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1 Kehrein, P.; van Loosdrecht, M.; Osseweijer, P.; Garfí, M.; Dewulf, J.; Posada, J. 2020. A critical review of resource recovery from municipal wastewater treatment plants - market supply potentials, technologies and bottlenecks. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 6(4):877-910. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EW00905A]
Municipal wastewater ; Resource recovery ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Technology ; Water reuse ; Health hazards ; Fertilizers ; Membrane filtration ; Oxidation ; Sewage sludge ; Waste incineration ; Cellulose ; Energy recovery ; Methane ; Biogas ; Thermal energy ; Nutrients ; Markets ; Policies / Netherlands / Belgium / Flanders
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049692)
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2020/ew/c9ew00905a
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049692.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049692.pdf
(2.11 MB) (2.11 MB)
In recent decades, academia has elaborated a wide range of technological solutions to recover water, energy, fertiliser and other products from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Drivers for this work range from low resource recovery potential and cost effectiveness, to the high energy demands and large environmental footprints of current treatment-plant designs. However, only a few technologies have been implemented and a shift from wastewater treatment plants towards water resource facilities still seems far away. This critical review aims to inform decision-makers in water management utilities about the vast technical possibilities and market supply potentials, as well as the bottlenecks, related to the design or redesign of a municipal wastewater treatment process from a resource recovery perspective. Information and data have been extracted from literature to provide a holistic overview of this growing research field. First, reviewed data is used to calculate the potential of 11 resources recoverable from municipal wastewater treatment plants to supply national resource consumption. Depending on the resource, the supply potential may vary greatly. Second, resource recovery technologies investigated in academia are reviewed comprehensively and critically. The third section of the review identifies nine non-technical bottlenecks mentioned in literature that have to be overcome to successfully implement these technologies into wastewater treatment process designs. The bottlenecks are related to economics and value chain development, environment and health, and society and policy issues. Considering market potentials, technological innovations, and addressing potential bottlenecks early in the planning and process design phase, may facilitate the design and integration of water resource facilities and contribute to more circular urban water management practices.
2 Selihin, N. M.; Tay, M. G. 2022. A review on future wastewater treatment technologies: micro-nanobubbles, hybrid electro-fenton processes, photocatalytic fuel cells, and microbial fuel cells. Water Science and Technology, 85(1):319-341. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.618]
Wastewater treatment ; Technology ; Hybridization ; Chemical treatment ; Electrolysis ; Oxidation ; Microbial fuel cells ; Sustainability ; Energy recovery ; Pollutants
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050885)
https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-pdf/85/1/319/985995/wst085010319.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050885.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050885.pdf
(0.66 MB) (672 KB)
The future prospect in wastewater treatment technologies mostly emphasizes processing efficiency and the economic benefits. Undeniably, the use of advanced oxidation processes in physical and chemical treatments has played a vital role in helping the technologies to remove the organic pollutants efficiently and reduce the energy consumption or even harvesting the electrons movements in the oxidation process to produce electrical energy. In the present paper, we review several types of wastewater treatment technologies, namely micro-nanobubbles, hybrid electro-Fenton processes, photocatalytic fuel cells, and microbial fuel cells. The aims are to explore the interaction of hydroxyl radicals with pollutants using these wastewater technologies, including their removal efficiencies, optimal conditions, reactor setup, and energy generation. Despite these technologies recording high removal efficiency of organic pollutants, the selection of the technologies is dependent on the characteristics of the wastewater and the daily production volume. Hence the review paper also provides comparisons between technologies as the guidance in technology selection.
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