in a diverse range of countries. Data were collected by Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) Research and Learning Constituency partners and collaborators in five SWA member countries: Bangladesh, Indonesia, Kenya, Peru and Somalia. Data collection involved document review, key informant interviews and workshops, and an online questionnaire. Across all the case study countries, there were no clear examples of mutual accountability mechanisms being widely used in the WASH sector. However, the findings indicate that some of the case study countries have active WASH multi-stakeholder platforms involving a range of actors from government, civil society and the private sector; however, these typically function as coordination and communication platforms rather than supporting mutual accountability. Other case study countries did not have multi-stakeholder platforms involving a diverse range of actors, and instead had platforms established for single stakeholder groups such as the private sector or civil society, leaving certain groups out of activities. Overall, the study highlights the importance of establishing strong multi-stakeholder processes and platforms that bring together a range of actors including government, civil society, private sector, research actors, and WASH external support organizations. Such platforms could provide a foundation to enable mutual accountability between these actors by providing a space to set commitments and monitor progress and have potential to strengthen WASH systems both nationally and globally.
4 Dickin, S.; Caretta, M. A. 2022. Examining water and gender narratives and realities. WIREs Water, 9(5):e1602. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1602]
Water governance ; Gender equality ; Women's participation ; Decision making ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Infrastructure ; Collection ; Technology ; Policies ; Households ; Urban areas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051448)
https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wat2.1602
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051448.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051448.pdf
(1.23 MB) (1.23 MB)
There is a wealth of scholarly knowledge that aims to disentangle the complex relationship between gender and water. This scholarship coupled with practitioners' collective experiences and insights have resulted in the emergence of certain narratives that describe how unequal gender relationships to water are manifested and how they can be addressed. In this paper, we critically examine four of these water and gender narratives, myths, or realities: Are women solely responsible for water collection? Are women excluded from the global water workforce? Is technology is sufficient enough to solve water-related gender inequalities? Does participation in design and implementation of water services address gender inequalities? By reviewing existing evidence underlying these water and gender narratives that are prominent in much academic research and international programming, we show the nuances of water and gender relationships, and the discrepancies upon which these narratives are grounded. We draw on examples and research largely focusing on the Global South, but highlight a need for similar examination of these narratives in the Global North. Finally, we discuss remaining knowledge gaps and argue that these normative understandings overlook limited and potentially contradicting evidence on the intricacies of the relationship between gender and water.
5 Macura, B.; Foggitt, E.; Liera, C.; Soto, A.; Orlando, A.; Duca, L. D.; Carrard, N.; Hannes, K.; Sommer, M.; Dickin, S.. 2023. Systematic mapping of gender equality and social inclusion in WASH interventions: knowledge clusters and gaps. BMJ Global Health, 8(1):e010850. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010850]
Gender equality ; Social inclusion ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Women ; Social groups ; Public health ; Participation ; Stakeholders ; Households ; Water supply
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052193)
(0.94 MB) (964 KB)
Introduction Poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services threatens population health and contributes to gender and social inequalities, especially in low-resource settings. Despite awareness in the WASH sector of the importance of promoting gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) to address these inequalities, evaluations of interventions focus largely on health outcomes, while gender equality and other social outcomes are rarely included. This review aimed to collate and describe available research evidence of GESI outcomes evaluated in WASH intervention studies.
Methods We applied a systematic mapping methodology and searched for both academic and grey literature published between 2010 and 2020 in 16 bibliographic databases and 53 specialist websites. Eligibility screening (with consistency checking) was conducted according to predetermined criteria, followed by metadata coding and narrative synthesis.
Results Our evidence base comprises 463 intervention studies. Only 42% of studies measured transformative GESI outcomes of WASH interventions, referring to those that seek to transform gender relations and power imbalances to promote equality. A majority of studies disaggregated outcome data by sex, but other forms of data disaggregation were limited. Most included studies (78%) lacked a specific GESI mainstreaming component in their intervention design. Of the interventions with GESI mainstreaming, the majority targeted women and girls, with very few focused on other social groups or intersectional considerations.
Conclusion The review points to various areas for future primary and secondary research. Given the potential contribution of WASH to GESI, GESI considerations should be incorporated into the evaluation of WASH interventions. Regular collection of data and monitoring of GESI outcomes is needed as well as developing new and testing existing methods for monitoring and evaluation of such data.
Methods We applied a systematic mapping methodology and searched for both academic and grey literature published between 2010 and 2020 in 16 bibliographic databases and 53 specialist websites. Eligibility screening (with consistency checking) was conducted according to predetermined criteria, followed by metadata coding and narrative synthesis.
Results Our evidence base comprises 463 intervention studies. Only 42% of studies measured transformative GESI outcomes of WASH interventions, referring to those that seek to transform gender relations and power imbalances to promote equality. A majority of studies disaggregated outcome data by sex, but other forms of data disaggregation were limited. Most included studies (78%) lacked a specific GESI mainstreaming component in their intervention design. Of the interventions with GESI mainstreaming, the majority targeted women and girls, with very few focused on other social groups or intersectional considerations.
Conclusion The review points to various areas for future primary and secondary research. Given the potential contribution of WASH to GESI, GESI considerations should be incorporated into the evaluation of WASH interventions. Regular collection of data and monitoring of GESI outcomes is needed as well as developing new and testing existing methods for monitoring and evaluation of such data.
6 Dickin, S.; Gabrielsson, S. 2023. Inequalities in water, sanitation and hygiene: challenges and opportunities for measurement and monitoring. Water Security, 20:100143. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2023.100143]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052376)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468312423000111/pdfft?md5=57157fcb5e8babbdad45f31d92598ec8&pid=1-s2.0-S2468312423000111-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052376.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052376.pdf
(1.00 MB) (1.00 MB)
While there is significant awareness of the importance of addressing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) inequalities, measurement continues to present a challenge. Addressing how inequalities are measured, tracked and communicated is fundamental to accelerating progress in ensuring universal WASH coverage and associated benefits. We review how WASH inequalities have been measured and monitored to date on a global level, particularly in relation to SDG 6. We describe gaps in several areas, including how inequalities are measured in relation to gender and social differences, and limitations due to a focus on measuring access to infrastructure that overlooks other contributions of WASH services to wellbeing. Approaches for improved measurement and monitoring of inequalities are discussed, including making better use of existing datasets, as well as developing a broader range of indicators for the WASH sector. Finally, we emphasize the importance of improving visualization and communication of inequalities to policy audiences.
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