Your search found 4 records
1 Jaber, F. H.; Shukla, S.. 2005. Hydrodynamic modeling approaches for agricultural storm water impoundments. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 131(4):307-315.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H037979)
2 Sishodia, R. P.; Shukla, S.; Graham, W. D.; Wani, S. P.; Jones, J. W.; Heaney, J. 2017. Current and future groundwater withdrawals: effects, management and energy policy options for a semi-arid Indian watershed. Advances in Water Resources, 110:459-475. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.05.014]
Groundwater management ; Groundwater extraction ; Watersheds ; Aquifers ; Energy policies ; Water availability ; Water balance ; Water use efficiency ; Water storage ; Irrigated farming ; Tube wells ; Economic aspects ; Strategies ; Semiarid zones ; Rivers ; Stream flow ; Hydrology ; Models / India / Kothapally Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048514)
(3.08 MB)
Effects of future expansion/intensification of irrigated agriculture on groundwater and surface water levels and availability in a semi-arid watershed were evaluated using an integrated hydrologic model (MIKE SHE/MIKE 11) in conjunction with biophysical measurements. Improved water use efficiency, water storage, and energy policy options were evaluated for their ability to sustain the future (2035) increased groundwater withdrawals. Three future withdrawal scenarios (low = 20, medium = 30, high = 50 wells/100 km2/year) based on the historical rate of growth of irrigation wells were formulated. While well drying from falling groundwater levels was limited to drought and consecutive below average rainfall years, under the current (2015) withdrawals, significant increases in frequency and duration (17–97 days/year) of well drying along with 13–26% (19–37 mm) reductions in surface flows were predicted under the future withdrawals. Higher (27–108%) energy demands of existing irrigation pumps due to declining groundwater levels and reduced hydroelectric generation due to decreased surface flows would create a vicious water-food-energy nexus in the future. Crop failure, one of the main causes of farmers’ emotional distress and death in the region, is predicted to exacerbate under the future withdrawal scenarios. Shift to negative net recharge (-63 mm) and early and prolonged drying of wells under the high scenario will reduce the groundwater availability and negatively affect crop production in more than 60% and 90% of cropped areas in the Rabi (November–February) and summer (March–May) seasons, respectively during a drought year. Individual and combined demand (drip irrigation and reduced farm electricity subsidy) and supply (water storage) management options improved groundwater levels and reduced well drying by 55–97 days/year compared to business-as-usual management under the high scenario. The combined management (50% drip conversion, 50% reduction in subsidy, and enhanced water storage) mitigated well drying even during drought and consecutive below average rainfall years under the high scenario. A conservative economic evaluation for management options under the high scenario showed increases in crop production and per farmer annual profits by $987–$1397 during a drought year (average household income=$1520/year). A scale-up of results showed that diverting 50% state power subsidy ($6 billion for 3–6 years) can almost entirely fund the conversion to drip irrigation ($4.2 billion) and water storage structures ($2.9 billion) and help meet the water supply demand of a 50% increase in irrigated area under the high scenario. Converting flood to drip irrigation in 50% of irrigated area under the high scenario can reduce the electric energy consumption (7 × 106Mwh/year) and carbon footprint (6000 Mt/year) of groundwater irrigation by 24% in the state. Management options considered can potentially create a sustainable water-food-energy nexus in the larger semi-arid hard rock region. Reducing the power subsidy will require a strong political will since it has been used as a tool to win the elections in India. Considering future agricultural intensification, timely interventions are needed to ensure the livelihood and well-being of millions of small- and medium-scale farmers that rely on low storage, hard rock aquifers in the semi-arid regions of the world.
3 Arsenault, K. R.; Shukla, S.; Hazra, A.; Getirana, A.; McNally, A.; Kumar, S. V.; Koster, R. D.; Peters-Lidard, C. D.; Zaitchik, B. F.; Badr, H.; Jung, H. C.; Narapusetty, B.; Navari, M.; Wang, S.; Mocko, D. M.; Funk, C.; Harrison, L.; Husak, G. J.; Adoum, A.; Galu, G.; Magadzire, T.; Roningen, J.; Shaw, M.; Eylander, J.; Bergaoui, K.; McDonnell, Rachael A.; Verdin, J. P. 2020. The NASA hydrological forecast system for food and water security applications. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS), 101(7):E1007-E1025. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0264.1]
Hydrology ; Forecasting ; Early warning systems ; Food security ; Water security ; Drought ; Flooding ; Precipitation ; Groundwater ; Water storage ; Soil water content ; Stream flow ; Monitoring ; Land area ; Meteorological factors ; Satellite observation ; Modelling / Africa / Middle East
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049803)
https://journals.ametsoc.org/bams/article-pdf/101/7/E1007/4981535/bamsd180264.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049803.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049803.pdf
(8.47 MB) (8.47 MB)
Many regions in Africa and the Middle East are vulnerable to drought and to water and food insecurity, motivating agency efforts such as the U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) to provide early warning of drought events in the region. Each year these warnings guide life-saving assistance that reaches millions of people. A new NASA multimodel, remote sensing–based hydrological forecasting and analysis system, NHyFAS, has been developed to support such efforts by improving the FEWS NET’s current early warning capabilities. NHyFAS derives its skill from two sources: (i) accurate initial conditions, as produced by an offline land modeling system through the application and/or assimilation of various satellite data (precipitation, soil moisture, and terrestrial water storage), and (ii) meteorological forcing data during the forecast period as produced by a state-of-the-art ocean–land–atmosphere forecast system. The land modeling framework used is the Land Information System (LIS), which employs a suite of land surface models, allowing multimodel ensembles and multiple data assimilation strategies to better estimate land surface conditions. An evaluation of NHyFAS shows that its 1–5-month hindcasts successfully capture known historic drought events, and it has improved skill over benchmark-type hindcasts. The system also benefits from strong collaboration with end-user partners in Africa and the Middle East, who provide insights on strategies to formulate and communicate early warning indicators to water and food security communities. The additional lead time provided by this system will increase the speed, accuracy, and efficacy of humanitarian disaster relief, helping to save lives and livelihoods.
4 Taneja, Garima; Negi, U.; Shukla, S.; Joshi, T.; Neog, K.; Katyaini, S.; Mitra, Archisman; Bhattacharjee, Suchiradipta; Bassi, N.; Verma, Shilp. 2023. Proceedings of the State-level Consultation Workshop on Policy Coherence in the Food, Land, and Water Systems: Case Study of Odisha, India, Odisha, India, 14 December 2023. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on National Policies and Strategies. 17p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052667)
(909 KB)
International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) organized a state consultation workshop on 14 December 2023 on ‘Policy Coherence in Food, Land, and Water (FLW) Systems: A case study of Odisha’ at Bhubaneswar as a part of the CGIAR Initiative on National Policies and Strategies Initiatives (NPS). The Food, Land and Water (FLW) project aims to identify key state-level policies in the food, land, and water systems that have a practical scope for improving coherence and hold most potential for creating an impact. The workshop was organized in partnership with the Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Empowerment, Government of Odisha.
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