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1 Lazurko, Anita. 2018. Assessing the value of resource recovery and reuse: social, environmental and economic costs and benefits for value creation and human well-being. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 41p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 13) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.229]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Water reuse ; Socioeconomic environment ; Environmental impact assessment ; Economic value ; Economic growth ; Cost benefit analysis ; Wastewater treatment ; Agroindustrial sector ; Agricultural wastes ; Industrial wastes ; Organic wastes ; Municipal wastes ; Solid wastes ; Food wastes ; Waste disposal ; Waste management ; Faecal sludge ; Decision making ; Decision analysis ; Farming systems ; Ecosystem services ; Equity ; Groundwater management ; Energy generation ; Biogas ; Composting ; Anaerobic digesters ; Rural communities ; Developing countries ; Fortification ; Social aspects ; Living standards ; Urban areas ; Nutrients ; Case studies / Spain / Italy / China / Israel / Thailand / Eastern Africa / Italy / Iraq / Malaysia / Ghana / USA
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049081)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/wle/rrr/resource_recovery_and_reuse-series_13.pdf
(1 MB)
To understand the full value of Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR), a systematic assessment approach that balances complexity with practicality is required. This report highlights the methods available for quantifying and valuing social, environmental and economic costs and benefits of RRR, focusing on Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) as the primary framework. Rather than prescribing a standardized technique for conducting CBA for RRR, this report presents broad frameworks and several examples that can be catered to individual contexts. This results in a suggested eight-step process accompanied with suggested assessment techniques which have to be tailored to the type of question the assessment is meant to answer and related system boundaries.

2 Hall, J. W.; Borgomeo, Edoardo; Mortazavi-Naeini, M.; Wheeler, K. 2020. Water resource system modelling and decision analysis. In Dadson, S. J.; Garrick, D. E.; Penning-Rowsell, E. C.; Hall, J. W.; Hope, R.; Hughes, J. (Eds.). Water science, policy, and management: a global challenge. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley and Sons. pp.257-273.
Water resources ; Modelling ; Decision analysis ; Decision making ; Hydrology ; Simulation models ; Water supply ; Sustainability ; Planning ; Uncertainty ; Climate change ; Risk ; Economic aspects ; Environmental impact
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049801)
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049801.pdf
(0.20 MB)

3 Croeser, T.; Garrard, G.; Sharma, R.; Ossola, A.; Bekessy, S. 2021. Choosing the right nature-based solutions to meet diverse urban challenges. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 65:127337. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127337]
Urban planning ; Decision support ; Decision making ; Decision analysis ; Nature conservation ; Forestry ; Ecosystem services ; Cities ; Sensitivity analysis ; Uncertainty
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050640)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1618866721003642/pdfft?md5=0a864d739151c1766e7166071a8db891&pid=1-s2.0-S1618866721003642-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050640.pdf
(2.03 MB) (2.03 MB)
Increasing focus on Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in cities has significantly expanded the range of applications in which urban nature is considered useful, as well as the range of NBS available. Traditional parks, gardens and street trees now sit alongside innovative approaches including rooftop pollinator habitats, constructed wetlands and hydroponic green facades, each of which has its own particular challenges and benefits. This variety of solutions introduces an important new decision-making challenge for cities wishing to implement NBS: choosing the right set of specific NBS interventions.
Decision support tools such as Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) can help navigate complex decisions, but their application to urban NBS selection decisions has been limited. Current NBS assessment frameworks tend to either give highly aggregated results, or are tailored to only one specific ecosystem service. Here we demonstrate a novel application of MCDA to the practical challenge of selecting a set of NBS to address multiple urban challenges. The MCDA tool developed here was used in seven cities participating in the European Union project ‘Urban GreenUP’. We describe the development and use of the MCDA tool, and explore how cities used the tool to guide NBS selection. We also evaluate the tool using sensitivity analysis and feedback from users.
We find that participating cities are seeking to balance a large number of possible benefits from NBS solutions, and the tool proved useful for navigating the selection decision. Users identified opportunities to improve the tool’s usability and clarity. They also noted a key strength of the tool as a prompt for co-production of knowledge and decisions. Collectively, these findings advance the design and application of tools to support complex decisions about selecting NBS to address diverse urban challenges.

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